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    ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์˜๋ก€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ตœ์ข…์„ฑ.This masters thesis aims to understand ritual characteristics of Catholic funeral rites in the 19th century Joseon dynasty. To this end, Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu (ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€), first book of the funeral ritual in the Joseon dynasty, is set as the main reference, and is comprehensively examined from the event caused by the introduction of the Catholic funeral to the publication of the ritual to the practice. In particular, it is noted how the understanding of the soul of Catholicism was accepted in the book and was expressed through ritual procedures. The Catholic funeral is compared with the Confucian funeral, which dominated the society at the time to capture the view of the soul and ritual changes brought by the Catholic funeral. With this comparison, this thesis examines how Korean Catholics recognized and accepted the new ritual at the time. First, the Jinsan Incident (1791), which caused the first persecution due to the conflict between Confucianism and Catholicism, was reviewed as the beginning of the Catholic funeral in Joseon. Focusing on the funeral methods practiced by Yoon Ji-chung and Kwon Sang-yeon, not the refusal of ancestral rites, Chapter โ…ก examines the annals of the Joseon dynasty and church history materials that describe the Jinsan Incident from the viewpoints of the state and the church, respectively. They held Yoon Ji-chungs mothers funeral, refraining from the etiquette prohibited by Catholicism. Importantly, the abolition of the ancestral tablet was a problematic act that could be the source of persecution while proving that the Catholic view of the afterlife was newly accepted, away from the existing perception that deads soul dwelled within a material place. After the Jinsan Incident, the catechisms read by the believers and the testimonies of them were reviewed together to capture the changes in the view of afterlife. Chapter โ…ข examines the publication and characteristics of Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu, which was published in 1865 and referred to Rituale Romanum and Seonggyo-Yegyu (ใ€Ž่–ๆ•Ž๏ฆถ่ฆใ€). Although a few differences are found among the liturgical books according to the situational condition, it is confirmed that the overall funeral procedures and prayers were consistent and had the same understanding of the soul separated from the body. The characteristics of Catholic funeral rites appearing in Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu are summarized in three points. First, the Catholic funeral is a ritual to help souls in purgatory. Second, the characteristics of criticizing secular customs, including Confucianism, stand out. Third, Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu emphasizes the ritual differentiation based on the doctrinal basis for the existing traditional ritual procedures. In Chapter โ…ฃ, Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu is compared with Sarae-Pyeonram (ใ€Žๅ››็ฆฎไพฟ่ฆฝใ€), which was published at the same time. The funeral is a rite of passage in that the soul of the dead enters the realm of death from life. In Section 1, the stages that the soul experiences, are compared. Based on this, Section 2 focuses on the differences in the way death was accepted and the ritual in each tradition. As a result, from the perspective of Catholicism aiming for the hope of the afterlife of resurrection, Cheonju-Seonggyo-Yegyu criticizes Confucian Gok-eup (ๅ“ญๆณฃ), and there are differences in the procedure for handling the body and the use of sacred things. Also, prayers, which can never be omitted from the ritual, are examined together. In the Confucian funeral, the object of prayer was the soul, whereas in Catholicism, a ritual change had occurred in that they asked saints to pray for the soul and prayed to God. Based on the discussion above, Chapter โ…ค analyzes the ritual practice of the Catholic funeral. Thus, the ritual characteristics of the funeral can be summarized as follows. Throughout the Catholic funeral, the character of trying to save the soul stands out, and for this, all believers become participants in the ritual. This is also related to the second characteristic in that this salvation of the souls is possible with the help of other believers. This was an expansion of personal salvation to the dimension of a religious community beyond kinship. Inaehoe (ไปๆ„›ๆœƒ) composed of lay believers, was established in 1882 by missionaries who entered Joseon after the Byeongin persecution (1866), and worked hard to help with the funerals. This funeral service activities for believers under the name of Yeonryenghoe (๏ฆ“้ˆๆœƒ) continues even today. The Catholic funeral in Joseon was a new etiquette with the introduction of Catholicism, but it was not a completely new form. Although it was critical of Confucianism and secular customs, the Catholic funeral tried to secure the legitimacy of the ritual as considering the situation of the times. This thesis is intended to discuss the ritual characteristics of the 19th century Catholic funeral but is focused on the ritual book as the next best way in that the ritual could not be restored. Nevertheless this thesis has an academic contribution for laying the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the premodern Joseon Catholic funeral and approaching the religious life of believers through the ritual.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์„  ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์„  ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ์ธ ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋นš์–ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰, ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์–‘์ƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ ๋‚ด์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ก€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์˜ํ˜ผ๊ด€๊ณผ ์˜๋ก€์  ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋˜ ์œ ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € โ…ก์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง„์‚ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(็ๅฑฑไบ‹ไปถ)์„ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์‹ ์ƒ์žฅ๋ก€ ์ดํ•ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ์‹œ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ƒ์ œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์œค์ง€์ถฉ(ๅฐนๆŒๅฟ , 1759~1791)๊ณผ ๊ถŒ์ƒ์—ฐ(ๆฌŠๅฐ™็„ถ, 1751~1791)์ด ์น˜๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฃผ์•ˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตํšŒ ์ธก์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง„์‚ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ก๊ณผ ๊ตํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ฃผ(็„šไธป)๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์˜ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ๋‚ด์„ธ๊ด€์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์ฆ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์˜ ํ™”๊ทผ์ด ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„์‚ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์„œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ธ๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„์‚ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ๋„๋“ค์ด ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ๋‚ด์„ธ๊ด€์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์–‘์‹์„ ๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ…ข์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ใ€Ž๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ(Rituale Romanum)ใ€์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ใ€Ž์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœ(่–ๆ•Ž๏ฆถ่ฆ)ใ€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ5๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„  ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ๊ต๊ตฌ์žฅ ๋‹ค๋ธ”๋คผ(Daveluy, 1818~1866) ์ฃผ๊ต์— ์˜ํ•ด 1865๋…„ ๋ชฉํŒ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ก€์ ˆ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์œก์‹ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ทœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋ก€๋ฌธ๋‹ต์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€๋Š” ์—ฐ์˜ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ก€์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์œ ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์„ธ์† ํ’์Šต์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜๋ก€ ์–‘์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ก€์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ต ์˜ˆ์‹์„ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ๊ต์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต์šฐ์œ„์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ…ฃ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ใ€Ž์‚ฌ๋ก€ํŽธ๋žŒ(ๅ››็ฆฎไพฟ่ฆฝ)ใ€์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์ƒ(็”Ÿ)์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ(ๆญป)์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ-์ „์ด-ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜๋ก€แ…Œแ…ต๋‹ค. 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์‹ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์œ ๊ต์˜ ํ˜ผ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์˜ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ƒ์— ์‚ฐ ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์€ ํ˜„์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ €์Šน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์„ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์„ธ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์œ ๊ต์˜ ๊ณก์(ๅ“ญๆณฃ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์˜๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ƒ๋žต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํ˜ผ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ก€์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ…ค์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ก€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ก€์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์›์ด ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์‹ ์•™ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์€ ๋ณ‘์ธ๋ฐ•ํ•ด(ไธ™ๅฏ…่ฟซๅฎณ) ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์— ์žฌ์ž…๊ตญํ•œ ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ก€๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์กฐ์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1882๋…„ ํ‰์‹ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ธ์• ํšŒ(ไปๆ„›ๆœƒ)๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ๊ต์šฐ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐ ํž˜์ผ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„๋Œ€์— ์—ฐ๋ นํšŒ(๏ฆ“้ˆๆœƒ)๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๋’ค์—๋„ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ด‰์‚ฌํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ž˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์„ธ์†์˜ ํ’์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์ •ํ†ต์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์‹์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณต์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์œ ๊ต ์˜ˆ์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์˜ˆ์‹์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจํ›„ ๋ถˆ๊ต๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์† ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ก€๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์˜ˆ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„  ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ก€๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์•™์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 12 โ…ก. ์กฐ์„  ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ „๋ž˜๊ธฐ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ 15 1. ์ง„์‚ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ 15 1) ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฆ์–ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก 16 2) ์‹ ์ฃผ์˜ ํ๊ธฐ: ์œ ๊ต ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์˜ ์ดํƒˆ 25 3) ์œ ๊ต์‹ ์ƒ๋ก€์—์„œ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์‹ ์ƒ๋ก€๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 28 2. ๋‚ด์„ธ๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 30 1) ๊ต๋ฆฌ์„œ์— ์„œ์ˆ ๋œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต 31 2) ๋‚ด์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ์–ธ 38 โ…ข. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰ 42 1. ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ๋“ค 42 1) ใ€Ž๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์‹์„œ(Rituale Romanum)ใ€ 43 2) ใ€Ž์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœ(่–ๆ•Ž๏ฆถ่ฆ)ใ€ 46 2. ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ 50 1) ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰ 51 2) ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹ 52 3. ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ํŠน์ง• 58 1) ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ œ 59 2) ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์„ธ์† ํ’์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ 66 3) ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 73 โ…ฃ.ใ€Ž์ฒœ์ฃผ์„ฑ๊ต์˜ˆ๊ทœใ€์™€ ใ€Ž์‚ฌ๋ก€ํŽธ๋žŒ(ๅ››็ฆฎไพฟ่ฆฝ)ใ€๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 79 1. ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ด๋™ 80 1) ์œ ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€์—์„œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ด๋™ 80 2) ์œ ๊ต์™€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€์—์„œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜๋ก€ 83 2. ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 91 1) ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„ 91 2) ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 99 โ…ค. ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ์‹ค์ฒœ 107 1. ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ˆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ก€์  ํŠน์„ฑ 107 2. ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ƒ๋ก€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์–‘์ƒ: ์žฅ๋ก€๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ 110 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  113 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 117 ๋ถ€๋ก[ํ‘œ 6, 7]์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ ํ˜„๋Œ€์–ด ํ‘œ๊ธฐ 121 Abstract 123์„

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    ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ ์ž„๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ์ง„๋ณดํ˜•.๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „์‹ ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ž„๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ(ๅญ็™Žๅ‰็—‡)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž„์‹  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ , ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ๋„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž„์‹  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ญํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋งŒ, ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ์ „ ๋น„๋งŒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด, ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณ‘์› ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์— ์ •๋ฐ€์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ˆ˜์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘๊ธฐ ์ž„๋ถ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ ์ž„๋ถ€ 328๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž… ์„ค๋ฌธ, ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ์–‘ ํ‰๊ฐ€์šฉ ์น˜์€์—ด๊ตฌ์•ก ์ฑ„์ทจ ๋ฐ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์กฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ๋ ฅ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํ›„, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ž„์‹  ์ „ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์ž„๋ถ€๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ž„๋ถ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 4.04๋ฐฐ(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„: 2.07-7.89) ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ๋งŒ 35์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž„๋ถ€๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ž„์‹  ์ „ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ž„๋ถ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด Porphyromonas gingivalis์˜ ์–‘์ด 2.88๋ฐฐ(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„: 1.01-8.20) ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ธ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž„๋ถ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 5.56๋ฐฐ(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„: 1.22-25.39) ๋†’์•„์กŒ๊ณ , ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž„๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 15.94๋ฐฐ(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„: 3.31-76.71) ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž„์‹  ์ „ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์ž„๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์— ์ดํ™˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 2 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 8 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž„์‹ ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ 11 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ ๋ฐ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž„์‹  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 14 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 18 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 22 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 29 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ์–‘์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 36 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๊ฐ„์ „์ฆ์— ์ดํ™˜๋œ ์ž„๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 42 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ  ์•ˆ 50 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  61 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 63 Abstract 78Docto

    A Study on Childโ€friendly Neighborhood Environment Composition through Participation of Elementary School Students : Focusing on Students in Mia Elementary School in Gireumโ€dong, Seongbukโ€gu

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ง„.๋„์‹œํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์™€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, 2025๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์•„๋™์˜ ์•ฝ 60%๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ „๋ง๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์•  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์•„๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์œ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด์ž ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•„๋™๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์„ฑ์žฅํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ, ์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„์™€ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ถ์€ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์Ÿ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž„์—๋„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋™ํ•™์„ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ™œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š”๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ด์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™” ๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์Œ๋™ ๋ฏธ์•„์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ์•ž์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์•„์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ 42๋ช…๊ณผ 5ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 170๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํˆด(tool)๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ก€์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ๋ฏธ์•„์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 24๋ช…(๋‚จ์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12๋ช…์”ฉ)๊ณผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค(๊ทผ๋ฆฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋„ค์˜ ๋†€์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์•ˆ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ๋งต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ์ƒํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๋™๋„ค ์ง€๋„์— ๋งตํ•‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์†Œ๊ฐ ์ ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹คยท๋‚ด์™ธ ๋†€์ด ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ํ•™๊ต์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์ง‘๊ณผ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋†€์ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋„ค์— ๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ €์Šคํฌ์ธ ์š”์†Œ, ์ž์—ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์š”์†Œ, ๋น„์ผ์ƒ์  ๋†€์ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์š”์†Œ, ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์š”์†Œ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ํ†ตํ•™๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๋„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ฐฉ์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ต์œก๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์ „ ์•„๋ž˜, ๋ฏผ๊ด€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์˜ํšŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์—, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ยท๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ๋‹ต์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋žต๋œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ํ™œ๋™ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด์ž ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.Because of acceleration of urbanization and continuous increase of population in city area, it is estimated that about 60% of children in the world will live in city areas by 2025. From the perspective of life development of human beings, childhood is important period when constant development and growth are made. To children who develop themselves through multifaceted searches and experiences in neighborhood environments, urban environments are important growth background and elements. In particular, elementary school students have explosive development in motor capabilities and social emotional capabilities as well as establishment of selfโ€concept. Therefore all physical and social growth environments that children contact in this period should be diversely analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of children, and improvement efforts of communities are required. In this context, various international organizations such as UNICEF and UNESCO make various efforts to compose Childโ€friendly cities where children can live happy life ultimately. Accordingly, this study tries to review childโ€friendly cities which have not been studied sufficiently even though it has been one of important international issues, and tries to make Neighborhood environmentclosely related with life environments of children childโ€friendly. To do this, we reviewed literature regarding the concept of childโ€friendly cities and children's participation and a practical study was performed on students in Mia Elementary School in Kileumโ€dong, Seongbukโ€gu where childโ€friendly city building is actively performed. After literature review, we performed a survey on local residents and hosted a workshop for children. To identify perceptions of local residents on childโ€friendliness of neighborhood environments before establish childโ€friendly neighborhood environments, a survey was performed on 42 parents and 170 Grade 5 students in Mia Elementary School. For questionnaires, Assessment Database Tools in related literature were referred to, and major results of the survey can be summarized as followsFirst, both of parents and children answered that social participation environments for children were not prepared well. Average score of social participation environments was remarkably lower than score of play, leisure, safety, protection, and school and educational environments. Second, there were many parents who did not know ordinances to compose childโ€friendly cities in Seongbukโ€gu and children related projects in the dimension of Gu. Third, there was high percentage of answers that they would actively consider their children's participation if there were activities, educational programs or children's participation organizations for the composition of childโ€friendly neighborhood environments. The workshop was performed with 24 Grade 5 elementary school students in Mia Elementary School (12 males and 12 females) under the theme of 'Our Neighborhood.' The purpose of the workshop was to think of playground and roads that children use and to find improvements. In the workshop, mindโ€map drawing, imaginary painting drawing, mapping to neighborhood map and impression writing activities were made considering the eye level of children. The followings are the summary of major results of the workshop. First, it was found that the space where indoor and outdoor activities of children are made at the most was school and then home and playground followed. Second, children wished that new and fresh rides would be equipped in the neighborhood. Leisure sports elements, natural space elements, extraordinary playground elements, and sports space elements followed as next wishes. Third, roads that children mainly pass in the neighborhood were commuting roads. Children knew the problems in safety and hygiene in the neighborhood of their school, and had strong will to improve them. Finally, it was found that their attachment to their neighborhood got stronger through the workshop and they expressed the opinion that they would like to participate in the workshop again if given. Based on the study results, the following proposals were made to compose childโ€friendly neighborhood environments. Currently, Seongbukโ€gu propels practical policy tasks and detailed businesses through publicโ€private governance system with the vision of 'An educational city where children are happy.' Such plans should be performed more systematically at stages rather than formative and ineffective practice. First of all, we need to survey the perception of local residents to judge the level of childโ€friendliness of each area in Seongbukโ€gu as performed in this study. Therefore, we need to develop more elaborate survey questionnaires for the perception survey. Additionally, we need to provide an exit so that children can express their opinions more freely who should perform important roles in the creation of urban environments. Thus, children's council should be activated. With this, children in all areas should be provided with opportunity of environmental education which will help them to understand their rights and urban environments. This study is meaningful in that it searched for the possibility of childโ€friendly neighborhood environments through participation of children by illuminating the relationship between children and their major living space such as neighborhood environments and hosting a workshop with children. With social flow of today where resident participation type urbanization plan based on cooperative governance is a trend, the necessity of social participation activities of children who will grow up to be members of the future society becomes more important. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can be a model case and a manual to be referred to in planning a childโ€friendly city space through children's participation. This study has a few limitations. First, questions asking the level of childโ€friendliness in the survey questionnaires are somewhat general. Second, it could not listen to diverse opinions of children in various ages as it limited the participants of the workshop as Grade 5 elementary school students. Third, the participations process of children were carried out in the short term and explorations of local community environments were mainly conducted as indoor activities. It is hoped that further studies will supplement these limitations to make studies more effective.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ๋ฆ„ 5 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 ์ œ2์žฅ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์•„๋™ ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ(Child-Friendly City)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 9 1. ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ก  9 2. ์•„๋™๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 11 3. ์•„๋™ ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ(Child-Friendly City, CFC)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 12 4. ์•„๋™ ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 15 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš 23 1. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋… 23 2. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš 24 3. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš 25 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 29 1. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 29 2. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ 30 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  31 ์ œ3์žฅ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๊ณ„ํš 33 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ 33 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 33 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ผ๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 36 3. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ผ๋Œ€ ์ด์Šˆ ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ์‚ฌ์—… 39 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 43 1. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  43 2. ์„ค๋ฌธ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 43 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 44 1. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ์ • 49 2. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ผ์ • 50 ์ œ4์žฅ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 54 1. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 54 2. ์•„๋™ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 56 3. ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 63 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 72 1. 1์ฐจ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 72 2. 2์ฐจ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 84 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”์  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 93 1. ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 93 2. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ์•ˆ 95 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 97 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 101 ๋ถ€๋ก 107 Abstract 124Maste

    ์˜์•„๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฑธ์Œ๋งˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ„ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ: ์—„๋งˆ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊ณฝ๊ธˆ์ฃผ.Most studies have focused on the direct association between infant temperament and their behavior problems in toddlerhood. Even though abundant work on the relation between temperament and the development of behavior problems exists, many of them do not consider fine-grained approach. Furthermore, there is limited existing literature on moderating effects of maternal behaviors on these fine-grained infant temperament traits in predicting toddler behavior problemsthus, the information on specific paths of behavior problems in the development has been overlooked, and implications for these issues also have been limited. Therefore, the present study examined role of each fine-grained temperamental dimension in the development of toddler behavior problems. Additionally, this study also subdivided behavior problems into externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. This approach provides a deeper understanding of specific developmental paths in behavior problems. Notably, the current study demonstrated the mechanism how a given infant temperament can be moderated by a certain maternal behavior during the mother-infant interaction to affect the development of toddler externalizing and internalizing behavior problemsthus, the moderating effects of maternal behaviors on the association between fine-grained infant temperament and toddler behavior problems were examined in a sample of 83 Korean infants (35 males, 39 females). Infant Temperament was measured by the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) at 12 months. Maternal behaviors were observed during the mother-infant free play interaction and were coded with Caregiver-Child Affect, Responsiveness, and Engagement Scale (C-CARES) when infants were 12 months old. Lastly, toddlers behavior problems were assessed by maternal reports of the Toddler Behavior Checklist (TBC) at 18 months. Results indicated the main effects of infant temperament on toddler externalizing behavior problems. Temperamentally more sad infants at 12 months exhibited more externalizing behavior problems. Infants who were more active and approachable also showed more externalizing problems later. Infant soothability and cuddliness also negatively associated with toddler externalizing problems. The findings also evidenced direct relations between infant temperament and internalizing behavior problems at 18 months. Temperamentally more fearful infants had more internalizing problems when they became toddlers, while infants who scored high in smiling/ laughter, duration of orienting, soothability and cuddliness demonstrated less internalizing problems in toddlerhood. There were also significant moderating effects of maternal behaviors on the relation between infant temperament and toddler behavior problems. For externalizing problems, the effects of infant activity level and soothability was varied by maternal responsive behaviors. As a function of maternal negative behaviors, infant negative emotionality, fear and low intensity pleasure differentially predicted the development of toddler externalizing problem behaviors. Maternal intrusive behaviors also moderated the effects of infant distress to limitation and activity levels in relation to the externalizing problems. For toddler internalizing behavior problems, maternal responsive behavior functioned as moderators in the association between infant fear and internalizing problems as well as in the relation between infant low intensity pleasure and internalizing behaviors. Maternal negativity also moderated infant fear and toddler internalizing behavior problems. Additionally, the effects of infant soothability also differentially predicted the development of toddler internalizing behavior problems as a function of maternal intrusive behaviors. The current study showed various fine-grained temperamental dimensions differently predicted toddler externalizing and internalizing behavior problems longitudinally. These findings demonstrated different functions of sub-dimensions of infant temperament on toddler behavior and emphasize the necessity of fine-grained approach on temperament. Furthermore, the present study evidenced the moderating effects of various maternal behaviors. The results suggested that a certain maternal behavior or a certain temperament is not always related to the best or the worst developmental results. Instead, various infant temperament can vary by different maternal behaviors in predicting the development of toddler behavior problems. Taken together, the current study explored more specific developmental paths of toddler behavior problems in relation to various infant temperament and maternal behaviors during infancy. These findings may allow researchers and parents to identify infants at risk by assessing their fine-grained temperament and to intervene between infant temperament and toddler behavior problem via appropriate maternal behaviors depending on infants specific temperament. Further explanations for the results and limitations are discussed later in the paper.Introduction 1 Behavior Problems in Toddlerhood 3 Infant Temperament 5 Maternal Behaviors during the Mother-Infant Interaction as a Moderator 13 The Current Study 19 Method 23 Participants 23 Procedures and Measures 24 Results 32 Means and Standard Deviations: Infant Temperament, Maternal Behaviors and Toddler Behavior Problems 33 The Relationship among Infant Temperament, Maternal Behaviors and Toddler Behavior Problems 36 The Main Effects of Infant Temperament on Toddler Behavior Problems 43 Maternal Behaviors as Moderators in the Relation between Infant Temperament and Toddler Behavior Problems 48 Discussion 66 Infant Temperament and Behavior Problems in Toddlerhood 67 The Role of Maternal Behaviors: The Moderating Effects of Maternal Behaviors on the Relation between Infant Temperament and Toddler Behavior Problems 72 Limitations, Implications and Future Research 78 References 81 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 93Maste

    (The) factors affecting resource use time of patients in hospitals for the aged : focusing on the symptoms of depression : ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณต์ง€๋ฒ•์— ๋…ธ์ธ์ „๋ฌธ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ 68๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์‘ํ•ด์ค€ 22๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  20๊ฐœ, ๋…ธ์ธ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž 1,977๋ช…์„ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ 4๊ฐœ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ 5๊ฐœ, ์ถฉ๋ถ 1๊ฐœ, ์ถฉ๋‚จ 2๊ฐœ, ๊ฒฝ๋ถ 3๊ฐœ, ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ 3๊ฐœ, ์ „๋ถ 2๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘์ƒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 56๏ฝž314๋ณ‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€(253.9ยฑ118.5) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ/์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฉดํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€(260.4ยฑ118.2)๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์Šฌํ”„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐ, ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ์šธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€(262.1ยฑ116.6) ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ €ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ„์ถ•์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€(252.0ยฑ118.2) ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜, ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์šฐ์šธ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 1-3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด(259.77ยฑ121.60) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์™€ 4๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ž์›๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ •์„œ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐ, ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค.์ด๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—์„œ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—์„œ ์ž์›์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]This study was conducted on 1,977 patients at 20 hospitals for the aged out of 22 which agreed to participate in the survey, among 68 institutions registered as a care hospital under the Medical Law and hospitals for the aged under the Elderly Welfare Act nationwide in Korea, except hospitals with insufficient data. The participating hospitals consisted of 4 in Metropolitan cities, 5 in Gyeonggi-do, 1 in Chungbuk, 2 in Chungnam, 3 in Gyeongbook, 3 in Gyeongnam, and 2 in Jeonbuk, with 56 to 314 beds. Major findings are as follows;In regard to resource utilization time for depression, most participants (253.9ยฑ118.5) were found not to express health problems in linguistic expressions of emotional pain. In the sleep cycle, many participants (260.4ยฑ118.2) exhibited changes in insomnia/daily sleep patterns. The larger number of participants (262.1ยฑ116.6) was found to cry or weep when they felt sad, insensible, or worrisome, while more participants (252.0ยฑ118.2) showed no contraction from what they were doing with interest, in light of decreased interest. In terms of verbal expressions about health problems, resource utilization time as a communication to express complaints was considered much. In case of expressing depression through activities or communications, resource utilization time was more, while it was smaller for expressing depression symptoms via moods or facial expressions.In connection to resource utilization time by depression numbers, those participants with 1-3 depression numbers were highest in resource utilization time (259.77ยฑ121.60). Those with no depression number or 4 or more were found to have less resource utilization time, which implies medical resource distribution was not properly made in relation to resource utilization time by depression numbers.This study has an implication that resource utilization time was different by item of depression symptoms, in resource utilization time by depression symptoms among other things. While resource utilization time was higher in the items such as linguistic expression of emotional pain and decreased interest, resource utilization time of participants with depression symptoms was rather lower in sleep cycle, when they felt sad, insensible, or worrisome.Such results mean that resource utilization time was higher in the participants who expressed depression symptoms directly or through behavioral changes, while it was lower in those who expressed indirectly.ope

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ,2007.Maste

    Effects of a Multimodal Approach to Food Art Therapy on People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์œค์ฃผ์˜.์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ์น˜๋งค ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์• ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜๋งค๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„ ์น˜๋งค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ์  ์ค‘์žฌ๋กœ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์  ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Lazarus์˜ multimodal framework์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 12ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋‹น 120๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์  ๋‚ด์žฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ ์ „ํ›„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(์šฐ์šธ, ์ž๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ), ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„-์ถ”ํ›„(4์ฃผํ›„) ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ • ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, 9๋ช…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ โ—ฏโ—ฏ๊ตฌ ์น˜๋งค์•ˆ์‹ฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 19๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 20๋ช…์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ์ด 39๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ์ฃผ 3ํšŒ๊ฐ„ ์ด 12ํšŒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(F = 4.04, P = 0.027), ์ž๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(F = 3.34, P = 0.041) ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(F = 3.37, P = 0.040)์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„๊ตฌ์  ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(F = 1.54, P = 0.220)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(F = 1.18, P = 0.312)์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ • ์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌํ›„์— ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„ ์ ์ˆ˜(์‚ฌํ›„, ์ถ”ํ›„)์™€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜(์‚ฌํ›„)๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์งํ›„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™, ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์น˜๋งค ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Food art therapy (FAT) has multiple modalities in which cognition, emotion, and social changes are stimulated. The aim of this study was to design a multimodal approach to food art therapy (MM-FAT) program and identify its effects in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia (MD) by employing a mixed methods research design. A total of 39 participants with MCI or MD were randomized into either intervention (n = 20) or usual-care groups (n = 19). The intervention group received 12 MM-FAT sessions 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The program was evaluated by its effectiveness on cognitive, daily living, emotional, and social functioning outcome measures at baseline, post intervention and 1-month follow-up using repeated measures analysis of variance. Semi-structured interviews (n = 9) were conducted to evaluate the overall experience of the MM-FAT program and its outcomes. The findings reveal that MM-FAT has a positive effect on the cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of individuals with MCI and MD. However, there were no enhancements in individualsโ€™ daily living functioning, and the lasting effects of the intervention could not be assessed. Cognition and depression increased significantly at the end of the MM-FAT program. Self-expression and self-efficacy were significantly higher in the MM-FAT group than in the control group. The semi-structured interviews revealed improvements in participantsโ€™ behavior, communication, and interaction. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was able to enrich the effects of MM-FAT on cognitive, emotional, and social functioning through qualitative findings.โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜ 7 1) ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  8 2) ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์น˜๋งค 11 2. ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์น˜๋งค ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ 14 1) ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ์  ์ค‘์žฌ 14 2) ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ 17 3. ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ 22 1) ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 22 2) ํ‘ธ๋“œ์•„ํŠธํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 โ…ข. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 28 1. ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ์ด๋ก  28 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 31 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค 34๋ฐ•

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