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    ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ๊น€๋ด‰ํ™˜.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ ์  ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ถ”์ง„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ ์ธ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ์œจ์  ์šด์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” 93๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ง€์‚ฌ๋‹จ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” 93๊ฐœ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ 4๊ฐœ๋…„๊ฐ„(2008โˆผ2011)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹นํ•ด์—ฐ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์—…์†์ต ๋“ฑ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ์™€, ์ง€์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก (-)์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ ์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 3๋…„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์‹ค์ ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ž„ ์ฒซํ•ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„์ˆ˜์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ 3๋…„์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๋ฃจํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋…„๋Œ€๋น„ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์†์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฑ…์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‹นํ•ด์—ฐ๋„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„์ˆ˜์ฃผ์‹ค์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ‘์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‚ฌ ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์™€์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜„์ง€ ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ž„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 3๋…„ ์ •๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ํ•™์—ฐ, ์ง€์—ฐ, ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 4 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  10 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  14 1. ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 14 2. ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 3. ์กฐ์ง๊ทœ๋ชจํ™” ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 4. ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 1. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์—…๋ฌด 23 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๊ณ„ 23 3. ์ง€์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ง€์œ„์™€ ์—ญํ•  26 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ํฌ๊ด„๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ 28 1. ํฌ๊ด„๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… 28 2. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ 29 3. ์ง€์—ญ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 31 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ค์ • 34 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 34 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค์ • 37 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ค์ • 40 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 40 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 45 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 45 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 46 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-test ๋ถ„์„ 48 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 50 1. ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 50 2. ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 51 3. ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 59 4. ์—ฐ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 63 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  66 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 66 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 68 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 69 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 71 Abstract 76Maste

    A Study on the Relationships among Korea Collegiate Essential Skills Assessment, Self-efficacy, and Clinical Practice Competency in Nursing Students

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€(K-CESA)๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ, ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ K-CESA ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์ง€์—ญ 1๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์‹ค์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 3, 4ํ•™๋…„ ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ 135๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต, ์ž์›์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ, ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ด 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต, ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 48.90~51.60, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ 2.98~3.72, ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ 3.47~4.10์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์€ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ K-CESA๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among nursing students' essential skills (K-CESA), self-efficacy, and clinical practice competency of nursing students. A total of 135 nursing students were surveyed, and data were collected from July 7 to August 11. According to the results, K-CESA consists of six different sub-areas (self-management, human relations, resource & information use, global competency, communication, and higher order thinking). Clinical competency consists of five different sub-areas such as 'nursing process', 'nursing skills', 'teaching and cooperation', 'professional development', and 'communication'. The mean score for essential skill (K-CESA) was from 48.90 to 51.83, and from 3.47 to 4.10 for clinical competency. Also, the professional development area resulted in the highest score of clinical practice competency. Positive correlation was found in clinical practice competency with regard to self-management and human relationship of K-CESA. This study revealed that self-management and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing education is important in improving clinical competency

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ œ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์•ฝํ•™์ „๊ณต,2005.Maste

    Intramolecular amide enolate alkylation์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 7-membered ether ring์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ ์•ฝํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ however ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๋ฐ•์šฉ์˜ˆ.The present study investigates conjunctive adverbial (CA) however used in argumentative writing by native and nonnative students. Based on the function of however suggested by Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman (1999), this analysis further seeks to examine the semantic and pragmatic functions of however in argumentative writing. The data in the study comes from ICNALE (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English), using native writer corpus with 89,959 words and a subsection of nonnative especially Korean writer corpus that is divided into four sub-corpora based on their linguistic proficiency levels, all amounting to 135,199 words. To find out the usage of however, the study analyzes the distribution of contrast/concessive conjunctive markers along with the investigation of semantic and pragmatic functions of however and the positional distribution of however in the two groups. The analysis shows that of the contrast/concessive CAs observed, native and nonnative writers commonly use however in their writing. Notably, nonnative writers present a skewed tendency toward the use of however. An increase in the use of however and a decrease in the use of conjunction but are observed as the rise in linguistic proficiency levels of nonnative writers. As regards the uses of however, it is demonstrated to perform four functions: presenting the writers position in a topic sentence, expressing uncertainty and certainty, rejecting a previously made assumption, and displaying a contrast. To elaborate, presenting the writers position in a topic sentence is relevant to the structure of argumentative writing. Expressing uncertainty and certainty, rejecting a previously made assumption, and displaying a contrast are found to be performing based on the relationship within sentences. Some exceptional uses of however were classified in the group of others. In addition, the positional distribution of however reflects a preference of however in sentence-initial position from both groups, especially nonnative writers with a heavy dependence on the position which is most likely a result of textbooks used in classrooms. Sentence-medial positions of however often seem to occupy a frequent use before a coordinate clause in both groups. Finally, the relation of the positional distribution with the uses of however indicates that presenting the writers position in a topic sentence among others employs however predominantly in initial position rather than non-initial position. The findings of the current study reveal that however in argumentative writing does not only mark a contrast between propositions but serves several semantic and pragmatic functions that are pivotal in the argumentation of a text. It is shown that native and nonnative writers sometimes do make abrupt uses of however but such abruptness was more severe in nonnative writers argumentative writing. Also, the study emphasizes the need for learners to be exposed to other types of contrast/concessive CAs in order to diversify their CA use as well as various ways of positioning however. This indicates that they need to be taught the distinctive usage of CA from textbooks in EFL classrooms.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ(conjunctive adverbial) however ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman(1999)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ however ์˜ ์“ฐ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธยทํ™”์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(semantic and pragmatic function)์œผ๋กœ however ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English)์—์„œ ์ด 89,959 ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์™€ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„ค ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ์ด 135,199 ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. However ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ/์–‘๋ณด ์ ‘์† ํ‘œ์ง€(contrast/concessive conjunctive markers)์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด however ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜์  ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋Œ€์กฐ/์–‘๋ณด ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ however ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ however ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ however ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ(conjunction) but ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๋ฝ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. However ์˜ ์šฉ๋ก€๋Š”, ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐํž ๋•Œ, ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ, ์ด์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐํž ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ, ์ด์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ however ์˜ ์šฉ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, however ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด however ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ๋‘์— ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ however ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋“ฑ์œ„์ ˆ(coordinate clause) ์ด์ „์— ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์œ„์น˜์  ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ however ์˜ ์šฉ๋ก€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐํž ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ๋‘์— however ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ however ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์ œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ค‘์ถ”์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์ฆ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธยทํ™”์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋” however ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ์ฆ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ/์–‘๋ณด ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  however ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” EFL(English as a Foreign Language) ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Motivation and Background of the Thesis 1 1.2. Organization of the Thesis 4 Chapter 2: Previous Literature 5 2.1. Previous Studies on Conjunctive Adverbials 5 2.2. Previous Studies on Conjunctive Adverbials in L2 Writing 9 2.3. Conjunctive Adverbial However 13 2.3.1. Review on Adversative Conjunctive Adverbials 14 2.3.2. Semantic and Pragmatic Approaches on However 19 2.3.3. Sentential Position of However 23 2.4. The Uses of However in Writing 27 Chapter 3: Data and Methodology 30 3.1. Data Description 30 3.2. Methodology 33 Chapter 4: Analysis 35 4.1. The Distribution of Contrast/Concessive Conjunctive Markers 35 4.1.1. The Distribution of Contrast/Concessive Conjunctive Adverbials 35 4.1.2. The Distribution of Conjunction But 42 4.2. The Uses of However 47 4.2.1. Presenting the Writers Position in a Topic Sentence 48 4.2.2. Expressing Uncertainty and Certainty 51 4.2.3. Rejecting a Previously Made Assumption 53 4.2.4. Displaying a Contrast 56 4.2.5. Others 58 4.3. The Positional Distribution of However 64 Chapter 5: Conclusion 72 References 77 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 84 Acknowledgments 87Maste

    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ์šฉ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    Dept. of Nursing/๋ฐ•์‚ฌKnown for the relationship between low literacy and poor health outcomes, health literacy has recently emerged as a key concept in health care service studies. In Korea, studies to identify health literacy levels for adults have seen very limited research. Most widely used health literacy instruments are not available for Korean adults due to differences in language, health care systems, and cultural context. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a health literacy instrument that measures skills in understanding and using health-related information, and making informed health decision in Korean adults.The process of instrument development consisted of four phases: In phase 1, the conceptual framework was constructed based on the review of literature. The Korean Health Literacy Instrument (KHLI) was included three components designed to measure health literacy skills: (a) dimensions, (b) general literacy skills for tasks, and (c) health contexts. The dimensions consisted of functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. General literacy skills for tasks were categorized into prose, document, and numeracy. In addition, health contexts were categorized into health promotion, disease management, and health navigation. A total of 33 initial items were generated based on the conceptual framework of this study.In phase 2, content validity assessment was conducted by an expert panel, and the 33 items were reduced to 28 items based on the CVI results with cut point of .80. After a pilot study, the 28 items were reduced to 22 items because the results showed readability and formatting problems.Phase 3 consisted of a preliminary test and item analysis for revision. The 22 items were administered to a convenient sample of 292 adults from community and outpatient hospital settings. The average administration time was 25.45 minutes. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify a number of factors. Item analysis was conducted to estimate item difficulty and item discrimination for item revision and elimination. Therefore, 4 items of 22 items were deleted from KHLI because item discrimination index was fairly low scores.In phase 4, the final test was conducted with 315 adults aged 40-64 years from community and outpatient hospitals and clinics. The average administration time was 24.29 minutes. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity of the instrument, the unidimensionality, and then, a three-factor model was appropriately presented to the structure of the KHLI (RMSEA .036, CFI .959, and TLI .970). From the remaining 18 items, no items were eliminated. Overall, in this instrument, an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .82 and test-retest reliability was .89 indicating adequate stability. The reliability of the coefficient for each dimension ranged from .536 to .663. The mean score of the KHLI was 11.98 with a range of 0โ€“18 indicating the scores of health literacy skills. The 40-49 years adult group had a significantly higher score of health literacy than the 60-64 years adult age group (F=21.896, p = < .001). Also, respondents with high monthly household income and education had a significantly higher score of health literacy (F=5.510, p < .001). Health problems and health education were not associated as statistically significant with health literacy.In conclusion, KHLI was suitable for screening individuals who had limited health literacy skills. Based on the findings of this study, future studies should continue empirical investigations on the KHLI, its psychometric properties, and validation process.prohibitio

    Gaegurin 5์™€ LK ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis(doctors) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ œ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ(๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์•ฝํ•™์ „๊ณต),2009.8.Docto

    Structural Equation Modeling of the caregivers perception on the Quality of life of patients with Alzheimers disease and their caregivers

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ตœ์Šค๋ฏธ.์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘(Alzheimers disease, AD)์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์ด์ƒํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐœํ˜„, ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 2010๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„ 10์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฅ์•  ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์น˜๋งคํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ 211์Œ์˜ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ธก์ •์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ(QOL-AD) ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ WHOQOL-BREAF ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ฐ„์ด์ธ์ง€์ƒํƒœ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ(Mental State Examination, MMSE), ์ด์ƒํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ƒ์€ Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)๋ฅผ, ๋„๊ตฌ์  ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ Seoul-Instrumental ADL(S-IADL)์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ ์ธก์ •์€ Quality of relationship๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๋Š” Medical Outcomes Study์˜ Social Support์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” IBM SPSS 21.0๊ณผ Amos 18.0์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์ง์ ‘์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” X2/df=1.549์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ RMSEA=.051, RMR=2.546, GFI=.938, AGFI=.902, NFI=.938, RFI=.914, CFI=.977, TLI=.968์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ ํ•ฉ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ค‘ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด 76.5% ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด๊ณ (ฮฒ=1.231, p=.047), ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(ฮฒ=.332, p=.041)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€(ฮฒ=.526, p<.001)๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ, ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด 63.1% ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ(ฮฒ=.578, p=.008), ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ(ฮฒ=.464, p=.032)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(ฮฒ=.433, p=.028)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€(ฮฒ=.433, p=.036)๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 4 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 1. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ 9 2. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 15 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 22 1. ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 22 2. ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜• 23 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 25 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 28 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 28 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 29 4. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 36 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 6. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 38 โ…ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39 1. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 39 2. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ 41 3. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ 42 4. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜• 43 โ…ฅ. ๋…ผ์˜ 60 1. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ 61 2. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ 63 3. ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 65 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 70 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 72 ๋ถ€๋ก 90 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋™์˜์„œ 90 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ (์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์šฉ ํ™•์ธ์‚ฌํ•ญ) 92 3. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ 93 4. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ- ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์šฉ 94 5. ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ 95 6. ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ- ํ™˜์ž ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์šฉ 97 7. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 99 8. ์ด์ƒํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์ƒ 102 9. ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ 115 10. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€ 116 Abstract 118Docto

    (The) development of image distortion correction technique using 3-dimensional phantom

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    ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์™ธ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž์žฅ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ž์žฅ์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชธํ†ตํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  x, y, z์„ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ control point๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 3D ํŒฌํ…€์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ control point ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์— MRI ๋ณต๋ถ€์šฉ ํŒฌํ…€์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” AAPM๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŒฌํ…€์€ 2D๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 3D ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ํŒฌํ…€์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒฌํ…€์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด์ง„ 3DํŒฌํ…€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ, ์ฆ‰ control point๋ฅผ ๋šซ์–ด x,yํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œํŒ์„ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์ด์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘์–ด ์šฉ์•ก์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด z์ถ•์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™œ๊ณก์ง€๋„(distortion map)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ขŒํ‘œ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด์ •์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒฌํ…€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜์ƒ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” z์ถ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฉด์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ control point๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. control point๋Š” ์ด 10,108๊ฐœ(19ร—19ร—28)์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 80%์˜ point๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. z์ถ•์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2ํ”ฝ์…€์ด ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ xyํ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 6ํ”ฝ์…€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  z์ถ•์ƒ์—์„œ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ์˜์ƒ์˜ xy๋ณด์ •์„ ํ›„์— ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ • ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ํŒฌํ…€์˜ control point์ถ”์ถœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด์ •์€ x, y, z์„ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  z๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    ๋ฒค์  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ1,2,4-benzenetriol์˜ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Interphase FISH์™€ Micronucleus assay ํ™œ์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste
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