Differences and similarities of tax system in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty

唐朝与宋朝都曾实行过财赋的“上供、留使、留州”制度 ,其相似之处在于都是中央财政对财赋的宏观调度方式 ;因唐宋中央集权程度不同而使这种财政管理体制产生变化与差异。The tax system as “Shanggong, Liushi, Liuzhou”was carried out both in the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, but there were similarities and differences. It was both exercised as the method in the central finance's macro-regulating of taxes. The differences lied in the managerial system due to the difference of the extent of the centralized state power between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.国家社会科学基金项目 ( 0 1BZS0 12

“1+1+1”培养模式在高职护生教育实践中的质性研究

目的深入了解高职院校护理实习生接受高职校院合作"1+1+1"培养模式的内心真实体验,分析该模式在人才培养方面的成效。方法通过面对面、深度的半结构式访谈来收集8名护生对该培养模式的切身感受,采用Colaizzi现象学分析法进行资料整理分析。结果提炼出3个主题:(1)该模式促进了其理论知识与临床实践的有机结合;(2)该模式增强了其临床适应能力、人际沟通交流能力和专业认同感;(3)该模式尚存在课程设置欠佳、学习负荷偏重和课余生活单调等不足。结论校院合作"1+1+1"培养模式相比传统模式有明显的优势。但仍需不断优化课程结构、丰富第二课堂活动及减轻学生心理负荷等提升教学成效

The Study on Mechanical Properties of Thin Film in Micro-electromechanical Systems

主要介绍微机电系统(MEMS)中几种测量薄膜力学性能的方法,如纳米压入法、单轴拉伸法、基底弯曲法、微旋转结构法,比较了各种方法的优缺点。这对MEMS器件的设计与研究具有重要意义。Some methods of measuring mechanical properties of thin film in Micro-electromechanical systems are intro-duced including nanoindentation,single axial tension,wafer curvature,micro rotating structure,etc.Their advantages and disadvantages are compared.It is useful for the design and researchment of MEMS devices.国家基金青年基金(60301006);; 福建省自然科学基金(A0310012);; 国家留学基金项目资

Investigation for Metal Lift-off Process in RF MEMS Switch

研究用bP212正性光刻胶(浸泡氯苯)、AzP4620正性光刻胶(浸泡氯苯)、Az5214E反转光刻胶光刻后的图形剥离金属的难易度及图形质量.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察不同光刻胶及浸泡氯苯后的侧壁图形,并分析不同侧壁图形的形成机理,找出最佳工艺参数,并应用于射频MEMS开关制作中的金属剥离.The lift-off processes of BP212 positive photoresist(and chlorobenzene treatment) and AZP4620 positive photoresist(and chlorobenzene treatment) were studied.AZ5214E image-reversal photoresist was also studied.Side wall graphics were observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The forming mechanism of different lateral wall pattern was analysed.The optimum process parameters were found and used in metal lift-off in RF MEMS switches.国家青年基金资助项目(60301006);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(A0310012

小槐花的化学成分研究

目的:系统研究中药小槐花中的化学成分。方法:利用大孔树脂,Sephadex LH-20,ODS及正相硅胶柱等色谱手段进行分离,通过多种波谱学数据分析进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果:从小槐花60%乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,经结构鉴定分别为豆甾醇(1),β-谷甾醇(2),柠檬酚(3),黄槿酮A(4),异柠檬酚(5),kenusanone I(6),neophellamuretin(7),清酒缸酚(8),古柯三醇(9),黄槿酮D(10),山柰酚(11),8-prenylquercetin(12),leachianone G(13),5,7,4'-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇(14),4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-,(2R-trans)-(9CI)(15)。结论:除化合物8外,所有化合物均为从该种植物中首次分离得到

纳米TiO_2电极的特殊光电化学响应

应用涂膜法、电沉积法和溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2电极.实验发现,纳米TiO2具有特殊的光电化学响应,其光电流~电位变化出现光电流峰,这一特殊的光电化学性质乃与纳米半导体电极的纳米结构及其特殊的光诱导氧化还原反应机理密切相关

Development of Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of PML/RARα Fusion Gene in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

针对急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APl)中PMl/rArα融合基因的碱基序列,设计了锁核酸(lnA)修饰的发夹结构捕获探针,结合信号探针构建新型的“三明治“电化学传感模式。信号探针末端修饰的生物素可与酶上的亲和素结合,通过检测酶催化H2O2氧化底物3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMb)产生的电化学信号,实现对靶序列的检测。该传感器可识别和定量检测PbS缓冲液中人工合成的PMl/rArα融合基因序列。结果表明,该传感器能很好地区分互补序列、单碱基及多碱基错配序列,杂交电流值与目标链浓度在1.0x10-11~1.6x10-10 MOl/l范围内呈较好的线性关系,检出限为1.0x10-13 MOl/l。同时,该新型传感器成功地用于无稀释人血清中PMl/rArα融合基因的检测,具有特异性强、灵敏度高和重复性好的优点,有望用于临床实际样品的检测,进而实现临床上急性早幼粒细胞白血病的早期诊断及预后判断。A novel DNA electrochemical probe(locked nucleic acid,LNA) was designed and involved in constructing an electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of PML/RARα fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL).This biosensor was based on a "sandwich" detection strategy,which involved a pair of LNA probes,e.g.hairpin capture probe and reporter probe.Streptavidin-HRP was bound to biotin labeled at the end of reporter probe via streptavidin-biotin affinity binding.In the presence of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),HRP catalyzed the oxidation of the substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidene(TMB) to offer an enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal for the detection of target DNA.This sensor was applied in the direct quantitative detection of synthetic PML/RARα fusion gene in PBS buffer.The results indicated that the biosensor showed an excellent specificity to distinguish the complementary sequence and different mismatch sequences.A linear relationship between the amperometric signal and the target concentration was obtained in the range of 1.0×10-11-1.6×10-10 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0×10-13 mol/L.In addition,the biosensor was used for the determination of PML/RARα fusion gene in human serum samples without dilution with high sensitivity,selectivity and good repeatability.This method would be expected to use in real sample for further solving the actural problems of early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of APL.863计划资助项目(2008AA02Z433);福建省高校产学研科技重点项目(2010Y4003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(20805006;20975021);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010J05019

Charge Transport Performance of Nafion-based Redox Polymer in Atmosphere

利用三明治电池和伏安法测试了不同制备条件的Nafion基氧化还原聚合物膜在空气中的电荷传输性能.研究结果表明,混合适量聚乙二醇(PEG)的Nafion基金属联吡啶配合物｛Nafion[M(bpy)23+,PEG](M=Ru,Fe)｝膜的表观电荷传递扩散系数(Dct)达到10-6-10-7cm2·s-1,电子或空穴迁移率(μ)达到10-4-10-5cm2·V-1·s-1.在导电玻璃(ITO)电极与Nafion基氧化还原聚合物膜界面引入一层导电聚苯胺(PANI)后,降低了其接触电阻,使氧化还原聚合物膜的Dct提高至10-5-10-6cm2·s-1,μ提高至10-3-10-4cm2·V-1·s-1,且工作电流提高了近两个数量级.该固态氧化还原聚合物膜的性能比较稳定,在空气中放置30天后其Dct和μ降低得很少.The charge transport performance of the Nafion-based redox polymer films prepared under different conditions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in the sandwiched cells.The results showed that the apparent charge transfer diffusion coefficient(Dct)of the Nafion[M(bpy)2+3,PEG(polyethylene glycol)](M=Ru or Fe)films is about 10-6-10-7 cm2·s-1 and the mobility of the electron or hole(μ)was about 10-4-10-5 cm2·V-1·s-1.In order to decrease the resistance of the interface,a polyaniline(PANI)layer was added to the interface of indium tin oxide coated conducting glass(ITO)electrode and the redox polymer.Consequentially,the Dct could be increased to about 10-5-10-6 cm2·s-1 and μ to about 10-3-10-4 cm2·V-1·s-1,and the operating current of the cells under 600 mV bias could be increased by almost 100 times.In addition,the Dct and μ of this redox polymer film had just reduced slightly after 30 d kept in atmosphere.Therefore,the redox polymer film is sufficiently stable.国家自然科学基金(20373057)资助项

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

Charge transport performance of Nafion-based redox polymer in atmosphere

The charge transport performance of the Nafion-based redox polymer films prepared under different conditions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in the sandwiched cells. The results showed that the apparent charge transfer diffusion coefficient(D-a) of the Nafion[M(bpy)(3)(2+), PEG (polyethylene glycol)] (M=Ru or Fe) films is about 10(-6)-10(-7) cm(2) . s(-1) and the mobility of the electron or hole (mu) was about 10(-4)-10(-5) cm(2) . V-1 . s(-1). In order to decrease the resistance of the interface, a polyaniline (PANI) layer was added to the interface of indium tin oxide coated conducting glass (ITO) electrode and the redox polymer. Consequentially, the D-a could be increased to about 10(-5)-10(-6) cm(2) . s(-1) and mu to about 10(-3)-10(-4) cm(2) . V-1 . s(-1), and the operating current of the cells under 600 mV bias could be increased by almost 100 times. In addition, the D-a and mu of this redox polymer film had just reduced slightly after 30 d kept in atmosphere. Therefore, the redox polymer film is sufficiently stable