Marine and Coastal Management in Taiwan from the Perspective of ICZM Principles

*刘文宏,国立高雄海洋科技大学渔业生产与管理系副教授。电子邮箱:andersonliu@ mail.nkmu.edu.tw。**高瑞钟,国立高雄海洋科技大学运筹管理系助理教授［文摘］台湾四面环海,岛上平原有限,人口密集。土地资源宝贵但相当有限,海岸地区成为满足各种需求进一步发展的潜在地,并变成公私部门的抢手目标。但台湾海岸地区规划不善、使用不当,造成一连串问题,如自然海岸线流失、自然栖息地遭破坏、海洋生物资源减少等等。过度急速发展与不当使用导致台湾海岸地区面临严重威胁,所以台湾政府正致力于改善海岸管理。即便如此,还是有很多问题尚待解决。本文分析台湾海洋与海岸管理的背景与发展史,以理清海岸管理的思路,并使用海岸带综合管理原则来检视台湾海岸管理的架构。同时本文也检视海岸管理的进展、绩效以及问题,分析导致管理问题的诱因、障碍、未来发展的机会与威胁。本文最后根据欧洲的海岸管理原则和实践提出对海岸管理的建议。［Abstract］Surrounded by sea waters,Taiwan is a densely populated island with only a few flat lands.Due to the scarcity and high value of available land,the coastal zone seems to provide potential sites to meet various needs of further development and to attract both public and private developers.However,coastal zones in Taiwan have not been well planned and used,resulting in problems such as loss of natural coastline,destruction of natural habitats and decline of living marine resources.The coastal zones in Taiwan are under heavy pressures of rapid development and incompatible uses,leading the Taiwan authorities to have to devote efforts to improve coastal zone management.However,a few problems still remain to be solved.Therefore,this study analyses the background and evolution of marine and coastal management in Taiwan to figure out the thread of coastal management.Next,the ICZM principles are used to examine the coastal management framework in Taiwan.The progress,performance and problems of coastal management are also analyzed to find drivers/triggers,obstacles,future opportunities,and future threats.Finally,suggestions are proposed according to principles and practices from Europe.本文受“国家科学委员会”(NSC962415H022003)研究资助

生态草牧业在我国精准扶贫中的作用和潜力——中国科学院植物研究所科技扶贫实践与模式探索

实施科技产业扶贫,是实现脱贫攻坚的一项重要战略措施。我国草原牧区是少数民族的主要聚居区,也是贫困人口的集中分布区,是我国脱贫攻坚的"硬骨头"。面向新时代居民食物消费的多元化和高品质需求,在我国农业供给侧改革的推动下,生态草牧业迎来了发展的春天,也为我国广大草原牧区的社会经济发展提供了大好机遇。草原牧区通过生态草牧业产业扶贫,全国已有不少脱贫致富的成功案例。中国科学院生态草牧业扶贫工作由中国科学院植物研究所牵头,联合院内外多家单位在贵州省水城县开展"黑山羊草畜一体化"示范项目,并为云南省永善县肉牛养殖提供科技支撑,项目成果为草山草坡地区发展生态草牧业产业扶贫提供了可借鉴的成功经验。我国面积广阔的草地资源不仅是广大牧民经济收入的主要来源,也具有保持水土、涵养水源等重要的生态功能。因此,发展生态草牧业,不仅是牧区实施产业扶贫的重要出路,也是我国建设美丽中国,实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容

干旱区绿洲散耗型水文模型及其在塔里木河流域的应用

该项目主要内容包括干旱区绿洲水文过程特点的分析：分析了干旱区水文气象特点、土地利用特点以及水量引用、输送（散流）、转化、消耗等水文过程；绿洲散耗性水文模型的建立：在散耗型流域概念基础上，构建了绿洲散耗性水文模型的理论体系和实现框架，提出并建立了干旱区绿洲散耗性水文模型；模型的应用与分析：利用所建立的散耗型水文模型，对喀什、阿克苏、巴州、克州与和田等绿洲的水文循环过程进行了模拟，分析了现状条件下绿洲内水分运动、转化、消耗、利用的规律，结合绿洲水土资源管理规划、重大建设工程的立项与地下水开发利用等问题进行情景分析的模型模拟。 成果类别： 应用技

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies