耳石形态在长江口小黄鱼生活史研究及群体识别中的应用

本研究以长江口春(5月)、秋(11月)两季的小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis))耳石为研究对象,将10个耳石度量指标与鱼体体长、体质量进行函数关系拟合,并分析耳石绝对尺寸和相对尺寸与鱼体体长的关系;同时利用主成分分析法(PCA)得到耳石圆度(I2)和Feret比(I9)可以代表10个耳石形态指标,用于解析小黄鱼耳石形态特征,并结合耳石绝对尺寸和耳石相对尺寸探讨耳石形态与小黄鱼特殊生活阶段的关系。另一方面,利用形态指标法(Shape index)及傅里叶分析法(Fourier analysis)探讨了小黄鱼耳石形态在不同季节生态群体中的识别应用。结果表明,幂函数拟合耳石度量指标与鱼体体长、体质量效果最佳,耳石长轴(耳石最大半径、耳石长、耳石最大Feret径长)与体长、体质量的关系拟合效果较短轴(耳石最小半径、耳石宽、耳石最小Feret径长)更佳,且在耳石相对尺寸中,长轴的变化趋势相对稳定,因此在近海小黄鱼的渔业资源评估中,利用耳长轴来推算鱼体体长及体质量更为合理;同时发现,在体长为110和160mm时,耳石圆度(I2)分别出现减小速率变缓的拐点,Feret比(I9)分别出现增大速率变缓的拐点,且耳石绝对厚度和耳石相对厚度也在体长110~170mm时出现大幅变化,这与小黄鱼的性成熟体长(108mm)及生长速率变缓的拐点体长(169.2mm)接近,推测耳石形态可有效地记录了小黄鱼性成熟时期及各生长阶段的变化。在群体识别方面,单用耳石形态指标得到的判别成功率为85.4%和81.7%,信息有效占比60.0%,单用傅里叶分析值得到的判别成功率为84.8%和85.2%,信息有效占比36.4%,结合两种指标得到的判别成功率为92.7%和91.3%,表明利用多种耳石形态指标可提高群体识别成功率,而耳石形态指数可更有效地提取耳石信息;耳石形态在春秋两季生态群体中有较高的识别率,个体耳石形态差异较大,本研究认为这与长江口不同季节的环境变化有关。国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1406404);;国家自然科学基金面上项目(31272663;41176138);;国务院三峡工程建设委员会项目(JJ 2012-2013)资助~

Taxonomic diversity of fish community in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands of Fujian Province

根据2012年~2013年在台山列岛周边海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查资料,并结合该海域的历史资料系统整理了台山列岛周边海域鱼类总名录,使用PRIMER 5.0软件计算了该海域鱼类的分类多样性指数,研究了分类多样性指数的季节变化。结果显示,台山列岛周边海域共记录鱼类2纲20目81科150属208种,以鲈形目种类占绝对优势;2012年~2013年调查记录到鱼类2纲11目40科63属77种。台山列岛周边海域鱼类的平均分类差异指数(△~+)和分类差异变异指数(∧~+)的理论平均值分别为63.14和378.4。鱼类分类多样性指数(△)秋季最高,春、夏季次之,冬季最低;鱼类分类差异指数(△~*)秋季最高,春季次之,夏、冬季较低。研究结果表明,春季鱼类种类数最多,夏、秋季次之,冬季最少,水温和饵料决定了研究海域鱼类种类组成。According to the data collected from four seasonal trawling surveys between 2012 and 2013 in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands,we made a list of fish species in this area and calculated its taxonomic diversity by PRIMER 5. 0. We identified 208 fish species including 2 classes,20 orders,81 families and 150 genera in the waters around Taishan Islands,with Perciformes being the major order. According to the survey data from 2012 to 2013,77 fish species including 2 classes,11 orders,40 families and 63 genera were identified. The average taxonomic distinctness( △~+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness( ∧~+) of fish species listed in that area were 63. 14 and 378. 4,respectively. The taxonomic diversity( △) and taxonomic distinctness( △~*) were higher in autumn and spring than in summer and winter. It is concluded that the species in spring was more than that in summer and autumn,and was the least in winter. Water temperature and food were the main factors which affect fish species composition.国家自然科学基金项目(41106073);; 福建省科技计划项目(2012Y0072);; 福建省海洋与渔业厅科技项目[(2012)013号

表面增强拉曼光谱法在食品中亚硝酸盐的快速筛查研究

建立了采用表面增强拉曼光谱对香肠等食品中亚硝酸盐的快速筛查方法。检测样品经简单提取、衍生后直接进行拉曼光谱检测,整个前处理时间不超过15分钟。通过亚硝酸盐衍生物的指纹图谱定性,本方法能够对各种食品中的亚硝酸盐含量准确筛查,检出限为30 mg/kg,能够满足国家卫生标准的限量要求。该方法前处理简便快速,结果准确,可以作为一种高灵敏、无假阳性的非定向快速筛查手段。该方法可用于检测食品中亚硝酸盐的滥用添加,满足职能部门的现场执法和实验室预检需求。国家自然科学基金（21703187）厦门大学校长基金（20720170102）江苏省产学研前瞻项目（BY2018200

STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM SEA CUCUMBER MENSAMARIA INTERCEDENS I.THE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPANENTS FROM SEA CUCUMBER MENSAMARIA INTERCEDENS

对海参动物——二色桌片参 [Mensamaria intercedens] (Lampert)的主要化学成分的分析结果表明 ,这种海参干品蛋白含量高达 85.98% ,维生素 A、E含量也较高 ,有较高的营养价值。更重要的是这种海参还含有丰富的活性蛋白多糖、多糖和皂甙类物质 ,是开发海洋药物的丰富资源。The main chemical components from Sea cucumber Mensamaria intercedens (Lampert) are detected. The data indicate that it contains fairly rich protein which is about 85.98% in the dry powder. The reducing carbohydrates and free amino acids reach 535.0 mg/L and 6934.0 mg/L respectively in the enzyme digested solution (100 mL contain 5.5g dry powder). So it can be seen that this Sea cucumber has fairly high nutritional value. The important is it also contains fairly active glycoprotein, polysaccharide, as well as saponin which including triterpene-oligoglycoside and steroid-oligoglycoside. So it will be as an important resources for the discovery of new drugs.福建省重中之重项

Study of fatty acid of muscle oil of six pelagic fish in Minnan Taiwan Bank fishing ground

研究了蓝圆鱼参、金色小沙丁鱼、颌圆鱼参、鲐鱼、竹鱼、羽鳃鲐肌油中的脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明 :鱼油中都含有C12 C2 2 系列脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸 (SFA)占总脂肪酸 (TFA)的 35 .2 4%～ 38.6 0 % ,单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA)占 2 3.5 9%～ 30 .0 7% ,多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)占 33.0 6 %～ 40 .33% ,EPA占2 .35 %～ 3.6 2 % ,DHA占 1 7.95 %～ 2 4.49%。 3FA/ 6FA均大于 2。SFA中 ,C16∶0 、C18∶0 占主要成分 ;MUFA中C18∶1占主要成分 ;PUFA中 ,含量最高的是DHA ,其次为C2 0∶4 、EPA、C2 2∶5等。周年变化表明 :鱼类繁殖期 ,PUFA、DHA含量较高。EPA整年保持较低水平 ,波动不大。随鱼肌脂含量的升高 ,PUFA呈下降趋势。多元线性回归结果显示 :各种脂肪酸的含量及所占的百分比的变化更多地依赖于鱼肌中脂肪含量的变化 ,与季节有一定关系 ,但与体长的关系不大。Fatty acid of six pelagic fish (Decapterus maruadsi,Sardinella aurita, Decapterus lajang, Pneumatophorus japonicus, Trachurus japonicus, Rastrelliger kanagurta) were studied. Saturated, Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated fatty acids represent 35.24%-38.60%, 23.59%-30.07%, 33.06%-40.33% of the total fatty acids in fish oil respectively, EPA and DHA represent 2.35%-3.62% and 17.95%-24.49%, -3FA/-6FA>2. The major fatty acids of SFA, MUFA, PUFA are respectively C 16∶0 、C 18∶0 ;C 18∶1 ;DHA、C 20∶4 、EPA and C 22∶5 . When the lipid content increased the PUFA% decreased, which might be related to reproductive activities. The compositional percentage and content of some fatty acids show larger fluctuations in one year. Adopting the multiple regression, the compositional percentage and content variations of some fatty acids are found to depend on most clearly on the lipid content, and on the season, but no more relations with body length.国家教委海洋与环境开放研究实验室资助!(福建近海中上层鱼类鱼油研究 ) ;;MEE9610

Assessing ecological risks of different valence states of Cr to marine organisms by species sensitivity distributions

应用生态风险评价中的物种敏感性分布(SSd)方法构建了3种不同形态(Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+)的重金属Cr对海洋生物的SSd曲线。在此基础上计算了3种形态的Cr对不同海洋生物的5%危害浓度(HC5)和其不同暴露浓度对海洋生物的潜在影响比例(PAf),比较了海洋脊椎动物和无脊椎动物对不同形态的重金属Cr的敏感性以及不同形态的Cr的急性生态风险,并且评价了两个港湾海水水体中常见形态的重金属Cr的联合生态风险。结果表明,3种形态的重金属Cr的HC5的大小顺序为Cr3+>Cr6+>Cr。浓度小于10μg/l时,Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+三者生态风险差异不大,且都处于相对较低的水平。在10μg/l的暴露浓度下,三者所影响的海洋生物比例均未超过5%。随着浓度升高,生态风险也相应增大。当浓度达到1 000μg/l时,分别有23.43%,13.73%和17.27%的物种受到Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+的损害,此时三者的生态风险差异也比低浓度时有所增大。当不同形态的重金属Cr浓度在不同的范围时,不同生物的敏感性大小顺序会发生变化。三种形态的重金属对无脊椎动物的生态风险均比脊椎动物(本文即指鱼类)大。两个海湾水体重金属生态风险的大小顺序为宁德海域(0.66%)>福清海域(0.63%)。Species sensitivity distributions(SSD) method was used to assess the ecological risk of three valence states of Cr(Cr,Cr3+,Cr6+) to marine organisms.The acute toxicity data(LC50 or EC50) were collected from ECOTOX database and SSD curves were fitted based on BurrIII and ReWeibull function.The acute ecological risks of different valence states of Cr and the sensitivity of different marine species(vertebrate and invertebrate) to these different valence states of Cr were compared by the hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species(HC5) and the potential affected fractions(PAF).Then the HC5 values of these different valence states of Cr were in the order:Cr3+> Cr6+> Cr.When exposure concentration was lower than 10 μg/L,no significant differences among the ecological risks of Cr,Cr3+ and Cr6+ was observed.Also,none of these four observations exceeded the threshold of 5%(PAF) at the exposure level of 10 μg/L.The ecological risks of the heavy metals increased as the exposure concentration increased.When came up to 1 000 μg/L,23.43%,13.73% and 17.27% of marine species would be affected by Cr,Cr3+ and Cr6+,respectively.The order of sensitivity to marine species varied with different concentration of heavy metals.The ecological risk of all these three valence states of Cr to invertebrate was higher than to fishes.The case studies showed that the ecological risk of different valence states of Cr in the Seas of Ningde was higher than that in the Seas of Fuqing.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31101902); 国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金资助项目(2011143); 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助(201105015); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2012J05074); 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2011006

Adaptive management of aquatic germplasm reserves

针对我国水产种质资源保护区在现行管理模式下普遍存在的资源难以恢复、保护效果不明显等问题,基于生态系统管理的理念,借鉴国内外有关自然保护区适应性管理研究实践经验,探索水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理。水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理可分为模式建立和反馈两个阶段,包括问题识别、目标制定、方案设计与实施、动态监测、绩效评估、反馈与调整等过程,以全面提升保护区对外界环境变化的不确定性和复杂性的快速反应能力。并以福建长乐西施舌资源增殖保护区为例,分析该保护区的管理现状,探索适应性管理模式的构建与应用。There were some common issues of the current management model in domestic Aquatic Germplasm Reserves( AGRs),such as the difficulty of resources recovery and the insignificant efficiency of protection.An Adaptive Management( AM) framework of AGRs was constructed according to the theoretical researches and practices of Ecosystem-based Management( EBM) and Adaptive Management both in domestic and foreign nature reserves.The AM framework of AGRs could be divided into two stages as model establishment and feedback: the former included problem identification,strategic planning,program design and implementation,while the later comprised of dynamic monitoring,performance evaluation,feedback and adjustment.The practice of AM framework could strongly enhance the rapid response to the uncertainty and complexity of external environment of AGRs.Furthermore,the Changle Xishi Tongue( Coelomactra Antiquata) Resource Enhancement and Protected Area was used as an example to analyse the current situation of management in AGRs and explore the construction and application of adaptive management model.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905019;201005012

The Spousing,Mating and Reproductive Behavior of the White-spotted Bamboo Shark(Chiloscyllium plagiosum) from South Fujian Coastal Waters

观察和记录了条纹斑竹鲨(CHIlOSCyllIuM PlAgIOSuM)在圈养条件下求偶、交配和产卵的过程,并就鲨鱼的交配和生殖行为进行了讨论.条纹斑竹鲨的求偶和交配过程可以分为游弋、雄性鳍脚弯曲、雌雄交配和雄性鳍脚抽离4部分.游弋在整个过程中占的时间最长,雌、雄鱼在确认交配信息后,雄鱼鳍脚发生弯曲;随后不久,进行交配;交配完毕后,雄鱼鳍脚便抽离雌鱼泄殖腔.条纹斑竹鲨产卵时,雌鱼腹部持续地磨擦或挤压水池中的水管和木桩等物体从而加快排卵的速度.卵鞘从体内排出后,雌鱼用口叼住卵鞘绕着水管、树桩和石头等来回游动,利用角丝将卵鞘牢牢地缠绕在这些产卵基质上.雌鱼产卵的时间并不固定,大多数发生在夜间,偶尔在白天也可以看到新产出的卵.产出的卵多数是成对的,偶尔只有1个.雌鱼产卵时间持续约60 d,每7--9 d产卵一次,在一个生殖季节内,每尾条纹斑竹鲨产卵约11个(圈养亲鱼的雌雄比例是2∶1).The captive white-spotted bamboo sharks were kept to observe their courting,mating and spawning behavior,and their mating and reproductive behavior were discussed.The courtship and copulation process of the white-spotted bamboo shark can be divided into four parts:cruising,bend of male′s clasper,copulation and extract of male′s clasper.Cruising took most of the time of the whole process.After the mating information was confirmed between the male and the female,the clasper of the male began to bend and then they copulated.After the copulation,the clasper was extracted from the cloaca of the female.When the female ovulated,she rubbed her abdomen with pipes,stub in order to speed up the deposition process.After the egg case deposited out of the body,the female held it in the mouth circling around the pipes,stubs or stones,finally,the egg cases were entangled firmly with them by tendrils.The time of the female deposited was not fixed,which most happened at night and in the day occasionally.The female produced two eggs at most time,one occasionally.Deposition of eggs extended for 60 days or so and the eggs were produced every 7 to 9 days.One female produced 11 eggs on average in a single breeding season with the parent-fish sex ratio of keeping was 2∶1(♀∶♂).我国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908专项)(FJ908-02-01-08;FJ908-02-04-05);海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(200905019-6

Study on development of testes of Sardinella aurita in Minnan-Taiwan Shoal Fishing Ground

金色小沙丁鱼精巢发育分为 6期 ,精巢属于典型的叶状精巢 ,每一精小叶内有许多结缔组织纤维束将生殖细胞与精小叶壁联系起来。每一纤维束上连接的生殖细胞的发育都是同步的。闽南 台湾浅滩渔场的金色小沙丁鱼雄鱼 1a至少生殖 2次。The development of testes of Sardinella aurita can be divided into six phases. The type of testes is typical lobular. In each lobule, there are many bunches of connective tissue fiber, and the development of the germ cell on each bunch is all the same. The study indicats that the male may spawn at least twice in a year.福建省自然科学基金资助项目!(C96 0 0 9号

Investigating the Status Quo of Hermatypic Corals Resources and Its Protection in Dongshan Water Areas,Fujian Province

造礁石珊瑚是珊瑚礁生态系统的主要组成部分,具有重要的生态价值。福建东山珊瑚省级自然保护区面积3630HM2,核心区面积约1498HM2,已记录到的珊瑚虫纲动物共3目13科32种,其中石珊瑚目6科10种,有7种造礁石珊瑚属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,并被列入世界CITES公约(《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》)附录Ⅱ。该海域是中国大陆近岸亚热带海域造礁石珊瑚群落自然分布的北缘。本文讨论东山造礁石珊瑚的资源现状、生物地理分布和生态学意义及其正遭受的不合理开发活动、全球气候变化、外来物种入侵等威胁,并提出以生态系统为基础的造礁石珊瑚的保护与管理对策。Hermatypic corals are the primary portion of the coral reef ecosystem and of great ecological value.There are plentiful hermatypic corals in Dongshan water areas of Fujian Province.Due to low water temperature in winter,hermatypic corals there seem difficult to build real coral reefs.To protect hermatypic corals near the Dongshan Island,the Dongshan provincial hermatypic corals nature reserve was established in 1997,covering an area of 3630 hm2 with the core area of 1498 hm2.Through two large-scale surveys conducted in 1995-1997 and 2007,it was found that there were 32 species of Anthozoa in the Dongshan water areas,pertaining to 13 families of 3 orders,ten species of which belong to 6 families in Scleratinia.Seven hermatypic coral species of the 10 species are state-level protected animals II and listed in CITES Appendices II,including Favia speciosa,Cyphastrea serailia,Turbinaria peltata,Acropora pruinosa,Porites lutea,Leptastrea sp.and Goniopora sp.In 2007,it was reported that there were also hermatypic corals in Nanji island water areas in Zhejiang Province.Nanji islands are far from the mainland,showing a special ocean current and environments.The species are unique in originating from a range of climatic zones,e.g.,the tropical zone,subtropical zone,and temperate zone.Furthermore,there seems to be a few published studies and reports about the species,quantity,and distribution of hermatypic corals there.We suggest that the Dongshan water areas are the north edge of the hermatypic coral community distribution in subtropical coastal waters of mainland China.In the stereoscopic habitat formed by corals in the Dongshan water areas,154 associate species were found in coral communities,which show relatively high species diversity.They live in coral reefs in a variety of ways.Both of the two comprehensive investigations were carried out in the extent of the Dongshan provincial hermatypic corals nature reserve,but there were also hermatypic corals outside the nature reserve.If the investigations were expanded to the entire Dongshan water areas,it would be more helpful for obtaining a clearer picture of the coral biodiversity.The status quo of resources,biogeography distribution,as well as biological significance of hermatypic corals in the Dongshan water area were discussed.Threats to hermatypic corals,like irrational development activities,global climate change,and alien species invasion were comprehensively analyzed.Some ecosystem-based protection and management suggestions were given,including 1) strengthening public awareness and education,2) enhancing supervision,3) transforming the mode of economic growth,and 4) strengthening scientific research.福建省908专项(近海海洋综合调查与评价):“特殊海洋保护资源综合评价”(编号:FJ908-02-01-08