Developing On-site,Quick Screening Platform for Artificial Pigments in Food Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

已有研究表明食品加工过程中添加的人工合成色素不仅不能提供营养物质,而且可能是导致小儿多动症的来源之一,影响儿童智力发育.基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)原理和便携式拉曼光谱仪,提出了一种非定向的现场快速筛查方法.该方法只需对疑似含有人工合成色素的固体或液体状食品样品进行简单前处理,即可进行SERS检测.样品前处理和检测的总时长不超过15 min,检出质量浓度在1 mg/L水平,可有效满足政府职能部门的现场执法需求.除具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点之外,该检测方法的最大优势在于实现了未知样品的现场非定向测试:在同一种前处理过程和检测方法下,可对食品中常添加的亮蓝、胭脂红、日落黄、柠檬黄、苋菜红和诱惑红6种人工合成色素进行快速鉴定和半定量分析.As widely used additives in food processing,artificial pigments have no any nutrition but are potential sources of hyper-activity and affect the intellectual development of children.On the basis of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy( SERS) and portable Raman instrument,we developed a non-targeting,on-site and quick screening platform for artificial pigments in food matrix. SERS measurement could be carried out after the food matrix( either in solid or liquid states) being simply pretreated for 15 min.The detectable concentration is as low as 1 mg / L,a level meeting the demand of the on-site enforcement by the government.Besides the advantages of quick,easy-on-going,and high sensitivity,the most distinguished point of SERS is the non-targeting qualitative on-site detection for the typical pigment additives,including brilliant blue,carmine,sunset yellow,lemon yellow,amaranth and allura red,et al.,while both the pretreatment procedure and the SERS detection remain the same.国家自然科学基金(21473140);; 福建省高校产学合作项目(2016Y4012);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2072016011

The protective effects of compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall on acute hepatic injury in mice

目的观察复方风柜斗草对四氯化碳(CCl4)引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、复方风柜斗草低剂量组(2.2 g/kg)、中剂量组(4.4 g/kg)、高剂量组(8.8 g/kg)和联苯双酯阳性对照组(0.2g/kg)。空白组与模型组给予1%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-nA)水溶液,其他组给予相应的药物,1次/d,连续灌胃给药10 d后,除正常组外,腹腔注射CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤。检测肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AlT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性,同时检测血清中总胆红素(T-bIl)、直接胆红素(d-bIl)及肝组织中丙二醛(MdA)的水平,并计算肝脏指数。结果预先给予复方风柜斗草能显著降低急性肝损伤小鼠体内T-bIl、d-bIl、AlT、AST和MdA的水平,并升高肝组织中SOd活力。结论复方风柜斗草对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其所具有的抗脂质过氧化和清除体内过多氧自由基的作用有关。Objective To observe the protective effects of compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall against tetrachloride( CCl4)-induced acute hepatic injury in mice.Methods The mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,low dose compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall group( 2.2 g / kg),medium dose group( 4.4 g / kg),high dose group( 8.8 g / kg),and positive control( biphenyldicarboxylate) groups( 0.2 g / kg).The mice were ig pretreated with compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall and biphenyldicarboxylate once daily for consecutive 10 d,respectively.The mice in the normal and model groups were given 0.1% CMCNa,the water-solution instead.Then,acute liver injury in mice was induced by ip injection of CCl4.The activities of serum ALT and AST,hepatic SOD,and the level of serum T-BIL and D-BIL,hepatic MDA were also determined,the hepatic indices were calculated.Results The activities of ALT and AST,the level of T-BIL,D-BIL and MDA were significantly decreased by compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall pretreatment,while activity of SOD in hepatic tissues was markedly increased.Conclusion Compound sarcopyramis nepalensis wall has protective effects against CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in mice,and the mechanisms might be associated with its anti-oxidative and scavenging free radical activity

Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

Analysis of DcR3 in rat model of adjuvant arthritis

目的研究诱骗受体DcR3对佐剂型关节炎(AA)大鼠模型的作用及其机理。方法注射弗式完全佐剂建立大鼠佐剂型关节炎(AA)模型,尾静脉注射DcR3蛋白,观察大鼠关节肿胀度、间接ELISA检测血清和滑膜液中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ的变化。RT-PCR检测滑膜和淋巴细胞中DcR3、Fas、FasL mRNA的表达以及脾脏中TGF-β、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10 mRNA的表达。Western blot分析滑膜细胞中Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果DcR3治疗AA大鼠后,足肿胀度降低;血液和滑膜液的IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平下降;脾脏中TGF-β、IFN-γ、TNF-αmRNA表达下调,IL-4、IL-10 mRNA表达上调;滑膜细胞中Caspase-8、Caspase-3蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调。结论DcR3可以用于实验性大鼠AA的治疗,其治疗机制与调节滑膜细胞FasL、Fas mRNA的表达和血液淋巴细胞中Fas mRNA的表达,促进滑膜细胞和自身反应性淋巴细胞的凋亡;调节脾脏细胞Th1/Th2细胞因子... 【英文摘要】 Objective To study the immunoregulatory mechanisms of DcR3 on rats adjuvant arthritis(AA).Methods AA was induced by complete freund s adjuvant(CFA)in rats,and the rats were injected subcutaneously with DcR3.The perimeters of rat hind soles were measured before and after the injection of CFA.The pathological changes of inflammatory knee joints were observed under optical microscope.The changes of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IFN-γ in serum and synovial liquid were detected by indirect ELISA,respectively.The DcR3,Fas,and ...厦门大学科研启动基金(Z03103

星系中心大质量黑洞及潮汐瓦解恒星事件

黑洞潮汐瓦解恒星事件(Tidal Disruption Events,TDE)是星系中心黑洞瓦解进入其潮汐瓦解半径内的恒星并吸积恒星碎片物质而产生的一种剧烈辐射耀发现象.TDE的能谱和光变特征中蕴含了中心黑洞和被瓦解的恒星的信息,为我们证实和普查宁静星系中的黑洞,研究其参数、吸积过程和喷流产生、以及核区星际介质等提供了可能.TDE还可能提供中等质量黑洞和双黑洞存在的证据.TDE的观测和理论已成为一个新开辟的天体物理研究领域,但目前的进展受制于探测到事件太少(尤其是在X射线波段),且观测数据普遍质量不高.TDE的发生率很低,要探测大样本的事例需要监测足够大的空间体积.爱因斯坦探针卫星(Einstein Probe,EP)覆盖了0.5–4 keV的软X射线波段(接近TDE耀发时的辐射峰值能段),具有大视场以及高灵敏度,非常利于对TDE的探测.预期爱因斯坦探针卫星每年可以发现约几十至上百例TDE,其中有约10例或更多具有相对论性喷流特征.这将使我们可以获得较为完备、具有统计意义的TDE的样本,为进一步研究黑洞的存在和统计性质、增长和演化、发现中等质量黑洞和大质量双黑洞等提供了新的途径.中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDA15052100);;北京大学“985工程”建设项目“星团环境对双黑洞形成演化过程的干扰及其对引力波探测的影响”资

中国式学科评估:问题与出路

今年四月份,教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心(以下简称"教育部学位中心")邀请全国学位授予单位参加全国第四轮一级学科整体水平评估。随之,各个高校展开了一场大规模、高级别的学科评估申报及材料提交总动员。第四轮学科评估自发布起也引发了学界的广泛关注和热烈讨论。高等教育是中国崛起的思想发动机,关涉民族复兴的未来,而学科评估是近年来中国高等教育学科建设成就的集中展示,其意义和影响可谓深远。为了更好推进学科评估科学进行,特别是促进高等教育健康发展,《探索与争鸣》编辑部邀请全国

用于太阳电池表面抗反射的蛾眼结构的制备方法

 一种用于太阳电池表面抗反射的蛾眼结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤：步骤1：取一太阳能电池所用的外延片,对外延片进行清洗；步骤2：在外延片上旋涂光刻胶；步骤3：对光刻胶进行前烘,形成样品；步骤4：采用双光束干涉曝光设备,对样品两次曝光、显影,形成二维周期光刻胶掩膜图形；步骤5：对显影后的样品进行后烘；步骤6：对样品进行干法刻蚀；步骤7：去除光刻胶掩膜图形,完成蛾眼结构的制备

硫和某些微量元素与大骨节病关系的研究

本所地方病环境研究组自1969—1974年，在陕西渭北高原等地区对大骨节病区的生态化学环境因素进行了大量调查研究。通过研究提出以下重要结果，使大骨节病的病因研究取得明显进展：(一)大骨节病是与一定的生物气候类型和相应的土壤生物地球化学相联系的地方性疾病。该病与地形、母岩以及水土流失影响到水、土中的易溶元素迁移以至缺乏有密切关系。(二)否定了当时盛行的该病是饮水缺乏硫、镁元素的看法，提出饮水缺乏硫、镁不是致病因素，而饮水中的硒低及粮食含硒偏低是值得注意的因素。(三)提出病区的水化学特点及粮食元素特点，并对铜、锰等防治该病做出了初步评价