国内价值链推动中国制造业出口价值攀升的事实与解释

尽管中国制造业出口的低值现象受到广泛关注,但是已有研究普遍忽略了大国整合的潜在优势,这将导致国内价值链对出口价值的影响难以刻画。有鉴于此,本文在已有文献的基础上,首次按照增加值来源的不同,进行了国内价值链与出口价值攀升的量化研究。结果显示:不同于传统的"出口俘获"预期,中国制造业的本国增加值率未因出口规模快速扩张而大幅下降;这一反常现象主要来自国内价值链的延伸,随着入世之后的区际贸易壁垒下降,中国制造业出口不仅充分整合了区域间的资源、推动了价值攀升,而且有效弥补了区域内部的竞争实力不足、带动了出口规模提升;进一步利用结构分解分析,本文发现,相比出口需求,区际关联才是影响国内价值链整合的主导因素,不过受制于市场分割下的扭曲激励,当前的区际关联呈现内陆单向供给沿海、初级产品替代高级要素的低端化走势。因此,在国内价值链已经成为推动中国制造价值攀升重要媒介的背景下,进一步加快市场整合,才能从根本上改变中国制造的低值困境。教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“国内价值链推动中国制造业出口转型升级的事实与解释研究”（19YJC790178）中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项“区际分工视角下中国制造业出口转型升级的机制研究”（2722019JCG013）国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’区域价值链构建与中国产业转型升级研究”（18ZDA038

考虑产品切换的客车混流装配线排序问题

针对主客观因素交互影响下混合装配线的排序问题,建立以最小化工作站堵塞时间与最小化产品切换次数为目标的交互排序模型,并依据客车在实际加工过程中的传统排序方案与模型所得排序方案的结果进行对比分析。模型构建从客观因素出发,优化堵塞时间即“重构”作业框架,以达到对负荷高峰时期进行削峰处理的目的,并进一步在主观因素层面上,考虑线上操作者的作业惯性,降低线上操作者对频繁切换产品的出错率以及保持较高熟练度时操作的方便与流畅性。引入主客观优化评价算法对模型进行计算,决策出最优任务调度方案。对比分析结果表明,模型获得的最优排序改善了装配线的生产堵塞时间,同时兼顾在主观因素主导下的产品切换频率问题,对于节省装配过程中有限的时间资源以及释放有限的空间资源起到很大作用。福建省高校产学合作项目(2017H6020);;福建省科技重大专项(2016HZ0001-9

Fabrication and characteristics of Si-based Ge waveguide photodetectors

以外延gE薄膜为吸收区,在SI基上制备了gE波导光电探测器。利用超高真空化学汽相淀积(uHV/CVd)设备,采取低温高温两步法,在SI(100)衬底上外延出厚度约为500nM的高质量纯gE层。探测器采用脊型波导结构,Al电极分别制作在波导的台面上下形成背对背肖特基结。I-V特性测试表明,在-1V偏压下,暗电流密度为0.2MA/CM2。由于SI与gE热失配引起外延的gE薄膜受到0.2%张应变,减小了gE带隙,光响应波长范围扩展到1.60μM以上。在70MW、1.55μM入射光照射下,测得光电流比暗电流高出近1个数量级。A Si-based Ge waveguide photodetector was fabricated and characterized.High-quality tensile strained Ge layer(about 500nm)was epitaxially grown on a Si(100)substrate by low-and high-temperature two-step growth method in ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition.Two metal-germanium schottky junctions on and under the waveguide were fabricated to form metal-germanium-metal photodetector and the dark current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 at the bias of-1 V is obtained.The photocurrent response in the wavelength range expands to 1.6 μm due to the 0.2% tensile strain in the Ge layer and the photocurrent is higher in one order magnitude than the dark current at 1.55 μm.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60676027);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”资助项目(2007CB613404);国家自然科学基金委重点基金资助项目(60837001);福建省重点科技资助项目(2006H0036

On Teaching Reform and Practice at Biochemical Engineering Experiments

本文从工科专业实验课教学的重要性入手,阐述了进行生物工程专业实验课教学改革的必要性和重要意义,介绍了生物工程实验教学改革的相关体会。This article,based on the importance of the engineering experiments teaching,expounds the necessity and importance of the reform in Biochemical Engineering Experiments Teaching,and also introduces the experience about Biochemical Engineering Experiments Teaching reform

LIN总线及其在智能家居控制系统中的应用

LIN总线是新近出现在汽车行业的一种串行通信总线。其协议对硬件的依赖程度低,可以基于普通单片机的通用串口等硬件资源以软件方式实现,成本低廉,因此可广泛应用于汽车行业以外对实时性要求不高的其他领域。本文概要介绍了LIN总线协议,并介绍了其在智能家居控制系统中的应用

Local Interconnect Network Bus and Its Application in Control System of Smart Home

介绍了LIN总线协议,及其在智能家居控制系统中的应用。LIN总线是新近出现在汽车行业的一种串行通信总线,其协议对硬件的依赖程度低,可基于普通单片机的通用串口等硬件资源以软件方式实现,成本低廉,可广泛应用于汽车行业以外对实时性要求不高的其他领域。利用LIN总线在智能家居系统中构建内部网络,以实现对各电器节点的控制,相较于传统控制方式具有诸多优势,将更为用户所接受。The LIN bus protocol and its application in controlling system of the smart home were introduced.The LIN bus is a new serial communication bus,which is emerging in existing automotive industry with features of protocol less depend upon hardware,implementing low cost software model by using hardware source of standard UART/SCI interface of simple MCU,widely used in other fields with less real time demand etc..Using LIN bus to build internal network of the smart home and implement controlling node of every electrical apparatus will be well received by users for many advantages over the conventional controlling mode

The shape transformation of Si patterned-substrate in thermal decomposition of native oxide during vacuum annealing

利用超高真空化学气相淀积(uHV/CVd)系统,在不同的温度、环境氛围及脱O过程参与等条件下对全息法制备的二维周期图形SI衬底进行退火,通过原子力显微镜(AfM)进行表征与分析,研究真空高温脱O过程对图形衬底表面形态变化的影响。结果表明,真空环境使衬底表面的SI原子可以自由运动,脱O过程增强了SI原子在表面的迁移,温度会影响SI原子的扩散速率,3个因素的共同作用导致图形深度变浅,侧壁坡度变缓。此外,在周期图形台面的边缘,观察到环形有序分布的纳米SI岛。2D-period patterned Si substrate is annealed in ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition(UHV/CVD)under variational conditions including different temperature,environment,thermal decomposition of native silicon oxide.The morphology properties of annealed patterned-substrate are obtained by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The effect of annealing parameters on shape transformation of Si patterned-substrate is studied.The results indicate that the Si atoms can diffuse freely on substrate surface in vacuum and the diffusion is enhanced during thermal decomposition of native oxide.The diffusion velocity is affected by temperature.These effects result in the decrease of the depth of pattern and gradient of side wall.In addition,ordered nanometer Si islands are formed on the mesa of patterned-substrate.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60336010;60676027);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”资助项目(2007CB613404

Core-shell Hydroxyapatite Combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Periodontal Regeneration Treatment in Dogs

目的初步评估贝壳多孔羟基磷灰石基骨修复材料及该材料和骨形成蛋白-2联合应用引导比格犬牙周组织再生的效果。方法选取18月龄比格犬6只,牙周基础治疗后1周,在下颌第二、三、四前磨牙,建立急性牙周骨缺损模型,依照分组情况进行不同治疗。实验组(T组)植入骨修复材料和骨形成蛋白-2;阴性对照组(nC组)植入骨修复材料;空白对照组(bC组)不植入任何材料。实验设计采取同颌同名牙对照,同一只比格犬的3对同颌同名牙分别为:空白对照组和阴性对照组,阴性对照组和实验组,空白对照组和实验组。术后12周,处死动物,MICrO-CT检查并对数据进行统计学分析。结果材料植入后,未见材料溢出,植入局部和全身都未见明显不良反应。3组缺损都有一定程度骨再生,以T组再生组织量最多,bC组最少。MICrO-CT结果显示:T组、nC组和bC组的骨再生平均高度为(4.50±0.47)MM(、1.75±0.42)MM和(0.87±0.31)MM。nC组和bC组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T组与nC组和bC组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且有临床意义。结论贝壳多孔羟基磷灰石基骨修复材料和骨形成蛋白-2联合应用于比格犬,可以获得更好的引导组织再生效果。Objective To evaluate the ability of core-shell hydroxyapatite bone graft material alone and combined with bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) in periodontal regeneration treatment in dogs.Methods Thirty-six defects were created in six 18-months male beagle dogs at the sites of the second,third and fourth mandibular premolars one week later after the dogs were treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy.Different treatments were carried out according to which group the teeth belonged.There are 3 groups.The test group(group T) was treated with core-shell hydroxyapatite bone graft material combined with BMP-2;the negative control group(group NC) was treated with core-shell hydroxyapatite bone graft material alone and the blank control group(group BC) was treated with no graft material.When a tooth was selected into one of the 3 groups randomly,the tooth with the same name on the other side in the same jaw was selected into another group.6 defects in the same dog were made and divided into 3 groups.The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery and analyzed by Micro-CT.Results There was no adverse reaction after material was planted.There were bone regenerations in all groups.Group T got the best bone regeneration while group BC got the least bone regeneration.The biggest height of bone regeneration for group T,group NC and group BC were(4.50±0.47) mm、(1.75±(0.42) mm) and(0.87±0.31) mm according to Micro-CT evaluation.There were statistical difference of bone regeneration height between group NC and group BC.There were statistical differences between group T and group NC and between group T and group BC.Conclusion More periodontal tissue regeneration could be got when core-shell hydroxyapatite bone graft material was used with bone morphology protein 2.南京市医学科学技术发展专项项目(ZKX07022);天津市生物医学材料重点实验室开放课题;南京市医学科技发展青年人才启动项目(QYK10166

考虑产品切换的客车混流装配线排序问题

针对主客观因素交互影响下混合装配线的排序问题,建立以最小化工作站堵塞时间与最小化产品切换次数为目标的交互排序模型,并依据客车在实际加工过程中的传统排序方案与模型所得排序方案的结果进行对比分析。模型构建从客观因素出发,优化堵塞时间即\"重构\"作业框架,以达到对负荷高峰时期进行削峰处理的目的,并进一步在主观因素层面上,考虑线上操作者的作业惯性,降低线上操作者对频繁切换产品的出错率,保持较高熟练度时操作的方便与流畅性。引入主客观优化评价算法对模型进行计算,决策出最优任务调度方案。对比分析结果表明,模型获得的最优排序改善了装配线的生产堵塞时间,同时兼顾主观因素主导下的产品切换频率问题,对于节省装配过程中有限的时间资源和释放有限的空间资源具有很大的作用。福建省高校产学合作资助项目(2017H6020);;\n福建省科技重大专项资助项目(2016 HZ0001-9)~