3种对虾的图像测量技术与人工测量方法的比较分析

对虾形态参数测量传统上使用游标卡尺,但误差较大。为提高对虾形态测量的智能化水平,实验录用图像测量技术测量凡纳滨对虾、日本囊对虾和刀额新对虾3个品种的体长、头胸甲长和头胸甲宽,所得结果与游标卡尺测量值比较。实验共测量对虾421尾,获得数据15 156个。基于Bland-Altman作图法和组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)开展2种测量方法的一致性评价和重复性评价。结果发现,(1)图像测量技术与游标卡尺测量结果的差值95%以上落在LoA范围内,且LOA CI在专业意义上可接受,说明二者一致性好;(2)图像测量技术对每尾对虾同一角度的识别结果一致;识别3个角度的ICC分别为0.996、 0.973、 0.957,与1名测量者用游标卡尺3次测量的ICC(ICC=0.997、0.980、0.965)无显著差异,但高于3名测量者(ICC=0.991、0.952、0.947),说明图像测量技术同一角度的重复性最佳;(3)图像测量技术识别同一角度的结果最接近假定真值,变异程度最小,相对误差分别为1.52%、2.37%、3.74%。研究表明,图像测量技术与游标卡尺一致性好,且重复性优于后者,具有非接触、测量快、适用广泛等特点,可代替游标卡尺应用于对虾形态参数测量之中。国家虾产业技术体系专项(CARS-48);;福建省科技厅重大专项(NO:2016NZ0001-4);;厦门海洋经济创新发展示范项目(16CZY009SF05);;厦门大学校长基金(20720170054)~

新型聚阴离子型正极材料的合成、结构表征及电化学性能

寻求廉价、安全、环境友好并具有高比能量的可充锂电池正极材料成为目前锂离子电池材料研究的热点之一。聚阴离子型正极材料(如:橄榄石型LiFePO_4材料)作为新一代锂离子电池正极材料引起了人们的广泛关注,给锂离子电池正极材料带来了安全、廉价、环境友好的希望,为动力及储能电池的发展提供一个很好的材料体系选择。硅酸盐材料(Li_2MSiO_4,M为金属元素)理国家自然科学基金委;; 国家重大基础研究计划973项目资

A review of inorganic solid electrolyte/electrode interface in all-solid-state lithium batteries

全固态锂电池有望较好地提高电池安全性并实现高的能量密度, 因此已成为二次锂电池发展的一个重要方向.; 发展具有高锂离子电导率、低电解质/电极界面阻抗及有较好应变性的固态电解质材料是全固态电池研究的重要研究课题. 如何有效构筑电解质/电极界面,; 提高界面稳定性并显著降低界面阻抗又是其中的难点之一.; 本文综述了近年来国际上比较关注的两种无机固体电解质--硫化物与石榴石(garnet)型氧化物的最新研究进展,; 重点对这两类固体电解质与正负极材料的界面特性进行总结与评述.All-solid-state lithium batteries have attracted great interest, due to; its potential to significantly improve battery safety and realize higher; energy density. A solid electrolyte with high Li-ion conductivity, a; small electrolyte/electrode (including cathode and anode interface); interfacial resistance and good strain tolerant is a key component in; all-solid-state lithium batteries. Rational design of efficient; electrolyte/electrode interfaces to improve the stability of interface; and significantly decrease the interfacial resistance is one of the key; challenges in enabling all-solid-state lithium batteries. This paper; reviews the state-of-the-art development of some solid electrolytes; which has received extensive attention, eg. sulfides and garnet type; oxides. Major issues associated with electrolyte/electrode interface of; these two type solid electrolytes are summarized and analyzed.国家自然科学基金; 国家重点基础研究发展计

FEC基电解液对高压正极材料Li2CoPO4F电化学性能的影响

本文研究了以氟代碳酸乙烯酯FEC（fluoroethylene carbonate）为共溶剂的电解液对高压正极材料Li2CoPO4F电化学性能的影响,与碳酸酯基电解液1 mol·L-1LiPF6EC/DMC=1:1（m:m）相比,1 mol·L-1LiPF6FEC/DMC=1:1（m:m）可显著提高Li2CoPO4F的循环稳定性.通过线性扫描伏安法（LSV）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）结合电化学阻抗（EIS）对FEC改善Li2CoPO4F材料循环稳定性的机理进行了探索,结果表明与传统碳酸酯基电解液相比,FEC基电解液在高压下有着优异的抗氧化性,能够有效抑制电解液的氧化分解.同时,FEC基电解液中形成的表面膜具有更高的稳定性,能够抑制电极/电解液界面副反应的发生,提高循环过程中电极材料结构稳定性,从而有益于提高Li2CoPO4F材料的电化学性能.福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2014J05019);;国家自然科学基金项目(No.21233004,No.21303147);;厦门大学校长基金(No.20720150090)资

电渗析法处理生物质水解液分离提纯乙酰丙酸

首先研究了生物质派生的竹浆和糠醛渣在重复投料和补加硫酸的条件下多次水解制备乙酰丙酸（LA）的过程。实验结果表明,酸水解过程会消耗溶液中的H+,通过补加硫酸维持水解液pH可以保证后续投料水解反应顺利进行,最终得到含高浓度LA的生物质水解液。此外,利用配制的模拟水解液研究了电渗析过程对原料液中LA、硫酸和甲酸（FA）三者分离的影响。研究表明,当硫酸存在时,大多数SO42-及少量的LA和FA在电渗析过程中被分离,当原料液电导率降为0时,SO42-被完全除去,同时LA和FA在电渗析过程中开始被快速地分离。最后,使用电渗析法处理真实的生物质水解液除去其中的SO42-,并采用蒸馏法提纯LA。最终LA的回收率为87.1%,并且分离得到的硫酸溶液可以进行重复利用。国家自然科学基金(21706223,21776234,21676223

电渗析法处理生物质水解液分离提纯乙酰丙酸

首先研究了生物质派生的竹浆和糠醛渣在多次投料和补加硫酸的条件下水解制备乙酰丙酸（LA）的过程.实验结果表明,酸水解过程会消耗溶液中的H+,通过补加硫酸维持水解液pH可以保证后续投料水解反应顺利进行,最终得到含高浓度LA的生物质水解液.此外,利用配制的模拟水解液研究了电渗析过程对原料液中LA、硫酸和甲酸（FA）三者分离的影响.结果表明:当硫酸存在时,大多数SO42-及少量的LA和FA在电渗析过程中被分离;当原料液电导率降为0时,SO42-被完全除去,同时LA和FA在电渗析过程中开始被快速地分离.最后,使用电渗析法处理真实的生物质水解液除去其中的SO42-,并采用蒸馏法提纯LA.最终LA的回收率为87.1%,并且分离得到的硫酸溶液可以进行重复利用.国家自然科学基金（21706223,21776234,21676223）中国石油天然气集团有限公司创新基金（2018D-5007-0503

Promoting long-term cycling performance of high-voltage Li2CoPO4F by the stabilization of electrode/electrolyte interface

National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2011CB935903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21233004, 21021002]High-voltage Li2CoPO4F (similar to 5 V vs. Li/Li+) with double-layer surface coating has been successfully prepared for the first time. The Li3PO4-coated Li2CoPO4F shows a high reversible capacity of 154 mA h g(-1) (energy density up to 700W h kg(-1)) at 1 C current rate, and excellent rate capability (141 mA h g(-1) at 20 C). XRD and MAS NMR results show that Li2CoPO4F can be indexed as an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma and coexists with Li3PO4. The XPS depth profiles and TEM analysis reveal that the as-prepared material has a double-layer surface coating, with a carbon outer layer and a Li3PO4 inner layer, which greatly enhances the transfer kinetics of the lithium ions and electrons in the material and stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface. Using LiBOB as an electrolyte additive is another way to further stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface, and the LiBOB has a synergistic effect with the Li3PO4 coating layer. In this way, the Li2CoPO4F cathode material exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, with 83.8% capacity retention after 150 cycles. The excellent cycling performance is attributed to the LiBOB electrolyte additive and the Li3PO4 coating layer, both of which play an important role in stabilizing the charge transfer resistance of Li2CoPO4F upon cycling

Promoting long-term cycling performance of high-voltage Li 2CoPO4F by the stabilization of electrode/electrolyte interface

High-voltage Li2CoPO4F (～5 V vs. Li/Li +) with double-layer surface coating has been successfully prepared for the first time. The Li3PO4-coated Li 2CoPO4F shows a high reversible capacity of 154 mA h g-1 (energy density up to 700 W h kg-1) at 1 C current rate, and excellent rate capability (141 mA h g-1 at 20 C). XRD and MAS NMR results show that Li2CoPO4F can be indexed as an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma and coexists with Li 3PO4. The XPS depth profiles and TEM analysis reveal that the as-prepared material has a double-layer surface coating, with a carbon outer layer and a Li3PO4 inner layer, which greatly enhances the transfer kinetics of the lithium ions and electrons in the material and stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface. Using LiBOB as an electrolyte additive is another way to further stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface, and the LiBOB has a synergistic effect with the Li3PO 4 coating layer. In this way, the Li2CoPO4F cathode material exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, with 83.8% capacity retention after 150 cycles. The excellent cycling performance is attributed to the LiBOB electrolyte additive and the Li3PO 4 coating layer, both of which play an important role in stabilizing the charge transfer resistance of Li2CoPO4F upon cycling. ? 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Controlling Reversible Expansion of Li2O2 Formation and Decomposition by Modifying Electrolyte in Li-O2 Batteries

锂空电池分别使用空气中的氧气和金属锂作为正负极活性材料，具有极高的能量密度。但是，这一体系尚不能实现商业化的应用，其中一些关键问题未能解决。由于其正极活性材料是气体，使得电化学反应涉及气-液-固三相界面，电极过程十分复杂。与其它二次电池相比，空气电极需要考虑结构因素和催化因素。不仅要改善氧气电化学反应的动力学迟缓问题，还要考虑放电产物的驻留空间问题。董全峰教授课题组在前期开展了基于空气电极固相表面电催化研究，并结合电极结构方面的问题，构筑了有利于氧气发生反应的仿生开放式结构电极。 该研究工作主要由化学化工学院2015级iChEM直博生林晓东（第一作者）在董全峰教授、郑明森副教授和龚磊副教授的共同指导下完成，理论计算由袁汝明助理教授（共同第一作者）完成，曹勇、丁晓兵、蔡森荣、韩博闻等学生参与了部分工作。周志有教授和洪宇浩博士生在电化学微分质谱方面给予大力的帮助与支持。【Abstract】The aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery has attracted worldwide attention because of its ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, its practical application is critically hindered by cathode passivation, large polarization, and severe parasitic reactions. Here, we demonstrate an originally designed Ru(Ⅱ) polypyridyl complex (RuPC) though which the reversible expansion of Li2O2 formation and decomposition can be achieved in Li-O2 batteries. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the RuPC can not only expand the formation of Li2O2 in electrolyte but also suppress the reactivity of LiO2 intermediate during discharge, thus alleviating the cathode passivation and parasitic reactions significantly. In addition, an initial delithiation pathway can be achieved when charging in turn; thus, the Li2O2 products can be decomposed reversibly with a low overpotential. Consequently, the RuPC-catalyzed Li-O2 batteries exhibited a high discharge capacity, a low charge overpotential, and an ultralong cycle life. This work provides an alternative way of designing the soluble organic catalysts for metal-O2 batteries.This work was supported by the National 973 Program (2015CB251102), the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (21673196, 21621091, 21703186, 21773192),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720150042,20720150043). The authors thank Prof. Eric Meggers at Philipps-Univeristaet Marburg for his discussion about the synthesis of RuPC complex; Prof. Gang Fu at Xiamen University for his instructive discussions in DFT calculations; Lajia Yu and Dandan Tao at Xiamen University for their assistance in EPR experiments and UV-Vis spectroscopy experiments, respectively; and Yu Gu and Tao Wang at Xiamen University for their discussions in XPS results and CV data,respectively. 该工作得到科技部重大基础研究计划（项目批准号：2015CB251102）、国家自然科学基金（项目批准号：21673196、21621091、21703186、21773192）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（项目批准号：20720150042、20720150043）的资助。 此外，感谢傅钢教授在理论计算方面的讨论和建议，Eric Meggers教授在配合物合成上的讨论，泉州师范学院吴启辉教授和化学化工学院谷宇博士生在X射线光电子能谱方面的帮助，于腊佳老师在电子顺磁共振实验上的帮助，陶丹丹博士生在紫外可见光谱测试上的帮助以及王韬博士生在循环伏安方面的讨论

中美档案网站建设比较研究

本文采用调研的方式,从内容、形式和技术三个方面对中美档案网站建设进行比较,并分析了美国档案网站建设的优势和经验,以期更好地指导我国档案网站建设。一、中美档案网站内容比较信息内容是档案网站建设和发展的核心,内容的好坏直接决定了一个网站建设的质量。档案网站应该首要遵循"内容第一"的原则。网站