The Integration Design of SCADA Based on iFIX

组态软件广泛运用于各行各业的控制系统中，但是缺乏对其统一集成技术的研究。本文以某工厂SCADA系统画面的制作、软件编程及调试工作为研究背景，通过实际案例研究了组态软件iFIX的统一集成技术，结果表明研究工作是可行的。论文的工作包括以下几个方面： 首先，介绍组态软件的概念和其在国内外的发展现状。其次，以建造一座现代化智能工厂为目标，基于iFIX进行集成总体设计。集成技术的研究与iFIX的软件架构关系密切，故从数据流、OPC技术等方面简要给出了iFIX的架构方式。设计上既有对通风空调、给排水、供配电系统集成的规定，也有对集成软件实时性、可靠性及扩展性的要求。 本文研究iFIX的集成技术，主要包...Configuration software were widely used in control systems from various industries; however, unified and integrated technology research associated with configuration software was barely investigated. In this thesis, based on the background of a factory SCADA system that concluding the HMI production, software programming and commissioning work, the integration of iFIX configuration software techno...学位：工程硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院_控制工程学号：X201122300

Gradient distributions of nitrogen and organic carbon in the soils from inland to tidal flat in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲是我国典型的通过黄河冲积泥沙填海造陆形成的近代沉积区。区域受到黄河冲积、沉积等自然过程和农业耕种熟化等人类活动的双重影响。本研究通过在黄河三角洲地区内陆到河口海湾不同距离采集典型土壤类型剖面发生层样品，探讨土壤有机碳、总氮等生源要素的空间分布规律，为阐明我国典型海岸带地区陆源碳、氮的输送及循环特征提供基础依据。研究结果表明，黄河三角洲内陆与河口地区呈现出完全不同的土壤碳、氮分布规律。表层土壤碳、氮含量在黄河沿岸及三角洲南部均表现出由陆向海逐级递减的空间分布特征，而在黄河刁口流路和清水沟流路沿行水方向有梯度升高的趋势。内陆地区土壤碳、氮与盐分呈一定的负相关关系，表明土壤碳、氮主要受到耕作熟化过程的影响；而在河口地区两者呈显著的正相关关系(p&lt;0.01)，表明靠近海湾地区土壤碳、氮积累可能受到细颗粒泥沙沉积和滩涂湿地厌氧等环境影响。表层土壤碳、氮比变幅在3.6~8.6之间，说明该地区土壤有机质分解较快，不利于有机碳的积累。土壤剖面中，一些特殊发生层如红色夹黏层、黑色泥炭层对土壤碳、氮的富集具有明显的作用，其中红色夹黏层的土壤碳、氮含量接近耕层土壤。总之，黄河三角洲土壤在耕作垦殖、泥沙沉积等综合作用下形成的空间分布格局以及剖面特征发生层是影响碳、氮封存、释放和增汇等循环过程的关键驱动因素。</p

Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthetic Characters in Honeysuckle with Different Ploidies

【目的】研究四倍体和二倍体金银花叶片光合作用对盐胁迫的响应,特别是盐胁迫对PSⅠ和PSⅡ性能以及协调性的影响,比较盐胁迫下叶片光合特性的差异,分析盐胁迫对叶片Na+、Cl-和丙二醛含量以及叶片生物量的影响,揭示不同倍性金银花耐盐胁迫的能力,为盐碱地栽培品种的选择提供参考。【方法】选用四倍体和二倍体金银花为试验材料,采用叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线和820 nm光反射曲线同步测定技术,结合气体交换参数,研究中度(150 mmol&middot;L-1 Na Cl)和重度(300 mmol&middot;L-1 Na Cl)盐胁迫对四倍体和二倍体金银花叶片光合作用和光合机构的影响。金银花植株定植于装有石英砂的塑料盆中,Hoa...;【Objective】In order to provide a reference for cultivar selection of saline land, leaf photosynthetic responses to salt stress in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, especially the effects of salt stress on PS and PS performance and coordination wer Ⅰ Ⅱ e studied, the difference in leaf photosynthetic characters under salt stress was compared and the effects of salt stress on leaf Na+ , Cland malondialdehyde contents and the leaf biomass were analyzed so that revealed salt tolerance of the honeysuckle with different ploidies.【Method】Tetraploid and diploid honeysuckle plants were used as experimental materials to study the effects of moderate (150 mmol&middot;L-1 NaCl) and severe (300 mmol&middot;L-1 NaCl) salt stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus by simultaneously analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light reflection at 820 nm as well as gas exchange parameters. Honeysuckle plants were planted in plastic pots filled with quartz sand and cultured with Hoagland nutrient solution. NaCl was added to nutrient solution incrementally by 50 mmol&middot;L-1 step per day to provide final concentrations of 150 and 300 mmol&middot;L-1 for salt treatment, and the treatment lasted for 15 days. The control plants were cultured with nutrient solution without adding NaCl. During salt treatment, expanded leaves from the middle of a shoot were sampled for measuring parameters.【Result】Under moderate salt stress, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were significantly decreased in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, and the decrease was lower in the tetraploid, indicating less stomatal inhibition on photosynthesis. Under severe salt stress, leaf photosynthetic rate was also significantly decreased in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, and the tetraploid could maintain higher photosynthetic activity than the diploid due to the lower decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate. After 7 days of severe salt stress, leaf carboxylation rate and Rubisco activation state were significantly decreased in diploid honeysuckle. PS photoinhibition was induced, resulting in the decline of quantum Ⅱ yield of electron transport to PS . Therefore, PS reduction Ⅰ Ⅰ was inhibited, and the increased PSⅠoxidation should be observed in the 820 nm reflection transient. On the contrary, PS oxidation was significantly decreased. Unde Ⅰ Ⅰ r severe salt stress, PS photoinhibition also occurred in the leaves of diploid honeysuckle, which could not effectively drive electrons to its acceptor side and then inhibited PS oxidation. The sign Ⅰ ificant decrease of PS oxidation resulted from the greater photoinhibition in PS than PS , and the coordination between PS and Ⅰ ⅠⅡ Ⅱ PS was destroyed. After 15 days of severe Ⅰ salt stress, leaf carboxylation rate and activation state of Rubisco enzyme were significantly decreased in tetraploid honeysuckle, and the decrease was lower than that in diploid honeysuckle. The capacity of PS and PS was not significantly affected, and Ⅱ Ⅰ their coordination was maintained in tetraploid honeysuckle under severe salt stress. Thus, tetraploid honeysuckle also had higher leaf photosynthetic activity than the diploid upon severe salt stress. After salt stress for 15 days, leaf Na+ , Cl- and malondialdehyde contents were significantly increased in diploid honeysuckle, whereas leaf dry weight per plant was significantly reduced, and the change amplitude was greater than that in tetraploid honeysuckle, indicating lower leaf ionic toxicity in the tetraploid, which might be responsible for maintaining higher photosynthetic capacity under salt stress.【Conclusion】 Under salt stress, tetraploid honeysuckle possesses higher leaf photosynthetic activity in terms of greater leaf stomatal conductance, higher Rubisco activation state and normal PSⅡ and PS coordination, and then c Ⅰ ould accumulate greater biomass. Therefore, tetraploid honeysuckle has stronger salt tolerance and is more suitable for cultivation in saline land.</p

血浆BNP在鉴别诊断呼吸困难中的价值

脑利尿肽(BNP)主要是由心室分泌的具有32个氨基酸的多肽,是对心室容积扩张及压力负荷的反应。在有症状的左心功能不全患者的血浆中BNP水平明显升高。呼吸困难是呼吸内科最常见的一种急症。早期准确诊断呼吸困难的病因,区分心源性呼吸困难抑或非心源性呼吸困难,对于及早、准确的治疗呼吸困难,提高生存率非常重要。1资料和方法1.1一般资料2006年1月~2006年12月因呼吸困难在我院呼吸内科住院的患者193例(男136,女57)。平均年龄73岁(15~92)岁。最终诊断单纯肺疾病组62例,肺疾病并发左心功能不全组77例,肺疾病并发高血压病组54例。主要症状和体征有:气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、端坐呼吸、颈静脉怒张、肺部罗音、心界扩大、下肢凹陷性水肿等。1.2方法每位患者入院时采静脉血2m l,用EDTA-K2混匀送检。1.3仪器与试剂美国拜尔公司CENTAUR化学发光检测仪。1.4统计学处理所有统计分析用SPSS13·0软件进行处理,采用的统计分析方法有:Kruskal-W allis秩和检验,Bon-ferron i检验,χ2检验。2结果2.1单纯肺疾病、肺疾病并发高血压、肺疾病并发左心功能不全三组间血浆BNP浓度采用Krus..

血浆BNP在鉴别诊断呼吸困难中的价值

脑利尿肽(BNP)主要是由心室分泌的具有32个氨基酸的多肽,是对心室容积扩张及压力负荷的反应。在有症状的左心功能不全患者的血浆中BNP水平明显升高。呼吸困难是呼吸内科最常见的一种急症。早期准确诊断呼吸困难的病因,区分心源性呼吸困难抑或非心源性呼吸困难,对于及早、准确的治疗呼吸困难,提高生存率非常重要。1资料和方法1.1一般资料2006年1月~2006年12月因呼吸困难在我院呼吸内科住院的患者193例(男136,女57)。平均年龄73岁(15~92)岁。最终诊断单纯肺疾病组62例,肺疾病并发左心功能不全组77例,肺疾病并发高血压病组54例。主要症状和体征有:气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、端坐呼吸、颈静脉怒张、肺部罗音、心界扩大、下肢凹陷性水肿等。1.2方法每位患者入院时采静脉血2m l,用EDTA-K2混匀送检。1.3仪器与试剂美国拜尔公司CENTAUR化学发光检测仪。1.4统计学处理所有统计分析用SPSS13·0软件进行处理,采用的统计分析方法有:Kruskal-W allis秩和检验,Bon-ferron i检验,χ2检验。2结果2.1单纯肺疾病、肺疾病并发高血压、肺疾病并发左心功能不全三组间血浆BNP浓度采用Krus..

血浆BNP在鉴别诊断呼吸困难中的价值

脑利尿肽(BNP)主要是由心室分泌的具有32个氨基酸的多肽,是对心室容积扩张及压力负荷的反应。在有症状的左心功能不全患者的血浆中BNP水平明显升高。呼吸困难是呼吸内科最常见的一种急症。早期准确诊断呼吸困难的病因,区分心源性呼吸困难抑或非心源性呼吸困难,对于及早、准确的治疗呼吸困难,提高生存率非常重要。1资料和方法1.1一般资料2006年1月~2006年12月因呼吸困难在我院呼吸内科住院的患者193例(男136,女57)。平均年龄73岁(15~92)岁。最终诊断单纯肺疾病组62例,肺疾病并发左心功能不全组77例,肺疾病并发高血压病组54例。主要症状和体征有:气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、端坐呼吸、颈静脉怒张、肺部罗音、心界扩大、下肢凹陷性水肿等。1.2方法每位患者入院时采静脉血2m l,用EDTA-K2混匀送检。1.3仪器与试剂美国拜尔公司CENTAUR化学发光检测仪。1.4统计学处理所有统计分析用SPSS13·0软件进行处理,采用的统计分析方法有:Kruskal-W allis秩和检验,Bon-ferron i检验,χ2检验。2结果2.1单纯肺疾病、肺疾病并发高血压、肺疾病并发左心功能不全三组间血浆BNP浓度采用Krus..

Spatia-l temporal variability of soil salt content before and after irrigation in the Yellow River Delta

分别采用传统统计学和地统计学方法,定量分析了灌溉前、后黄河三角洲田块尺度下不同深度土层含盐量的空间变异性并分析空间分布特征。结果表明:除灌溉前0~10 cm土层土壤含盐量呈强变异性外,其余各土层含盐量均表现为中等变异强度;灌溉前土壤盐分主要积聚在0~10 cm和40~60 cm土层,灌溉后主要积聚在40~60 cm土层;灌溉使得0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤含盐量降低,脱盐效果较好;除灌溉后0~10 cm土层的土壤盐分含量呈现弱空间相关性之外,其它土层均呈现强空间相关性;灌溉后与灌溉前相比,除40~60 cm层土壤含盐量外,其余各土层土壤含盐量明显降低、土壤含盐量的等值线密集程度减弱..

Ge/GeO/多层石墨纳米复合物锂离子电池负极材料性能研究

由于其高容量、快速锂离子扩散速率和高电导性的优点,锗被认为是一种非常有前景的锂离子电池负极材料.本研究利用GeO2和石墨作为前驱体,通过水热法制备Ge/GeO/多层石墨复合物并将其应用于锂离子电池负极材料进行电化学性能研究.实验结果表明,Ge/GeO2纳米粒子的粒径约为40 nm.该复合物电极的第一次充放电容量分别是2045和1146 mA h g.1,库仑效率为56.0%.50圈充放电循环后,当电压范围为0.01.50 V时,容量保持在1008 mAhg.倍率实验表明,该电极在1C(1C=1000mAg)和2 C倍率大电流下,虽然容量略有衰减,但仍保持790和710 mAhg的高容量.教育部新世纪优秀人才计划(编号:NCET-13-0879)；福建省闽江学者特聘教授计划；泉州市桐江学者特聘教授计划；福建省自然科学基金(编号:2016J01069)资助项目

Comparison of fertilizer-effect models on winter wheat response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in saline soils in the Yellow River Delta

通过大田试验, 研究了黄河三角洲盐碱土地区冬小麦合适的肥料效应模型。在冬小麦生长季设置4种不同的氮磷肥用量, 根据&ldquo;3414&rdquo;试验设计8 种不同的肥效试验处理, 以探讨线性加平台、一元二次、平方根和二元二次4 种不同模型的拟合效果。结果显示, 4 种肥料效应模型的拟合结果经检验都达到极显著水平 (P&lt;0.01)。在一元肥料效应模型中, 氮磷一元二次模型拟合效果最好, 最高收益分别为7 448.3 元&middot;hm-2 和7 357.7 元&middot;hm-2, 最佳经济氮磷用量分别为254.4 kg&middot;hm-2 和98.6 kg&middot;hm-2。对比一元与二元模型, 后者拟合效果较好, 最佳经济氮磷用量分别为244.1 kg&middot;hm-2 和94.2 kg&middot;hm-2, 即氮磷肥配比为2.6∶1, 经济效益为7 432.4 元&middot;hm-2, 氮肥农学利用率为6.2 kg(籽粒)&middot;kg-1(N), 磷肥农学利用率为13.8 kg(籽粒)&middot;kg-1(P2O5)。结合拟合度、最佳经济施肥量、经济收益、肥料农学利用率和一元模型的局限性分析得出, 二元二次肥料效应模型最优, 可作为黄河三角洲地区盐碱土冬小麦氮磷肥效模型的最佳选择。</p

灰绿曲霉产纤维素酶的研究

灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus)发酵液通过硫酸铵盐析、Sephadex G-100分子筛、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱和Phenyl Sepharose Fast Flow疏水层析,分离纯化一种外切葡聚糖酶(CBH)和一种内切葡聚糖酶(EG).通过SDS-PAGE和凝胶柱层析法测定分子质量表明:CBH全酶分子质量为71 ku,由两个分子质量为35 ku的同型亚基组成;EG为单体蛋白,全酶分子质量为32 ku.酶学性质研究表明:CBH催化pNPC的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为55℃,酶活在pH 5.0~8.0区间和温度低于55℃时稳定;EG催化CMC-Na的最适pH为4.0,最适温度为50℃,酶活在pH3.5~7.5区间和温度低于65℃时稳定.Na+、K+、Ba2+、Mg2+以及NO3-和SO42-对CBH和EG酶活均无影响;Ca2+和Mn2+对CBH有激活作用,Fe2+和Mn2+对EG有激活作用,而Zn2+、Cd2+和Cu2+对CBH和EG均有不同程度的抑制效应.酶动力学分析表明:CBH催化pNPC水解的米氏常数Km值为1.4 mmol/L(pH 6.0,55℃),EG催化CMC-Na水解的米氏常数Km值为5.0 mg/mL(pH 4.0,50℃)