Influences of mechanically and dielectrically imperfect interfaces on the reflection and transmission waves between two piezoelectric half spaces

The influences of mechanically and dielectrically imperfect interfaces on the reflection and transmission waves between two piezoelectric half spaces are studied in this paper. First, the secular equations in the traverse isotropic piezoelectric half space are derived from the general dynamic equation. Then, six kinds of imperfect interfaces are considered. These imperfect interfaces include: the mechanically compliant, dielectrically weakly conducting imperfect interface; the mechanically compliant, dielectrically highly conducting imperfect interface; the grounded metallized interface and the low-dielectric interface and their mechanical counterpart, namely, the fixed interface and the slippery interface. These imperfect interface conditions are required to be satisfied by four sets of waves, namely, the quasi-longitudinal wave (QP), the quasi-transverse wave (QSV), the shear horizontal wave (SH) which is decoupled to other waves and the electric-acoustic wave (EA). The algebraic equations resulting from the imperfect interface conditions are solved to obtain the amplitude ratio of various waves and furthermore the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of the energy flux ratio. The numerical results are obtained for the incident QP wave, the incident QSV wave and the incident SH wave and are validated by the energy conservation principle. The effects of these imperfect interfaces are discussed based on the numerical results. The present study provides useful information for the detection of imperfect interface. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Chiral Separation of Rosiglitazone Sodium by Aqueous/Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis

以环糊精及其衍生物为手性选择剂,通过优化缓冲液的浓度、酸度以及采用环糊精的种类和浓度等,建立了罗格列酮钠对映体的水介质和非水介质两种毛细管电泳拆分方法。最佳条件为:150 mmol/LTris-H3PO4缓冲液,pH=2.0,含有1 mmol/Lβ_CD或DM_β_CD,10%(φ)甲醇的运行液,分离电压为25 kV,检测波长215 nm。也可以使用含有9 mmol/L HDMS_β_CD,20 mmol/L磷酸和10 mmol/L NaOH的甲醇电泳液。两种拆分体系均实现了罗格列酮钠对映体的基线分离,而且拆分效率基本相当。方法简便、快速,可作为罗格列酮钠的手性分离方法。HPCE methods for separating and determining the rosiglitazone sodium enantiomers were estabˉlished.The effects of buffer concentration,pH,and the type and concentrations of CDs in the chiral separaˉtion of rosiglitazone sodium were investigated.The buffer solution used in aqueous capillary electrophoresis(ACE)was150mmol/L Tris-H 3 PO 4 solution,pH=2.0,containing1mmol/Lβ-CD or DM-β-CD,and10%(φ)methanol.The voltage applied was25kV,and the detective wavelength was215nm.In addiˉtion,a simple method for the separation of rosiglitazone sodiumenantiomers was described by nonaqueous capˉillary electrophoresis(NACE)after establishing suitable separation conditions.Under the experiment condiˉtions adopted,the baseline separation of rosiglitazone sodium enantiomers was obtained by the two methods.The proposed methods were simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used for the chiral separation of rosiglitaˉzone sodium

The scattering of general SH plane wave by interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies

The scattering of general SH plane wave by an interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies is studied and the dynamic stress,intensity factor at the crack-tip is computed. The scattering problem can be decomposed into two problems: one is the reflection and refraction problem of general SH plane waves at perfect interface (with no crack); another is the scattering problem due to the existence of crack. For the first problem, the viscoelastic wave equation, displacement and stress continuity conditions across the interface are used to obtain the shear stress distribution at the interface. For the second problem, the integral transformation method is used to reduce the scattering problem into dual integral equations. Then, the dual integral equations are transformed into the Cauchy singular integral equation of first kind by introduction of the crack dislocation density function. Finally, the singular integral equation is solved by Kurtz's piecewise continuous function method. As a consequence, the crack opening displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor are obtained. At the end of the paper, a numerical example is given. The effects of incident angle, incident frequency and viscoelastic material parameters are analyzed. It is found that there is a frequency region for viscoelastic material within which the viscoelastic effects cannot be ignored

TPU/POE共混体系相分离过程的ATR-FTIR研究

探讨了一种新的共混体系热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/聚乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混体系,在相分离过程中衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR),结果发现:对于不相容TPU/POE体系,随着热老化时间的增加,ATR-FT-IR特征峰面积也逐渐增加(温度较低除外),温度较高时则先增加后降低;而PU/POE/POE-g-MA体系,由于加入相容剂,ATR-FTIR特征峰面积则随着热老化时间的增加而逐渐降低

苯丙乳液的共振散射光谱研究

用共振散射方法研究了苯丙乳液的稀释过程及其破乳过程,发现苯丙乳液的共振散射光谱在约381 nm和555 nm处出现2个共振散射峰;并且随着固含量的增加、Ca2+的加入量的减小及pH的增大,苯丙乳液的共振散射强度而增强

靶向HIV-1 vif的高效人工miRNA的构建及慢病毒介导的体外抗病毒研究

RNAi在HIV-1的治疗研究中得到了广泛的应用,构建高效并且安全的RNAi抗病毒元件是开展相关研究的基础。vif37是以前的研究中筛选获得的靶向HIV-1 vif的高抑制效率兼具保守性的RNAi靶点。miRNA在抑制效率和启动子的选择上比常用的shRNA具有优势。本研究探索以人工miRNA结构引发vif37靶点对应的RNAi。本研究以天然的miR-155前体为骨架,采用步移的方式设计了3个靶向vif37的人工miRNA,以RNA聚合酶Ⅱ类启动子指导表达。miRNA表达质粒和HIV-1的感染性克隆pNL4-3共转染的结果显示,3个人工miR-NA中只有miR-vif37H具有抑制效果,效率与shRNA-vif37相当。与携带靶序列的荧光素酶报告质粒共转染实验证明miR-vif37H具有良好的抑制特异性。用表达miR-vif37H的重组慢病毒转导HIV-1的敏感细胞MT-4,克隆化后获得稳定表达miR-vif37H的细胞株MT-4-miR37H,该细胞可以有效抑制HIV-1的体外复制。实时RT-PCR检测结果显示,与shRNA-vif37相比,miR-vif37H的表达水平明显下降,安全性更好。进一步的实时RT-PCR检测结果还显示,miR-vif37H在细胞内的稳定表达不会影响内源代表性miRNA(miR-181和miR-16)的加工以及干扰素应答相关基因Stat1的mRNA水平。miR-vif37H是一个特异的高效RNAi元件,为vif37靶点的进一步应用研究奠定了基础

重组慢病毒对不同哺乳动物细胞基因转移及表达效率的研究

慢病毒是一种具有独特优点和巨大应用潜力的哺乳动物细胞基因转移载体,我们对慢病毒载体对不同哺乳动物细胞的基因转移及表达效率进行了平行比较研究.应用第三代重组慢病毒系统构建了携带CMV启动子-EGFP报告基因表达元件的重组慢病毒Lenti-EGFP,分别对多种不同哺乳动物细胞进行转导实验,在转导48 h后应用流式细胞仪检测报告基因在不同细胞株中的转移及表达效率.我们共使用了29种哺乳动物细胞株,包括14种人类组织细胞,5种猴组织细胞,9种鼠组织细胞,1种兔组织细胞.结果显示,重组慢病毒具有良好的基因转移能力,可有效进入多数哺乳动物细胞,对不同种属来源的细胞没有表现出特别的偏嗜性,但对贴壁培养细胞的基因转移效率明显高于对悬浮培养细胞.本研究为重组慢病毒系统的合理使用提供了基础

靶向HIV-1 vif的高效siRNA的筛选及慢病毒介导的体外抗病毒研究

RNAi技术在艾滋病治疗研究中已展现出巨大的潜力,兼具高效抑制特性和保守性的siRNA靶位是其获得成功应用的重要基础。本研究选择以HIV-1 vif基因为靶区筛选高效保守的RNAi序列,共选择设计了30个识别不同位点的siRNA序列,以pSUPER为载体构建了相应的shRNA表达质粒。通过与pNL4-3质粒在293FT细胞中进行共转染抑制实验,以及对初筛获得的高效序列进行保守性分析显示siRNA-vif37序列具有高效抑制效率和较好的保守性特征。通过与pGL3-vif报告质粒的共转染实验证明siRNA-vif37具有vif基因抑制特异性。带有shRNA-vif37表达元件的重组慢病毒转导后的MT-4细胞在HIV-1NL4-3体外攻毒实验中可显示出较有效的抑制病毒复制的能力,本研究进一步对转导后细胞进行克隆化筛选,获得稳定整合shRNA-vif37表达元件的MT-4-vif37细胞克隆,该细胞具有显著的抑制病毒复制的能力,在高攻毒剂量下仍可获得良好的抑制效果。本研究为进一步应用RNAi技术进行新型艾滋病治疗方法研究提供了重要基础

二元決策圖(BDD)最小化問題之改良演算法

[[abstract]]Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) is a data structure for the representation and manipulation of Boolean functions, which is applied in many areas. However, finding the optimal variable ordering of BDD seems to be intractable. Though numerous algorithms for BDD minimization are proposed in the last decade, no feasible one is able to find a good variable ordering for Boolean functions with up to hundreds variables. In this thesis we present a randomized algorithm to minimize BDD. With the help of our new approach, Sifting algorithm works as well as an exact algorithm. The new approach can be parallelized easily to meet the need of complex function minimization. In the thesis, LGSynth91 circuits with less than 500 variables are all minimized with very good results, except only C6288.blif. The better variable orderings of these benchmark circuits are listed in Appendix. Experimental results show that the BDDs' sizes are smaller than previous known results, and it's computing time is very small and very stable. It turns out that this randomized algorithm is a robust method for BDD minimization.