LAS在滇池典型入湖河口缺氧水体中的生物降解

利用"河水衰减法"研究了不同培养条件下阴离子表面活性剂LAS在滇池典型入湖河口(海河口)缺氧水体中的生物降解及其动力学,探讨了温度、pH值、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐(NH4Cl或NaH2PO4)以及曝气等因素对LAS生物降解的影响.结果表明,在河口水体中的不同条件下,试验26 d后LAS的生物降解率都达95%以上,且降解服从二级动力学模型.温度、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐以及曝气均对LAS的降解有一定的影响.当水温从10℃增至25℃时,其降解速率p从0.21 d-1增至0.90 d-1;在连续曝气

Recent Development on the Preparation of Monodisperse Nanoparticles

［中文文摘］单分散纳米微粒既可以在严格控制的条件下直接制备 ,也可以通过对多分散纳米微粒体系进行分级分离获得。本文在总结近年来国内外单分散纳米微粒的研究工作的基础上 ,介绍了直接制备和分级分离这两种获得单分散纳米微粒的方法。［英文文摘］Monodisperse nanoparticles can be obtained either by precisely controlled preparation,or through fractionating and separating of polydisperse nanoparticles.This paper provides information on monodisperse nanoparticles preparation by reviewing recent research works.福建省科技重点项目 ( 2 0 0 0 Ⅰ 0 15 );福建省青年科技人才创新项目 ( 2 0 0 1J0 5 6 )

MEMS Infrared Emitter Based on SOI Wafer

提出了一种利用微机电系统(MEMS)制造工艺技术制备的硅基微型红外光源。该光源使用绝缘体上硅(SOI)晶片作为基底材料,其上沉积多晶硅材料并通过离子注入工艺实现材料的电阻加热发光特性,SOI晶片上的单晶硅层通过重掺杂实现辐射光背向吸收自加热效应。利用SOI晶片中的掩埋二氧化硅层为刻蚀停止层,通过背面深反应离子刻蚀(drIE)技术制备微米量级的薄膜发光层结构。光源表面工作温度和辐射光谱分别通过红外热像仪和光谱辐射计测量得到。实验结果表明,该光源在表面温度约700 k时,1.3--14.5μM波长内的能量转换效率约为5.58%,光源的调制频率在50%的调制深度下接近40 Hz。A micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) infrared(IR) emitter is presented.The IR emitters are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator(SOI) wafer,and the resistance heating film on the SOI wafer used boron-doped polysilicon by ion implantation technology.The single crystal silicon on SOI wafer is designed as a heavily-doped infrared absorption layer for realizing the self-heating effect.The light-emitting layer is fabricated by using deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)process on the backside of SOI wafer,and the buried SiO2 layer of the SOI wafer is used as etching stop layer to control the thickness of light-emitting layer.The surface temperature and emission spectrum of IR emitter are measured by thermal imaging system and spectroradiometer.The experimental results show that in the case of surface temperature of about 700 K,the energy conversion efficiency is about 5.58% in the spectrum range of 1.3--14.5 μm.The experiments also show that the modulation frequency can reach to 40 Hz at 50% modulation depth.航空科学基金(20080868011;20080868009)资助课

中草药用于酱油防腐初步研究

采用滤纸片法研究了118种中草药对酱油腐败菌毕赤氏酵母的抑制情况,考察了中草药的添加对酱油各项理化指标的影响,并以苯甲酸钠为对照,探讨其在酱油防腐效果方面的差异。结果表明,乌梅、丁香及石榴皮对酱油的防腐效果优于苯甲酸钠,并有助于改善酱油风味。其中,乌梅的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌质量浓度(MBC)均为最小,分别达31.0 g/L和62.5 g/L

Silicon-glass-based single piezoresistive pressure sensors for harsh environment applications

National Natural Science Foundation of China [51075344, 61274120, 51175444]; Fujian Province Major Projects on University-Industry Cooperation in Science and Technology [2013H6023]; Science and Technology Program of Xiamen [3502Z20123008, 3502Z20126006]Silicon-glass (Si-glass)-based single piezoresistive pressure sensors were designed and fabricated by standard MEMS technology. The single piezoresistive sensing element was designed to be on the lower surface of the silicon diaphragm and be vacuum-sealed in a Si-glass cavity, which form a self-packaging protection structure helpful to the applications of sensors in harsh media. The pressure sensors were fabricated using a Si-glass anodic bonding technique, and the embedded Al feedthrough lines at the Si-glass interface are used to realize the electrical connections between the piezo-sensing element and the electrode-pads, and two larger-size electrode-pads are fabricated for realizing the soldered electrical connection between the sensor and the external circuit. The performance of the pressure sensors was characterized by a pressure test system at different temperature conditions. The temperature compensation was performed by the difference between the output voltage at zero-pressure and the output at operation pressure. The measurement results show that the sensitivity is 24 mV V-1 MPa-1, the coefficient of sensitivity is 0.14% FS degrees C-1, and both the zero-point offset and the temperature coefficient of offset are equal to zero, which are able to meet the commercial application requirements. However, a nonlinearity of 5.2% FS caused by the balloon effect would considerably worsen the accuracy of the pressure sensor. It is suggested to reduce the balloon effect by using a bossed-diaphragm structure in the pressure sensor

Landfill leachate treatment by nanofiltration process

采用集成膜技术对城市垃圾渗沥液进行处理,探讨了预处理方法、膜组件、操作压力等因素对渗沥液处理效果的影响。经混凝沉淀和管式膜超滤等预处理的渗沥液经过二级纳滤处理,质量分数为85%—90%转化为符合国家一级排放标准的透过液,可直接无害排放;仅10%—15%成浓缩污液,可返回垃圾池或经脱水干燥后焚烧。The hybrid technology of flocculent sedimentation2tubular UF2NF2NF was app lied to treat city landfill leachate. The influence of different operating conditions, such as p retreatment method, membrane modules and operating p ressure, on landfill leachate treatmentwas investigated. After thismembrane treatment, around 85% — 90% of permeate solution was comp lied to China national ClassA discharge standard. Only around 10% —15% of the permeate solution remained as the concentrated leachate, which may return to landfill pond or be incinerated after dehydration.福建省科技项目(98-Z-33);建设部科技项目建科([1998]210号);福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2001J056)

The catalytic esterification properties of PVA membranes filled with ironic sulfate

［中文文摘］通过在PVA膜中掺杂硫酸铁制得兼备催化和分离功能的酯化膜反应器 ,并用IR、DSC及SEM等测试方法分析了膜的形态结构及组成。实验结果表明 :硫酸铁的加入对膜的渗透性能和酯化反应的选择性及转化率的提高有重要作用 ;对于乙酸 /乙醇酯化反应体系 ,适宜的填充量为 2 0 %～ 30 % (质量比 )。［英文文摘］The membranes with both catalytic and separative properties were made by using the　hydrophilic alcohol (PVA) filled Lewis acid Ironic sulfate. The chemical composition , physical structure and morphology were studied by a variety of techniques , including infrared　spectrometry( IR) , differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. The experimental results showed that the addition of Fe3 (SO4) 2 was inportant to improve the flux of the membrane flux and the yield and selection of the esterification reac2tion , and the appropriate cotent of Fe3 (SO4) 2 for the alcohol/ acid esterification was 20 %～30 %(w/ w) .福建省自然科学基金 (C991 0 0 0 3) ；教育部骨干教师基金；教育部重点科技项目；教育部留学回国人员启动费资助

膜技术处理赖氨酸生产废水的研究

为了确定赖氨酸生产废水经过膜技术处理后废水中的CODcr值的大小 ,我们采用超滤与纳滤相结合的工艺分别对浓废水和稀废水进行中试实验。实验结果表明 :采用超滤 -一级纳滤 -二级纳滤工艺流程处理浓废水 ,终端废水的CODcr值降低到 489mg/L ;采用超滤 -纳滤流程处理稀废水 ,最终透析液的CODcr值可以降低到 5 0 2mg/L。大大减轻了后续生化处理的负荷

Application and Study of Optical Chemical Sensors

光化学传感器是最近几年发展极为迅速的一类传感器，随着各种光学技术的日趋完善和发展，光化学传感器在日常生活、科研、环境监测和保护等诸多领域凸显日益重要的作用。研究工作开展了双色体系的pH比色传感器以及基于光化学原理的叶绿素、溶解氧和悬浮泥沙光学集成探头的集成和海试应用等工作，希望通过这些工作，进一步拓广光化学传感器的研究和应用。本论文共包含三个章节： 第一章为绪论和文献综述。主要介绍了光化学传感器的原理、特点以及一些重要的环境参数检测方面的应用。 第二章是基于双色体系的pH比色传感器的研制与应用的介绍。主要介绍利用光化学传感器的光学和化学特性，结合传统的二元色原理，设计和构建了基于双色体系的...With the development of optical technique, optical chemical sensors have been developed quikly in recent years and played more and more important rules in our daily life, scientific research work, monitor and protection of environment. In this dissertation, the investigation on optical chemical sensors can be classified into three chapters: In Chapter I, the mechanism and the characteristics of o...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_分析化学学号：2052007115092

BOD Sensing Film Based on Fluorescence Quenching by Oxygen in Freshwater

本研究使用溶胶-凝胶法固定二高氯酸4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻菲咯啉钌[Ru(dpp)3(C lO4)2]作为氧敏感材料,采用溶胶-凝胶杂化聚乙烯醇(PVA)法包埋枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌制得测量淡水样品的BOD微生物传感膜.在此基础上,考察了传感膜的响应时间、线性、稳定性以及温度、pH的影响,结果表明制得的BOD微生物传感器在2~30 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性和重现性.实验还初步尝试使用自制的BOD微生物传感器对地表水样品BOD进行检测.A sensing film for biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) in freshwater was developed,which consisted an organically-modified silicate(ORMOSIL) film embedded with tri(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) perchlorate as oxygen indicator and sol-gel hybrid PVA matrix immobilized with aerobes,Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis respectively.A series of experiments for characterizing the sensor behaviors were carried out including response time,reproducibility,linear range et al.Effects of temperature and pH on the BOD sensing films were studied as well.Results showed that the sensing film had a good linear range in 2 ~ 30 mg /L and a good reproducibility(RSD ≤ 4.0 %).Primary determination of BOD in freshwater was also carried out.国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630429);; 福建省发展与改革委员会“小发明、小创造”专项资