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    A Study on Locus of Control, Retirement Planning Behavior and Retirement Asset Adequacy

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μƒν™œκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ μ†ŒλΉ„μžν•™κ³Ό,2020. 2. κΉ€μ†Œμ—°.Due to continuous growth of the elderly population and beginning of baby boomers retirement. Various studies are also being conducted in academia on retirement preparation, regardless of major. In particular, a number of studies have been conducted on demographic, social and financial characteristics in terms of economic retirement preparation, but these structural characteristics were insufficient to discuss individual economic retirement preparation. This study is interested in locus of control. A locus of control is a generalized expectation of human beings that results in internal control or an external control depending on whether people have expectations that outcomes come from me or come from the outside, Depending on locus of control, people may have different behavior in certain situation. In this study, we wanted to explore how locus of control affects the economic retirement preparation of households. To this end, we examined the effects of household asset and debt holdings on retirement planning behavior and retirement asset adequacy, and verified locus of control had a moderating effect on it. For the study, the Korean Laboratory and Income Panel Study 18th Survey (2015) was used and the study was conducted on 156 male household owners aged 50 to 74. In this study, retirement planning behavior refers to private retirement preparation. such as personal pensions, deposits, installment savings, savings insurance, real estate, stocks, and bonds, that individuals have responsibility for holding those assets. Retirement asset adequacy is defined as whether a couple has more retirement assets than they need to survive to life expectancy. Retirement assets were estimated by subtracting total debt from financial assets, owner-occupied house, real estate, lease deposits, and total pension amounts. expected retirement living costs estimated up to life expectancy based on current living costs. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, households with insufficient retirement assets accounted for 31.1% of the retirement asset-deficient group, even though they did retirement planning behavior. This finding suggests that families currently preparing for retirement need help to prepare for a successful retirement. To this end, it is necessary to check their retirement preparation behavior through financial education and financial planning considering the characteristics of the household. Second, households with financial assets, public pensions and debt were more likely to do retirement planning behavior. The preceding study supports the above findings that more financial asset holders are more likely to engage in retirement preparation by holding private pensions and savings (Kim, 2013). if the income is expected to be stable, the holdings of risky assets increase (Kim & Kim. 2014). Therefore, in terms of retirement planning behavior, efforts to secure economic stability by holding financial assets and public pensions. In terms of debt holdings, Jung & Cha (2017) said that households holding debt had significantly more total assets and real estate than households without debt holding. Further research on the role of debt in retirement readiness is required. In this context, people who can afford debt are likely to have a retirement planning behavior, so follow-up studies on the role of debt in retirement preparation are required. Third, holding public pension and home-ownership affect retirement asset. Public pensions and home-ownership can be regarded as important retirement assets. In particular, a reverse mortgage can provide a stable source of income after retirement. Fourth, locus of control has a positive effect on retirement planning behavior, but it does not affect the retirement asset adequacy, considering the locus of control, it is necessary to plan the financial behavior in accordance with the household's retirement plan. In particular, there is a considerable number of households that do not have enough retirement asset, even though they did retirement planning behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately recognize the goals of retirement preparation and to comprise and manage a suitable portfolio. In addition, retirement preparation requires a long period, in this respect, it should be planned and systematically managed (Lee et al, 2018). In the financial industry, which is closely related to the preparation for economic retirement, it is necessary to find ways to increase the satisfaction of financial consumers by implementing customer segmentation considering the locus of control. It also needs to consider providing opportunities for reliable financial education and financial planning at the public service level. In the case of external control people, it is likely that they will depend on experts and lack the willingness to meet their goals to raise enough retirement asset. Internal control people are enthusiastic about retirement preparation. But at the same time, they have a high level of resistance to deprivation of liberty, tend to hold risky asset and invest inconsistently(Pinger et al, 2018; Salamanca et al, 2013; Strickland, 2017) Financial counseling should take account of these characteristics. Lastly, locus of control had no significant effect on retirement asset adequacy, and there was no moderating effect on the financial characteristics of retirement households. In other words, locus of control had a significant positive effect on retirement planning behavior but did not have a significant effect on raising sufficient retirement asset. Therefore, internal control people are likely to perform retirement planning behavior smoothly, but they should be aware that retirement planning behavior does not guarantee retirement asset adequacy and overconfidence about their ability to do retirement planning behavior. Through this study, we examined the level of retirement planning behavior and retirement asset adequacy in Korean households, and the role of locus of control. According to the locus of control, there was a difference in retirement preparation. This study is meaningful in that it confirms the applicability of locus of control as a major psychological variable affecting financial behavior. In addition, differentiated interventions and support should be made according to the locus of control to prepare for a successful retirement, this study suggested the possibility of using the locus of control in financial education and counseling. This study used secondary data to identify retirement households' retirement assets as accurately as possible. As a result, there were limitations in defining subjects and measurement variables suitable for the purpose of the study. Therefore, continued interest and follow-up studies should be required to clearly understand the effect of locus of control on retirement preparations.지속적인 노인 인ꡬ의 증가와 베이비뢀머 μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 은퇴 μ§„μž…μœΌλ‘œ 인해 은퇴쀀비에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심 μ—­μ‹œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œλŒ€μ  흐름에 λΆ€μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œλ„ 은퇴쀀비에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 특히 경제적 은퇴쀀비 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μΈκ΅¬Β·μ‚¬νšŒν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±, 재무적 νŠΉμ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 연ꡬ가 λ‹€μˆ˜ μ§„ν–‰λΌμ™”μœΌλ‚˜ 이와 같은 ꡬ쑰적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 개인 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ 경제적 은퇴쀀비λ₯Ό λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” 뢀쑱함이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜(locus of control)λΌλŠ” κ°œμΈνŠΉμ„±μ— 관심을 가진닀. ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” 인간이 κ°–λŠ” μΌλ°˜ν™”λœ κΈ°λŒ€λ‘œ 결과물에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λŒ€κ°μ΄ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μžˆλŠ”μ§€, λ˜λŠ” μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λΉ„λ‘―λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 내적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜ ν˜Ήμ€ 외적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λ©° 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 행동 μ—­μ‹œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜κ°€ κ°€κ³„μ˜ 경제적 은퇴쀀비에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€κ³„μ˜ μžμ‚°κ³Ό 뢀채 λ³΄μœ κ°€ 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜κ°€ 이에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 쑰절효과λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œκ΅­λ…Έλ™νŒ¨λ„ 18μ°¨ μ‘°μ‚¬μžλ£Œ(2015)λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 만 50μ„Έμ—μ„œ 만 74μ„Έ 은퇴뢀뢀가ꡬ 가ꡬ주 쀑 남성 가ꡬ주 156λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 은퇴쀀비행동은 사적인 은퇴쀀비행동을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. 이에 은퇴λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 경제적 은퇴쀀비λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ‘λ‹΅ν•œ 집단 쀑 μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅­λ―Όμ—°κΈˆ, 기타 κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆ, ν‡΄μ§κΈˆ, ν‡΄μ§μ—°κΈˆκ³Ό 같이 곡적인 μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„λ§Œ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ κ²½μš°λŠ” μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ , κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ κ°€μž…κ³Ό 보유의 μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ°œμΈμ—°κΈˆ, 예금, 적금, μ €μΆ•μ„± λ³΄ν—˜, 뢀동산 운용, 주식, μ±„κΆŒ λ“±μ˜ 사적인 은퇴쀀비방법을 νƒν•œ 경우둜 ν•œμ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ€ λΆ€λΆ€κ°€ κΈ°λŒ€μ—¬λͺ…κΉŒμ§€ 생쑴 μ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ€ν‡΄ν•„μš”μžμ‚°λ³΄λ‹€ λ§Žμ€ μ€ν‡΄μžμ‚°μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”μ§€λ‘œ μ •μ˜λœλ‹€. μ€ν‡΄μžμ‚°μ€ κΈˆμœ΅μžμ‚°, μžκ°€μ£Όνƒ μ‹œκ°€, κ±°μ£Ό 주택 μ™Έ 뢀동산 μ‹œκ°€, μž„μ°¨λ³΄μ¦κΈˆ, 총 μ—°κΈˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ 총뢀채λ₯Ό μ œν•˜μ—¬ μΆ”μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μ€ν‡΄ν•„μš”μžκΈˆμ€ ν˜„μž¬ μƒν™œλΉ„λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€μ—¬λͺ…κΉŒμ§€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μƒν™œμžκΈˆμ„ μΆ”μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 결둠은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμ΄ λΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 가ꡬ가 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆλΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ 집단 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 31.1%에 λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€. ν•΄λ‹Ή 집단은 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό λͺ»ν•œ 집단이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 은퇴 μ€€λΉ„ 쀑인 κ°€κ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 성곡적인 은퇴쀀비λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•¨μ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ 재무ꡐ윑 및 μž¬λ¬΄μ„€κ³„λ₯Ό 톡해 μžμ‹ μ˜ 은퇴쀀비행동을 점검할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κΈˆμœ΅μžμ‚°, κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆ, 뢀채λ₯Ό λ³΄μœ ν•œ κ°€κ΅¬μΌμˆ˜λ‘ 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. κΈˆμœ΅μžμ‚° 보유자일수둝 μ‚¬μ μ—°κΈˆ, μ €μΆ• λ“±μ˜ 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’κ³ (κΉ€κ²½μ•„, 2013), κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆ κ°€μž…μžμΌμˆ˜λ‘ κ°œμΈμ—°κΈˆμ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 있으며(κΉ€μ˜ˆμŠ¬. 2017) νŠΉμˆ˜μ§μ—­μ—°κΈˆ κ°€μž…μžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ…Έν›„μ†Œλ“μ„ μ•ˆμ •μ μΌ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” 경우, μœ„ν—˜μžμ‚°μ˜ λ³΄μœ μ•‘μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•œλ‹€λŠ”(κΉ€ν—Œμˆ˜μ™€ κΉ€κ²½μ•„. 2014) 선행연ꡬ가 μœ„μ˜ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ§€μ§€ν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 은퇴쀀비행동 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κΈˆμœ΅μžμ‚°, κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆμ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜μ—¬ 경제적 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯이 선행될 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 뢀채 보유 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 정닀은과 차경욱(2017)은 λΆ€μ±„λ³΄μœ κ°€κ΅¬κ°€ λΉ„λ³΄μœ κ°€κ΅¬μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ΄μžμ‚°κ³Ό λΆ€λ™μ‚°μžμ‚°μ΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Žλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ° 이와 같은 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 뢀채λ₯Ό 감당할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μœΌλ―€λ‘œ 은퇴쀀비에 μžˆμ–΄ λΆ€μ±„μ˜ 역할에 κ΄€ν•œ 후속연ꡬ가 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆ λ³΄μœ μ™€ μžκ°€μ£Όνƒ λ³΄μœ κ°€ μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— 영ν–₯을 미치고 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ³΅μ μ—°κΈˆκ³Ό μžκ°€μ£Όνƒμ„ μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ μ€ν‡΄μžμ‚°μ΄λΌκ³  λ³Ό 수 있으며, 특히 μžκ°€μ£Όνƒ 보유 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ£Όνƒμ—°κΈˆμ„ 톡해 은퇴 ν›„ μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ μ†Œλ“μ›μ„ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜κ°€ 은퇴쀀비행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ •(+)의 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ—λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 점, 뢀채 보유자 쀑 내적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μž 일수둝 은퇴쀀비행동을 ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’λ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ“€μ–΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜ μ„±ν–₯을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ μ€ν‡΄κ³„νšμ— λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” μž¬λ¬΄ν–‰λ™μ„ κ³„νšν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 특히 은퇴쀀비행동을 μ‹€μ‹œν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμ΄ μΆ©λΆ„μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ 가ꡬ가 적지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ μ ˆν•œ 은퇴쀀비행동을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μž¬λ¬΄ν–‰λ™μ„ μˆ™κ³ ν•˜κ³  μ€ν‡΄κ³„νšμ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ •ν™•νžˆ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ—¬ 이에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 포트폴리였λ₯Ό ꡬ성해 μš΄μš©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며 μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„λŠ” μž₯κΈ°κ°„μ˜ μž¬λ¬΄ν–‰λ™μ΄ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λ―€λ‘œ κ³„νšμ μ΄κ³  체계적인 관리가 ν•¨κ»˜ 이루어져야 ν•  것이닀(μ΄μ„ μš° μ™Έ, 2018). λ˜ν•œ κΈ°μ—… μΈ‘λ©΄, 특히 경제적 은퇴쀀비와 λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관련이 μžˆλŠ” 금육ꢌ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ 고객세뢄화λ₯Ό 톡해 κΈˆμœ΅μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ λ§Œμ‘±λ„λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ •λΆ€ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³΅κ³΅μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ‹ λ’°μ„± 높은 재무ꡐ윑과 μž¬λ¬΄μ„€κ³„μ˜ 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ³ λ €ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 외적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μžμ˜ 경우, 전문가에 λŒ€ν•΄ 의쑴적이며 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λͺ¨μœΌλ €λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ‹¬μ„±μ˜ μ˜μ§€κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μœΌλ―€λ‘œ 이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ 적극적인 κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈμ œκ³΅μ΄ 도움이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 내적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μžμ˜ 경우, 은퇴쀀비에 적극적으둜 μž„ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 가지고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ— μžμ‹ μ˜ 행동에 μžˆμ–΄ 자유λ₯Ό λ°•νƒˆλ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 거뢀감이 λ†’κ³ , μœ„ν—˜μ„± μžμ‚°μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ νˆ¬μžμ— μžˆμ–΄ 일관적이지 μ•Šμ€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ(Pinger et al, 2018; Salamanca et al, 2013; Strickland, 2017) μœ„μ™€ 같은 νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 내적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬λ¬΄μƒλ‹΄μ΄ 이루어져야 ν•  것이닀. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— μœ μ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©° μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ 재무적 νŠΉμ„±κ³Όλ„ μ‘°μ ˆνš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 즉 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜λŠ” μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„ν–‰λ™μ—λŠ” μœ μ˜ν•œ μ •(+)적 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμ„ λͺ¨μœΌλŠ” λ°λŠ” μœ μ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 내적 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μžλŠ” 은퇴쀀비행동을 μ›ν™œνžˆ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성은 λ†’μœΌλ‚˜ 은퇴쀀비행동이 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ„ λ‹΄λ³΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 점을 인지해야 ν•˜λ©° 은퇴쀀비행동에 μžˆμ–΄ μžκΈ°κ³Όμ‹ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ 경계해야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ κ°€κ³„μ˜ 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , 이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 역할을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ©° ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ— 따라 은퇴쀀비행동에 차이가 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μž¬λ¬΄ν–‰λ™μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ£Όμš”ν•œ 심리적 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ μ μš©κ°€λŠ₯성을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 성곡적인 은퇴쀀비λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 개인의 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ— 따라 차별적인 κ°œμž…κ³Ό 지원이 이루어져야 함을 μ œμ•ˆν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 재무ꡐ윑과 상담에 μžˆμ–΄ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ ν™œμš©κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ μ€ν‡΄μžμ‚°μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ μž 2μ°¨ 자료λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이둜 μΈν•˜μ—¬ 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ— μ ν•©ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμž 및 μΈ‘μ •λ³€μˆ˜ μ •μ˜μ— μžˆμ–΄ μ œν•œμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 은퇴쀀비에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 영ν–₯을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 지속적인 관심과 후속연ꡬ가 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©° 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€μ œ ν˜„μž₯에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„μžμ˜ 경제적 은퇴쀀비에 이바지할 수 있기λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 문제제기 1 제 2 절 연ꡬλͺ©μ  및 의의 3 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 4 제 1 절 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„± 4 1. μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό ν˜„ν™© 4 2. μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„ν–‰λ™μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 6 3. μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 11 제 2 절 ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜ 15 1. ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 15 2. ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ™€ κ°€κ³„μž¬λ¬΄κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 18 제 3 μž₯ μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 및 연ꡬ방법 20 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 20 제 2 절 연ꡬ방법 21 1. 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜• 21 2. λΆ„μ„μžλ£Œ 22 3. μ‘°μ‚¬λŒ€μƒ 22 4. λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ μ •μ˜ 24 5. 뢄석방법 36 제 3 절 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμžμ˜ νŠΉμ„± 37 1. μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμžμ˜ μΈκ΅¬Β·μ‚¬νšŒν•™μ  νŠΉμ„± 37 2. μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμžμ˜ 고용 κ΄€λ ¨ νŠΉμ„± 38 3. μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμžμ˜ 재무적 νŠΉμ„± 39 제 4 μž₯ 연ꡬ결과 41 제 1 절 은퇴가ꡬ κ°€κ΅¬μ£Όμ˜ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜ 및 가ꡬ νŠΉμ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 차이 뢄석 41 1. 은퇴가ꡬ κ°€κ΅¬μ£Όμ˜ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜ μˆ˜μ€€ 41 2. 은퇴가ꡬ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 관계 뢄석 43 제 2 절 μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„± 뢄석 46 1. μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„± μˆ˜μ€€ 46 2. μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό μ€ν‡΄μ€€λΉ„ν–‰λ™μ˜ 관계 뢄석 48 3. μ€ν‡΄κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ˜ 관계 뢄석 50 제 3 절 은퇴쀀비행동과 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 재무적 νŠΉμ„±μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯ 뢄석 52 1. 은퇴쀀비행동에 재무적 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 52 2. μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— 재무적 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 54 제 4 절 재무적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 은퇴쀀비행동 및 μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 쑰절효과 뢄석 56 1. 재무적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 은퇴쀀비행동에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 쑰절효과 56 2. 재무적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ€ν‡΄μžκΈˆμΆ©λΆ„μ„±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œμœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 쑰절효과 61 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  및 μ œμ–Έ 64 제 1 절 κ²°λ‘  64 제 2 절 ν•¨μ˜ 및 μ œμ–Έ 67 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 71 Abstract 84Maste
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