Association between daily protein intake and cardiometabolic risk factors and metablic syndrome in Korean elderly women: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009~2013

Background: The Rrecommended daily aAllowances (RDA) of for protein is increasing in recent studieshas increased in recent studies. However, virtual protein intake is lower than the RDA in the majority of Korean elderly Korean women. ObjectPurpose: This study was performed to evalauate the relationship between protein intake, and cardiometabolic risk factors, and metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly Korean women group. Methods: This study used the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey administered from for 5years in 2009~2013. We performed multivariate analysis for on the association of between protein intake with and cardiometabolic risk factors including body weight, weight circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL. We controlled for age, physical activity, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, total fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Then weWe then performed logistic regression analysis to study of the associateion with metabolic syndrometo assess association with metabolic syndrome. Results: Protein intake was inversely associated with BMI and, weight circumference, ,whereas a positive association was observed between protein intake and HDL cholesterol, especially in the normal weight group. Protein intake also haswas also association associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: In this study, protein intake is was related associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome. We recommend sufficient protain protein intake in elderly women to decrease cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome.ope

Association between Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Korean Adults of Age 30 Years and Older without Diabetes, Hypertension, Renal Failure, or Overt Proteinuria: The 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria and obesity markers are known risk factors for cardiovascular or renal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria according to body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity criteria. METHODS: The study subjects included 3,979 individuals aged 30 years or older who did not have diabetes, hypertension, renal failure, or overt proteinuria, from among those who participated in The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013, a cross-sectional, nationally representative, stratified survey. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g. BMI and waist circumference were classified according to the Asia-Pacific criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 5.1%. In the normoalbuminuria group, 3.4%, 41.7%, 24%, 27.6%, and 3.2% of participants were included in the underweight, normal, overweight, obesity 1, and obesity 2 groups, respectively. These percentages in the microalbuminuria group were 7.1%, 34.5%, 19.2%, 28.6%, and 10.6%, respectively (P<0.001). The waist circumference in men was 21.4% in the normoalbuminuria group and 36.5% in the microalbuminuria group (P=0.004). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the presence of microalbuminuria and BMI or waist circumference groups. The risk of microalbuminuria was significant only in the underweight group (odds ratio, 13.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.55-68.63; P=0.002) after adjusting for confounding factors, abdominal obesity was not significantly associated with microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in a general population in Korea was associated with underweight in men and was not associated with waist circumference in either men or women.ope

Association between sleep duration and bone mineral density density in Korean adults over 18years old: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010

Background: Sleep duration is associated with many diseases, yet few studies have been performed on the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density(BMD) in Korea. In this study we investigated the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density in adults over 18 years of age. Methods: Subjects of this study were adults over 18 years of age who responded to a questionnaire on sleep duration and underwent BMD measurement by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Comprehensive data on the study sample was obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KHANES) conducted in 2010. Age- and sex-stratified multiple regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for possible confounding factors. Results: There was an inverse, dose-dependent association between sleep duration and BMD measured in the total femur, femur neck, lumbar spine and total bone in both women over 50 years of age and men between 30 and 49 years of age. Sex-stratified multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index revealed a negative correlation between sleep duration and BMD in the total femur and femur neck in both genders over 50 years of age, as well as in women between ages 30 and 49. Initial significance disappeared after adjustment for additional covariates including smoking, alcohol, and exercise. Conclusion: Significant variations in regional BMD with sleep duration were observed among women and men between ages 30 and 49. Prolonged sleep duration appears to be a risk factor for low bone mineral density. Thus, adequate sleep duration is important for preventing osteoporosisope

(A) Study on the Effect of Type of Instructional Control in Word identification CAI for the Children with mental retardation

최근 특수교육에서의 컴퓨터 보조학습의 적용 및 효율성에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있는 가운데 컴퓨터의 활용방안과 함께, 프로그램의 질에 대한 다각적인 연구가 요구되고 있다. 컴퓨터 보조학습 프로그램 설계에서 핵심적인 변인 중의 하나인 &amp;apos;학습계열에 대한 통제권을 누구에게 줄 것인가&amp;apos;에 대한 논의는 전통적인 수업에서부터 계속되어 왔다. 학습자에게 자신이 학습의 주체로서 능동적인 학습을 하도록 유도하는 학습자 통제가 강조되어 왔으나, 지금까지 진행된 학습통제에 대한 대부분의 연구들은 뚜렷한 유형의 효과를 밝혀내지 못하고 있으며, 학습자의 개인변인과 학습과제의 변인에 따라서도 다른 효과를 가져 왔다. 이에 특수아동의 특성에 적합한 학습통제 유형에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다. 이러한 필요성에 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신지체아동을 위한 단어판별 컴퓨터 보조학습에 있어서 적합한 학습통제 유형을 알아보고자, 학습계열에 대한 프로그램 통제 CAI를 받은 집단과 학습자 통제 CAI를 적용한 집단과의 학업수행에 있어서 효과를 비교하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 선정된 특수학교 재학중인 20명의 중등도 정신지체 학생은 각각 10명씩 두집단으로 나뉘어 20개의 일견단어를 각 학습통제 유형별로 컴퓨터 보조학습을 하였다. 매 20분씩 12회기의 중재 이후, 별도로 제작된 평가 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 단어판별의 정답반응 수와 정답반응 시간을 사후 평가하였으며, 1주일 후에 파지도를 측정하였다. 실험처치 후의 효과를 비교하기 위해서 두 집단의 정답반응 수와 정답반응 시간의 사전사후 차의 차를 t 검증하였고, 파지도를 비교하기 위해서 두 집단의 평균 정답반응수와 평균 정답반응 시간의 차이를 t검증하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 단어판별 CAI 프로그램을 실시한 후, 정답반응 수에 대하여 프로그램 통제를 적용한 집단이 학습자 통제를 적용한 집단보다 유의하게 증가하였다. 2. 단어판별 CAI 프로그램을 실시한 후, 정답반응 시간에 대하여 프로그램 통제를 적용한 집단이 학습자 통제를 적용한 집단에 비해 더 감소하였으나, 두 집단간의 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 3. 실험완료 1주일 후의 파지검사에서 프로그램 통제를 적용한 집단과 학습자 통제를 적용한 집단간에는 정답반응 수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 실험완료 1주일 후의 파지검사에서 프로그램 통제를 적용한 집단과 학습자 통제를 적용한 집단간에는 정답반응 시간에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 정신지체 학생의 단어판별 자동화를 획득하기 위한 반복연습형 CAI 프로그램의 학습통제 유형은 프로그램 통제가 학습자 통제에 비해 높은 수행을 가져오는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 정신지체 학생을 위한 단어판별 CAI의 학습통제는 학습자 통제보다 프로그램 통제가 더 효과적이라고 하겠다. 이는 정신지체 학생을 대상으로 한 CAI프로그램 개발을 위해서는 개발자가 대상자의 특성과 수행 정도를 보다 더 고려하여 설계해야 됨을 시사한다.;Learning control has been a major research topic in Computer assisted instruction(CA1) as well as in traditional teaching and learning. With regard to determimg learning control in CAI, it is important to consider the characteristics of the learners and learning tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative the effectiveness of learner control and program control of sequence in CAI on achievement of students with mental retardation. The CAI in this study was drill and practice mode for children with mental retardation to develop automacity of sight word identification. To achieve these purposes, 20 subjects were selected from elementary students with moderate mental retardation divided into two groups: the one were assigned to the program control condition and the other to the learner control condition. After 12 sessions, comparison of word identification skill between the two groups were made with respect to mean score of correct responses and mean score of correct response time and the retention test was administered 1 week after the last session. The data were analyzed by t-test. The study concluded are the following: 1. Significant difference was found between the learner control group and the program control group in correct response number on the post-test. 2. No Significant difference was found between learner control group and program control group in correct response time on the post-test. The program control group achieved more than learner control group in the speed of correct response, but there is no statistically significant difference between the two types of learning control groups. 3 Significant difference was found between the learner control group and the program control group in correct response number on the retention test. 4 Significant difference was found between the learner control group and the program control group in correct response time on the retention test.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅶ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구문제 = 4 C. 용어 정의 = 5 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 7 A. 정신지체아동의 단어 판별을 위한 컴퓨터 보조학습 = 7 B. 컴퓨터 보조학습에서의 학습통제의 개념 및 적용 = 10 1. 학습통제의 개념 = 10 2. 학습계열에 대한 학습통제 = 12 C. 컴퓨터 보조학습의 학습계열에 대한 학습통제를 적용한 선행연구 = 15 1. 학습통제 유형에 따른 효과 연구 = 15 2. 학습통제와 개인변인과의 상호작용에 관한 연구 = 19 3. 학습통제 유형을 결정할 때의 고려점 = 21 Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 절차 = 25 A. 연구대상 = 25 B. 실험 도구 = 27 C. 실험기간 및 실험절차 = 39 D. 결과처리 = 42 Ⅳ. 연구 결과 = 43 Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 = 50 A. 논의 = 50 B. 제한점 = 54 C. 제언 = 55 참고문헌 = 57 부록 = 70 ABSTRACT = 7

Bi-level high flow system (Bi-flow) : An exploratory clinical trial for healthy subjects and hypoxemic respiratory failure patients

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices are widely used for oxygen supplementation. However, it supplies the same flow rate during inspiration and expiration, causing turbulence and increased respiratory resistance in the nasopharynx during expiration, leading to patient discomfort. We developed a bi-level high-flow system (Bi-flow) to improve this problem, providing additional flow during inspiration. Objective: We investigated the physiologic effects of applying Bi-flow in healthy individuals and patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and compared it with conventional HFNC (Uniflow) usage. Methods: For healthy individuals, Uniflow (U30, U40, U50) and Bi-flow (basal flow 10, 20, 30L/min) modes were randomly assigned. Each mode varied the [inspiration/expiration rate] by increasing additional flow during inspiration, as follows: 30/10, 30/20, 40/10, 40/20, 40/30, 50/20, 50/30 trials. Physiologic data (respiratory rate, heart rate, transcutaneous CO2, modified Borg scale) and lung volume (monitored through Electrical Impedance Tomography-EIT) were recorded. Nasal pressure- time product (N-PTP) was calculated as a surrogate marker for work of breathing (WOB). In the hypoxemic patient’s study, Uniflow and Bi-flow modes (BF25, BF50, BF75) were randomly allocated. Bi-flow mode maintained the same inspiratory flow as Uniflow, but supplied a portion of the total flow as additional flow (in percentage). The four modes were compared by analyzing patients’ ROX index (the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry/FiO2 to respiratory rate), lung volume, and N-PTP. Results: The healthy individual’s study included twelve healthy individuals. When Bi-flow was applied, a reduction in respiratory rates was observed compared with natural breathing. Additionally, a decrease in inspiratory and expiration N-PTP was noted with Bi-flow. For the 24 patients with hypoxic respiratory failure, there were no significant differences in the ROX index (UF: BF25: BF50: BF75; 13.2: 13.7: 13.4 13.9; p=0.98). However, there was a slight decrease in inspiratory N-PTP in the Bi- flow modes (UF: BF25: BF50: BF75; 11.2: 8.4: 6.0: 9.9; p=0.03). Lung volume data monitored through EIT did not show any significant statistical differences. Conclusion: We applied Bi-flow to healthy individuals and patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, and the results showed a partial decrease in N-PTP, a proxy of work of breathing. Furthermore, no significant adverse effects were observed. (KCT0006100, KCT0007352)Docto