7 research outputs found
A Study on Locus of Control, Retirement Planning Behavior and Retirement Asset Adequacy
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μνκ³Όνλν μλΉμνκ³Ό,2020. 2. κΉμμ°.Due to continuous growth of the elderly population and beginning of baby boomers retirement. Various studies are also being conducted in academia on retirement preparation, regardless of major. In particular, a number of studies have been conducted on demographic, social and financial characteristics in terms of economic retirement preparation, but these structural characteristics were insufficient to discuss individual economic retirement preparation.
This study is interested in locus of control. A locus of control is a generalized expectation of human beings that results in internal control or an external control depending on whether people have expectations that outcomes come from me or come from the outside, Depending on locus of control, people may have different behavior in certain situation.
In this study, we wanted to explore how locus of control affects the economic retirement preparation of households. To this end, we examined the effects of household asset and debt holdings on retirement planning behavior and retirement asset adequacy, and verified locus of control had a moderating effect on it.
For the study, the Korean Laboratory and Income Panel Study 18th Survey (2015) was used and the study was conducted on 156 male household owners aged 50 to 74. In this study, retirement planning behavior refers to private retirement preparation. such as personal pensions, deposits, installment savings, savings insurance, real estate, stocks, and bonds, that individuals have responsibility for holding those assets.
Retirement asset adequacy is defined as whether a couple has more retirement assets than they need to survive to life expectancy. Retirement assets were estimated by subtracting total debt from financial assets, owner-occupied house, real estate, lease deposits, and total pension amounts. expected retirement living costs estimated up to life expectancy based on current living costs.
The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, households with insufficient retirement assets accounted for 31.1% of the retirement asset-deficient group, even though they did retirement planning behavior. This finding suggests that families currently preparing for retirement need help to prepare for a successful retirement. To this end, it is necessary to check their retirement preparation behavior through financial education and financial planning considering the characteristics of the household.
Second, households with financial assets, public pensions and debt were more likely to do retirement planning behavior. The preceding study supports the above findings that more financial asset holders are more likely to engage in retirement preparation by holding private pensions and savings (Kim, 2013). if the income is expected to be stable, the holdings of risky assets increase (Kim & Kim. 2014). Therefore, in terms of retirement planning behavior, efforts to secure economic stability by holding financial assets and public pensions. In terms of debt holdings, Jung & Cha (2017) said that households holding debt had significantly more total assets and real estate than households without debt holding. Further research on the role of debt in retirement readiness is required. In this context, people who can afford debt are likely to have a retirement planning behavior, so follow-up studies on the role of debt in retirement preparation are required.
Third, holding public pension and home-ownership affect retirement asset. Public pensions and home-ownership can be regarded as important retirement assets. In particular, a reverse mortgage can provide a stable source of income after retirement.
Fourth, locus of control has a positive effect on retirement planning behavior, but it does not affect the retirement asset adequacy, considering the locus of control, it is necessary to plan the financial behavior in accordance with the household's retirement plan. In particular, there is a considerable number of households that do not have enough retirement asset, even though they did retirement planning behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately recognize the goals of retirement preparation and to comprise and manage a suitable portfolio. In addition, retirement preparation requires a long period, in this respect, it should be planned and systematically managed (Lee et al, 2018).
In the financial industry, which is closely related to the preparation for economic retirement, it is necessary to find ways to increase the satisfaction of financial consumers by implementing customer segmentation considering the locus of control. It also needs to consider providing opportunities for reliable financial education and financial planning at the public service level. In the case of external control people, it is likely that they will depend on experts and lack the willingness to meet their goals to raise enough retirement asset. Internal control people are enthusiastic about retirement preparation. But at the same time, they have a high level of resistance to deprivation of liberty, tend to hold risky asset and invest inconsistently(Pinger et al, 2018; Salamanca et al, 2013; Strickland, 2017) Financial counseling should take account of these characteristics.
Lastly, locus of control had no significant effect on retirement asset adequacy, and there was no moderating effect on the financial characteristics of retirement households. In other words, locus of control had a significant positive effect on retirement planning behavior but did not have a significant effect on raising sufficient retirement asset. Therefore, internal control people are likely to perform retirement planning behavior smoothly, but they should be aware that retirement planning behavior does not guarantee retirement asset adequacy and overconfidence about their ability to do retirement planning behavior.
Through this study, we examined the level of retirement planning behavior and retirement asset adequacy in Korean households, and the role of locus of control. According to the locus of control, there was a difference in retirement preparation. This study is meaningful in that it confirms the applicability of locus of control as a major psychological variable affecting financial behavior. In addition, differentiated interventions and support should be made according to the locus of control to prepare for a successful retirement, this study suggested the possibility of using the locus of control in financial education and counseling.
This study used secondary data to identify retirement households' retirement assets as accurately as possible. As a result, there were limitations in defining subjects and measurement variables suitable for the purpose of the study. Therefore, continued interest and follow-up studies should be required to clearly understand the effect of locus of control on retirement preparations.μ§μμ μΈ λ
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κΉμ§ νμν μνμκΈμ μΆμ νμλ€.
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λμ§Έ, κΈμ΅μμ°, 곡μ μ°κΈ, λΆμ±λ₯Ό 보μ ν κ°κ΅¬μΌμλ‘ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ ν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμλ€. κΈμ΅μμ° λ³΄μ μμΌμλ‘ μ¬μ μ°κΈ, μ μΆ λ±μ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ νκ² λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λκ³ (κΉκ²½μ, 2013), 곡μ μ°κΈ κ°μ
μμΌμλ‘ κ°μΈμ°κΈμ 보μ νλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μμΌλ©°(κΉμμ¬. 2017) νΉμμ§μμ°κΈ κ°μ
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Έλ ₯μ΄ μ νλ νμκ° μλ€. λν λΆμ± 보μ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ μ λ€μκ³Ό μ°¨κ²½μ±(2017)μ λΆμ±λ³΄μ κ°κ΅¬κ° λΉλ³΄μ κ°κ΅¬μ λΉν΄ μ΄μμ°κ³Ό λΆλμ°μμ°μ΄ μ μνκ² λ§λ€κ³ νμλλ° μ΄μ κ°μ λ§₯λ½μμ λΆμ±λ₯Ό κ°λΉν μ μλ μ¬λλ€μ΄ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ ν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμΌλ―λ‘ μν΄μ€λΉμ μμ΄ λΆμ±μ μν μ κ΄ν νμμ°κ΅¬κ° μꡬλλ€.
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λ·μ§Έ, ν΅μ μμΉκ° μν΄μ€λΉνλμ λν΄ μ (+)μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§λ§ μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μλ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§ μλλ€λ μ , λΆμ± 보μ μ μ€ λ΄μ ν΅μ μμΉμ μΌμλ‘ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ ν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λλ€λ μ μ λ€μ΄ μμ μ ν΅μ μμΉ μ±ν₯μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ κ°κ΅¬μ μν΄κ³νμ λΆν©νλ μ¬λ¬΄νλμ κ³νν νμκ° μλ€. νΉν μν΄μ€λΉνλμ μ€μνμμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μν΄μκΈμ΄ μΆ©λΆμΉ μμ κ°κ΅¬κ° μ μ§ μλ€λ μ μμ μ μ ν μν΄μ€λΉνλμ μνν μ μλ λμμ΄ νμνλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ μμ μ μ¬λ¬΄νλμ μκ³ νκ³ μν΄κ³νμ λͺ©νλ₯Ό μ νν μΈμνμ¬ μ΄μ λΆν©νλ ν¬νΈν΄λ¦¬μ€λ₯Ό ꡬμ±ν΄ μ΄μ©ν νμκ° μμΌλ©° μν΄μ€λΉλ μ₯κΈ°κ°μ μ¬λ¬΄νλμ΄ μꡬλλ―λ‘ κ³νμ μ΄κ³ 체κ³μ μΈ κ΄λ¦¬κ° ν¨κ» μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ ν κ²μ΄λ€(μ΄μ μ° μΈ, 2018). λν κΈ°μ
μΈ‘λ©΄, νΉν κ²½μ μ μν΄μ€λΉμ λ°μ ν κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μλ κΈμ΅κΆ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ ν΅μ μμΉλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν κ³ κ°μΈλΆνλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κΈμ΅μλΉμμ λ§μ‘±λλ₯Ό μ¦κ°μν¬ λ°©μμ λͺ¨μν νμκ° μλ€. μ λΆ μ°¨μμμλ 곡곡μλΉμ€ μ°¨μμμ μ λ’°μ± λμ μ¬λ¬΄κ΅μ‘κ³Ό μ¬λ¬΄μ€κ³μ κΈ°νλ₯Ό μ 곡νλ κ²μ κ³ λ €ν νμκ° μλ€. μΈμ ν΅μ μμΉμμ κ²½μ°, μ λ¬Έκ°μ λν΄ μμ‘΄μ μ΄λ©° μν΄μκΈμ μΆ©λΆν λͺ¨μΌλ €λ λͺ©νλ¬μ±μ μμ§κ° λΆμ‘±ν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμΌλ―λ‘ μ΄λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν μ κ·Ήμ μΈ κ°μ΄λλΌμΈμ κ³΅μ΄ λμμ΄ λ μ μλ€. λ΄μ ν΅μ μμΉμμ κ²½μ°, μν΄μ€λΉμ μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μνλ κ²½ν₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μμΌλ λμμ μμ μ νλμ μμ΄ μμ λ₯Ό λ°νλΉνλ κ²μ λν κ±°λΆκ°μ΄ λκ³ , μνμ± μμ°μ 보μ νκ±°λ ν¬μμ μμ΄ μΌκ΄μ μ΄μ§ μμ λͺ¨μ΅μ 보μ΄λ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μμΌλ―λ‘(Pinger et al, 2018; Salamanca et al, 2013; Strickland, 2017) μμ κ°μ νΉμ±μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ λ΄μ ν΅μ μμΉμμ λν μ¬λ¬΄μλ΄μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ ν κ²μ΄λ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ ν΅μ μμΉλ μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ μ μν μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§ μμμΌλ©° μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ±κ³Όλ μ‘°μ ν¨κ³Όκ° μ‘΄μ¬νμ§ μμλ€. μ¦ ν΅μ μμΉλ μν΄μ€λΉνλμλ μ μν μ (+)μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§λ§ μΆ©λΆν μν΄μκΈμ λͺ¨μΌλ λ°λ μ μν μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§ λͺ»νμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ λ΄μ ν΅μ μμΉμλ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ μνν μνν κ°λ₯μ±μ λμΌλ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ΄ μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ λ΄λ³΄νμ§ μλλ€λ μ μ μΈμ§ν΄μΌ νλ©° μν΄μ€λΉνλμ μμ΄ μκΈ°κ³Όμ νμ§ μλλ‘ κ²½κ³ν΄μΌ ν νμκ° μλ€.
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κ³Ό μ§μμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ ν¨μ μ μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ¬λ¬΄κ΅μ‘κ³Ό μλ΄μ μμ΄ ν΅μ μμΉμ νμ©κ°λ₯μ±μ μ 곡νμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ μν΄μμ°μ κ°λ₯ν μ ννκ² νμ
νκ³ μ 2μ°¨ μλ£λ₯Ό νμ©νμλ€. μ΄λ‘ μΈνμ¬ μ°κ΅¬ λͺ©μ μ μ ν©ν μ°κ΅¬λμμ λ° μΈ‘μ λ³μ μ μμ μμ΄ μ νμ΄ μμλ€. λ°λΌμ μν΄μ€λΉμ λν ν΅μ μμΉμ μν₯μ λͺ
νν μ΄ν΄νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ§μμ μΈ κ΄μ¬κ³Ό νμμ°κ΅¬κ° λ·λ°μΉ¨λμ΄μΌ νλ©° μ΄λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ μ€μ νμ₯μ μ μ©νμ¬ μν΄μ€λΉμμ κ²½μ μ μν΄μ€λΉμ μ΄λ°μ§ν μ μκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λνλ€.μ 1 μ₯ μλ‘ 1
μ 1 μ λ¬Έμ μ κΈ° 1
μ 2 μ μ°κ΅¬λͺ©μ λ° μμ 3
μ 2 μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½ 4
μ 1 μ μν΄μ€λΉνλκ³Ό μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ± 4
1. μν΄μ€λΉμ κ°λ
κ³Ό νν© 4
2. μν΄μ€λΉνλμ κ°λ
κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ μ°κ΅¬ 6
3. μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ κ°λ
κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ μ°κ΅¬ 11
μ 2 μ ν΅μ μμΉ 15
1. ν΅μ μμΉμ κ°λ
κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ μ°κ΅¬ 15
2. ν΅μ μμΉμ κ°κ³μ¬λ¬΄κ΄λ ¨ μ°κ΅¬ 18
μ 3 μ₯ μ°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ λ° μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ² 20
μ 1 μ μ°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ 20
μ 2 μ μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ² 21
1. μ°κ΅¬λͺ¨ν 21
2. λΆμμλ£ 22
3. μ‘°μ¬λμ 22
4. λ³μμ μ μ 24
5. λΆμλ°©λ² 36
μ 3 μ μ°κ΅¬λμμμ νΉμ± 37
1. μ°κ΅¬λμμμ μΈκ΅¬Β·μ¬ννμ νΉμ± 37
2. μ°κ΅¬λμμμ κ³ μ© κ΄λ ¨ νΉμ± 38
3. μ°κ΅¬λμμμ μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ± 39
μ 4 μ₯ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Ό 41
μ 1 μ μν΄κ°κ΅¬ κ°κ΅¬μ£Όμ ν΅μ μμΉ λ° κ°κ΅¬ νΉμ±μ λ°λ₯Έ ν΅μ μμΉμ μ°¨μ΄ λΆμ 41
1. μν΄κ°κ΅¬ κ°κ΅¬μ£Όμ ν΅μ μμΉ μμ€ 41
2. μν΄κ°κ΅¬ νΉμ±κ³Ό ν΅μ μμΉμ κ΄κ³ λΆμ 43
μ 2 μ μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ μν΄μ€λΉνλκ³Ό μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ± λΆμ 46
1. μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ μν΄μ€λΉνλκ³Ό μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ± μμ€ 46
2. μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ νΉμ±κ³Ό μν΄μ€λΉνλμ κ΄κ³ λΆμ 48
3. μν΄κ°κ΅¬μ νΉμ±κ³Ό μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ κ΄κ³ λΆμ 50
μ 3 μ μν΄μ€λΉνλκ³Ό μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ λν μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ±μ μν₯λ ₯ λΆμ 52
1. μν΄μ€λΉνλμ μ¬λ¬΄μ λ³μκ° λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯ 52
2. μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ μ¬λ¬΄μ λ³μκ° λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯ 54
μ 4 μ μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ±μ΄ μν΄μ€λΉνλ λ° μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ λν ν΅μ μμΉμ μ‘°μ ν¨κ³Ό λΆμ 56
1. μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ±μ΄ μν΄μ€λΉνλμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ λν ν΅μ μμΉμ μ‘°μ ν¨κ³Ό 56
2. μ¬λ¬΄μ νΉμ±μ΄ μν΄μκΈμΆ©λΆμ±μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ λν ν΅μ μμΉμ μ‘°μ ν¨κ³Ό 61
μ 5 μ₯ κ²°λ‘ λ° μ μΈ 64
μ 1 μ κ²°λ‘ 64
μ 2 μ ν¨μ λ° μ μΈ 67
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 71
Abstract 84Maste