In Situ Studies on the Determination of PAHs， DOM and Their Interactions in Aqueous Solution

PAHs是分布最广，数量最多的一类环境致癌物。DOM通过与PAHs相互作用以及自身的理化性质，极大地影响着溶解态PAHs的分布、迁移和转化。对多组分溶解态PAHs浓度水平及其与DOM的相互作用以及两者的环境行为的研究是开展环境中PAHs生物修复、生态毒性和环境风险评价的关键。用荧光猝灭法研究DOM和PAHs相互作用，要求发展多组分荧光混合物检测方法，要求建立DOM指示物—CDOM的高灵敏度表征方法。本论文针对现有方法的不足和实际环境测定的特殊要求，立足水体中溶解态PAHs、HA和CDOM三维荧光特性研究，建立多组分溶解态PAHs的双波长荧光测定法、双波长荧光猝灭法，CDOM荧光和吸收现场检测技...PAHs are the most widely distributed and plentiful environmental carcinogens. DOM has considerably influence on the distribution, transportation and degradation of PAHs because of the interactions of DOM-PAHs and the properties of DOM in aqueous systems. The investigation on the concentration of multi-component of dissolved PAHs and the interactions of DOM-PAHs are the key to carry out the PAHs bi...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：2262006115233

Development and Application of the Absorption Measurement Kit of 10-AU Field Fluorometer

针对天然水体中溶解有机物吸收和荧光无法同时测定的问题,对特纳10-Au现场荧光仪进行了改进。通过对仪器样品室的改造,利用反射镜改变光路,设置衰减片和降低光电倍增管电压控制光通量,在不破坏原有仪器结构下实现其吸收光谱测定功能。改进后的仪器测定重铬酸钾和高锰酸钾水溶液的灵敏度较CAry 100紫外可见分光光度计分别高约1倍和0.5倍,相对标准偏差分别为3.93%、2.12%(n=7)。实现了腐殖酸水溶液的吸收和荧光的同时测定,检出限分别为0.306Mg/l和0.0104Mg/l。实验证明改进后的10-Au现场荧光仪可用于水体中溶解有机物吸收光谱的测定,操作简便,测定结果可靠。A Turner 10-AU field fluorometer was improved to solve problems of the study on simultaneously determination of dissolved organic matter absorption and fluorescent properties in natural water samples.The sample cell and cell holder of the fluorometer were modified with a mirror to develop a new absorption measurement kit,and attenuator plates and photomultiplier voltage were used to control the intensity of absorption light.The absorption measurements of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate solution were realized by the improved fluorometer.The Sensitivities of the improved fluorometer were about 1 and 0.5 times higher than that of Cary 100 UV-Vis spectrophotometer,with the RSD were 3.93%、2.12%(n=7),respectively.Satisfactory results were both obtained for the absorption spectra measurement and the fluorescent determination of humic acid in water,detection limit was 0.306mg/L and 0.0104mg/L respectively.It was proved by experimental results that the improved fluorometer was successfully used to determine dissolved organic matter in water with simpler procedure and satisfactory results.NSFC(20777062);SRFDP(200803840015);厦门大学科技创新项目(2)科学仪器研制与开发(XDKJCX20061022)资助

Variations of River N_2O Saturations and Emission Factors in Relation to Nitrogen Levels in China

通过选择我国3个不同流域的河流,研究了河流n2O饱和度与释放量的时空变化及其与河流氮水平的关系,并评估了IPCC关于河流n2O的释放系数。结果显示,河流硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化范围分别为0.023~5.24(均值1.29±0.822)Mg n.l-1和0.020~40.3(均值2.54±5.47)Mg n·l-1;相应地,河流n2O饱和度和释放量的变化范围分别为90%~8213%(均值407%±1010%)及0.250~1960(均值58.3±221)μg n.M-2·H-1。不同河流n2O饱和度均呈现明显的季节变化特征,n2O饱和度几乎持续处于过饱和状态,表明河流n2O是大气n2O的源。不同类型的河流,其氮浓度水平、n2O饱和度与释放量均有显著差异,城市纳污型河流——南淝河,其氨氮浓度、n2O饱和度和释放量显著高于其他河流,均值分别达(12.5±6.10)Mg n·l-1、1760%±2620%及(363±548)μg n M-2·H-1。研究发现,除南淝河外,所有径流主导型的河流,其n2O饱和度与nO3-含量存在显著线性正相关关系,说明高nO3-含量的河流能增加n2O的表观产量。除南淝河以外的河流n2O释放系数变化范围为0.05%~0.87%,均值为0.20%,较为接近IPCC的参考值0.25%。但我们的研究建议采用修正后的河流n2O释放系数(均值为0.10%),该系数更能体现河流释放n2O的实际情况。Nitrous oxide(N2O)is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes the climate changes and stratospheric ozone depletion.An increase of active nitrogen(N)loading resulting from human activities to watersheds makes river systems a potentially important source of N2O.Here,we present the results of spatial and temporal variations of river N2O saturations and emissions in relation to N levels from rivers among three watersheds with multiple land uses in China,and we also assess the emission factors based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes(IPCC)guidelines.The results showed that nitrate and ammonium concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 5.24(average 1.29±0.822) mg.L-1and from 0.020 to 40.3(average 2.54±5.47)mg N.L-1,respectively;Correspondingly,N2O saturations and emissions ranged from 90% to 8213%(average 407%±1010%)and from 0.250 to 1960(average 58.3±221)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively among the rivers.Our study demonstrated all the rivers were sources of N2O to the atmosphere.There existed significant differences of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions for rivers in these watersheds,and the highest mean values of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions were(12.5±6.10)mg N.L-1,1760%±2620% and(363±548)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively,which were observed in Nanfei River receiving urban wastewaters.We found N2O saturations from study rivers(except for the Nanfei River)were positively related to nitrate concentrations,demonstrating that rivers with increased nitrate levels can results in more N2O production.On the basis of the IPCC definition of "emission factor",the measured emission factor ranged from 0.05% to 0.87%,with an average of 0.2%,very close to IPCC given value of 0.25%.However,our study suggests that the revised "actual" emission factor with an average value of 0.1% is more appropriate instead of IPCC value.国家自然科学基金(20777073);国家自然科学基金(41076042);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所前沿探索项目(2012QY001

Numerical Study on Tides in the Taiwan Strait and its Adjacent Areas

建立二维潮波模式,模拟了台湾海峡及其邻近海域(18~30°n,110~130°E)八个主要分潮(M2、S2、k1、O1、P1、Q1、k2、n2),并利用中国大陆及环台湾岛20多个潮位站的实测资料进行验证,计算结果与实测值吻合良好。此外,给出了八个主要分潮的同潮图,并逐个讨论了潮汐特征。结果显示:(1)台湾海峡中的潮波运动是北部蜕化了的旋转潮波系统和南部的前进潮波系统共同作用的结果。(2)半日分潮南、北两支潮波在台湾海峡中部汇合,而全日分潮则在台湾海峡南部海域汇合后继续朝西南方向传播。(3)半日分潮振幅最高值发生在福建省湄洲湾—兴化湾一带,全日分潮最高值则出现在雷州半岛以东一带近岸海域。(4)n2、k2和O1、P1、Q1分潮的振幅、迟角分布分别同M2与k1分潮的整体分布趋势相似。Diurnal and semi-diurnal tides in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas are calculated by using a two-dimensional finite-difference model.Compared with data of more than 20 observation stations around the Taiwan Strait,the model-produced results agree quite well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations.According to the results,the co-tidal and co-range charts are given.Furthermore,the characteristics of 8 major tidal constituents have been illuminated respectively.The result shows that:(1) The tide motion can be attributed to the interaction between the degenerative rotary tidal system in the north and the progressive tidal system in the south.(2) The southward and northward tidal waves of semi-diurnal tide converge in the middle of the Taiwan Strait while the diurnal tidal waves propagate southwestward through the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait.(3) The maximum amplitude of semi-diurnal tides exists at the area between the Meizhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,and that of diurnal tides appears in the region to the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.(4) The patterns of co-tidal and co-range charts of N2,K2 and P1,Q1 tidal constituents are similar to those of M2,S2 and K1,O1 tidal constituents,respectively.supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNos.40576015;40810069004and40821063;bythekeyresearchprojectofFujianProvinceundercontractNo.2004N203;bytheFujiandemonstratingregionofthe“863”ProjectoftheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChin

戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白特异性人源单克隆抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的:建立从外周血快速筛选戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)衣壳蛋白特异性人源抗体的方法,从疫苗免疫者外周血中筛选出相应抗体并进行鉴定。方法:采用分选型流式细胞仪获得外周血中HEV衣壳蛋白特异性的记忆B细胞,通过单细胞RT-PCR的方法获得抗体序列,并进行重组表达,最后对获得的人源单克隆抗体进行初步性质鉴定。结果:成功筛选到识别HEV衣壳蛋白的6株人源单克隆抗体,6株抗体均具有抗原结合活性,4株抗体具有中和活性。结论:成功获得HEV衣壳蛋白特异性人源单克隆抗体序列,并进行真核表达,对抗体的性质进行初步鉴定,为后期研究疫苗免疫的人体内的抗体演化打下基础。国家自然科学基金(No.81571996);;福建省自然科学基金(No.2016J05201)资

一种A型流感病毒NP抗原快速检测试剂的建立

目的建立一种适合现场检测需要的A型流感快速诊断试剂。方法以自制的抗A型流感(FluA)病毒核蛋白(NP)单抗为原料,建立快速检测A型流感病毒的双抗体夹心酶免疫渗滤试验,并对其灵敏度和特异性进行了初步评价。结果该试剂对不同地区流行的各种亚型的A型流感病毒株均有较高的反应性,而对非FluA病毒株无交叉反应。比较该试剂与BD公司的两种流感快速诊断试剂,发现该试剂对随机选取的3株FluA病毒的检测分析灵敏度高出Directigen EZ Flu A试剂5~125倍,对2株FluA病毒的分析灵敏度高出Directigen Flu A试剂约20倍。另外,用该试剂对57份含漱液标本和170份动物拭子标本进行检测,结果显示:本试剂的灵敏度(>85%)和特异性(>95%)均优于当前主流的商品化A型流感快速诊断试剂。结论利用抗FluANP单抗为原料建立了A型流感快速诊断试剂,该试剂的应用无需任何专用仪器,操作简便快速,可满足现场检测需要

Adaptive management of aquatic germplasm reserves

针对我国水产种质资源保护区在现行管理模式下普遍存在的资源难以恢复、保护效果不明显等问题,基于生态系统管理的理念,借鉴国内外有关自然保护区适应性管理研究实践经验,探索水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理。水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理可分为模式建立和反馈两个阶段,包括问题识别、目标制定、方案设计与实施、动态监测、绩效评估、反馈与调整等过程,以全面提升保护区对外界环境变化的不确定性和复杂性的快速反应能力。并以福建长乐西施舌资源增殖保护区为例,分析该保护区的管理现状,探索适应性管理模式的构建与应用。There were some common issues of the current management model in domestic Aquatic Germplasm Reserves( AGRs),such as the difficulty of resources recovery and the insignificant efficiency of protection.An Adaptive Management( AM) framework of AGRs was constructed according to the theoretical researches and practices of Ecosystem-based Management( EBM) and Adaptive Management both in domestic and foreign nature reserves.The AM framework of AGRs could be divided into two stages as model establishment and feedback: the former included problem identification,strategic planning,program design and implementation,while the later comprised of dynamic monitoring,performance evaluation,feedback and adjustment.The practice of AM framework could strongly enhance the rapid response to the uncertainty and complexity of external environment of AGRs.Furthermore,the Changle Xishi Tongue( Coelomactra Antiquata) Resource Enhancement and Protected Area was used as an example to analyse the current situation of management in AGRs and explore the construction and application of adaptive management model.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905019;201005012

重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达H5N1禽流感病毒糖蛋白

在10L发酵罐中,对高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1糖蛋白HA1在重组毕赤酵母中的表达发酵工艺进行了研究。通过分批补料培养方法探讨不同培养温度、诱导温度、补料方式、微量元素等因素对菌体的生长以及重组蛋白表达和活性的影响。结果表明,菌种培养和诱导温度均为25oC时,菌体的生长、分泌表达量和与广谱中和抗体的反应活性较好;微量元素是影响重组HA1蛋白生物活性的重要因素;通过优化高密度发酵工艺,H5N1病毒糖蛋白HA1在发酵罐中的表达量比摇瓶培养提高10.5倍,达到约120mg/L,为大规模制备高致病性禽流感病毒的HA1蛋白奠定了基础

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

In site continuous measurements of CDOM in water column by 10-AU portable fluorometer

10-AU便携式现场荧光仪以其稳定的性能、简单的操作和独特的现场检测功能,得到该研究领域国际同行的认可,并在所属研究领域发挥着积极的作用。本文介绍10-AU便携式现场荧光仪在水环境参数检测中的应用。结合在国内首次将该仪器用于近岸水域水样中CDOM的大尺度连续走航在线测定工作的实际,讨论该仪器在使用过程中的一些问题、经验和体会。The model 10-AU portable fluorometer has been appreciated and wildly used by many oversea labs due to its stability,convenience,direct measurement,durableness and compactness.In this paper,chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) was first in site continuous measured by the fluorometer in the estuarine water column in China.Some experiences and amelioration for improving the utilization of the fluorometer were summarized and discussed国家自然科学基金资助项目(20577037