Tendency and critical scientific issues of space life science in China

空间生命科学是随着人类空间探索活动,特别是载人空间探索而产生和发展的新兴交叉学科,它涵盖了较为广泛的研究范围.在过去半个多世纪,国际上在该领域取得了许多重要发现和研究成果,不仅支撑了载人空间探索任务,同时也服务了地球人类的生活.随着我国载人航天和深空探索活动的不断发展,特别是我国载人空间站工程的启动,未来20年将是我国空间生命科学发展的黄金时期.基于我国的载人空间站和返回式科学卫星实验平台,开展空间生命科学研究,获取新知识、创新新技术,进一步服务于人类空间探索活动、服务国家经济和社会发展,这就需要我们从学科发展的战略高度,系统深入地进行研究思考.在全面回顾国内外空间生命科学的发展历史及现状的基础上,本文对我国空间生命科学的战略需求、发展方向和关键科学问题等进行了梳理、分析和展望,以期为我国空间生命科学的发展提供思路和借鉴.As an emerging interdiscipline, space life science, generated and developed with human space, especially manned space exploration,, covering very wide research fields.In the past more than half a century, many significant findings and achievements have been achieved in this field, which not only supports the missions of manned space exploration, but also provides service for the life on the earth.With the continuous development of Chinese manned space and deep space exploration activities, especially the startup of Chinese manned space station project, the next two decades will be the prime time for the development of Chinese space life science.To conduct space life science, obtain new knowledge and innovative technology and provide further service for human space exploration, national economic and social development basing on Chinese manned space station and return type scientific satellite experiment platform, which need us to study and thinking systematically from the strategic perspective of subject development.By reviewing the historical and current development of space life science at home and abroad, this essay analyzes and prospects the strategic needs, key scientific problems and development direction of Chinese space life science, in order to provide inspiration and reference for its development.国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2011CB710903); 中国科学院技术科学部学科发展战略研究课题(我国空间科学发展战略研究)资助项

暴露测年样品中26Al和10Be分离及其加速器质谱测定

在已有实验流程基础上,建立并优化了石英样品中Be和Al提取、纯化等实验流程,设计的流程条件实验包括实验试剂、器皿和离子交换柱选择、离子交换树脂分离Be和Al时酸浓度选择等。结果表明,选择钢铁研究总院研制的~9Be标准溶液作为~(10)Be样品制备的载体;使用一次性实验器皿;选用4 cm规格的离子交换柱;用0.05 mol/L草酸和0.75 mol/L盐酸混合溶液洗脱吸附于阴离子树脂上的Al,可有效提取、纯化样品中的Be和Al。加速器质谱(AMS)测量结果显示,13组化学空白的~(10)Be/~9Be和~(26)Al/~(27)Al比值平均值分别为7.48×10~(-15)和1.96×10~(-15),与国内已有宇宙成因核素实验室的结果(5×10~(-15)~8×10~(-15))具有可比性。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)的测量结果表明,Be、Al回收率分别达90%和60%。基于新建立的实验流程分析了祁连山北侧金佛寺的一个岩石样品,获得了~(10)Be和~(26)Al的暴露年代分别为(10.7±1.0)ka和(10.0±1.2)ka,与前人研究结果一致

浦城县大口窑调查勘探报告

浦城县大口窑是宋元时期闽北地区一处著名的窑场,以烧造青白瓷为主,此外还兼烧部分酱釉瓷、少量绿釉瓷等。器型种类丰富,质量较高,窑业技术与江西景德镇窑关系密切。其产品在东亚、东南亚等地有发现,是福建一处重要的外销瓷生产地

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

CDK5-dependent BAG3 degradation modulates synaptic protein turnover

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是严重威胁人类健康的重大神经系统疾病，AD的发生发展与衰老密切相关，目前临床治疗方法十分有限。因此迫切需要从AD致病早期入手，发现和鉴定导致AD神经功能紊乱的机制和靶点，为AD的早期防治提供基础。张杰教授及其团队从高通量磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，系统研究了CDK5在神经细胞中的磷酸化底物，鉴定出了在蛋白质量控制中发挥重要功能的BAG3蛋白是CDK5的全新底物。课题组从磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，发现和阐明了细胞周期蛋白激酶5（CDK5）通过调控BAG3在维持突触蛋白水平调控中的作用机制，及其在阿尔茨海默病（AD）发生发展中的机理。 该研究是多个团队历时8年合作完成的，香港中文大学的周熙文教授、美国匹兹堡大学的Karl Herrup教授、美国Sanford-Burnham研究所的许华曦教授、美国梅奥医学中心的卜国军教授，厦门大学医学院的文磊教授、张云武教授、赵颖俊教授、薛茂强教授，军事医学科学院的袁增强教授等都参与了该工作。 厦门大学医学院2012级博士生周杰超等为文章的第一作者，张杰教授为通讯作者。Background Synaptic protein dyshomeostasis and functional loss is an early invariant feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the unifying etiological pathway remains largely unknown. Knowing that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays critical roles in synaptic formation and degeneration, its phosphorylation targets were re-examined in search for candidates with direct global impacts on synaptic protein dynamics, and the associated regulatory network was also analyzed. Methods Quantitative phospho-proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify top-ranked candidates. A series of biochemical assays were used to investigate the associated regulatory signaling networks. Histological, electrochemical and behavioral assays were performed in conditional knockout, shRNA-mediated knockdown and AD-related mice models to evaluate its relevance to synaptic homeostasis and functions. Results Among candidates with known implications in synaptic modulations, BCL2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) ranked the highest. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation on Ser297/Ser291 (Mouse/Human) destabilized BAG3. Loss of BAG3 unleashed the selective protein degradative function of the HSP70 machinery. In neurons, this resulted in enhanced degradation of a number of glutamatergic synaptic proteins. Conditional neuronal knockout of Bag3 in vivo led to impairment of learning and memory functions. In human AD and related-mouse models, aberrant CDK5-mediated loss of BAG3 yielded similar effects on synaptic homeostasis. Detrimental effects of BAG3 loss on learning and memory functions were confirmed in these mice, and such were reversed by ectopic BAG3 re-expression. Conclusions Our results highlight that neuronal CDK5-BAG3-HSP70 signaling axis plays a critical role in modulating synaptic homeostasis. Dysregulation of the signaling pathway directly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and AD pathogenesis.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation in China (Grant: 31571055, 81522016, 81271421 to J.Z.; 81801337 to L.L; 81774377 and 81373999 to L.W.); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China-Xiamen University (Grant: 20720150062, 20720180049 and 20720160075 to J.Z.); Fundamental Research Funds for Fujian Province University Leading Talents (Grant JAT170003 to L.L); Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKUST12/CRF/13G, GRF660813, GRF16101315, AoE/M-05/12 to K.H.; GRF16103317, GRF16100718 and GRF16100219 to H.-M,C.); Offices of Provost, VPRG and Dean of Science, HKUST (VPRGO12SC02 to K.H.); Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Improvement on Competitiveness in Hiring New Faculty Funding Scheme (Ref. 133), CUHK Faculty Startup Fund and Alzheimer’s Association Research Fellowship (AARF-17-531566) to H.-M, C. 该研究受到了国家自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金、福建省卫生教育联合攻关基金等的资助

Composite additive manufacturing method of conformal cooling die

本发明公开了一种随形冷却模具的复合增材制造方法，属于增材制造领域。本发明在复杂空腔结构制造过程中，采用管材作为支撑条件，首先在锻造基材上数控加工与冷却管路外径相同的圆弧形状并开坡口，将管材放置于槽内并进行焊接定位和固定；然后采用高效率电弧堆焊的方式，沿着与管材轴向垂直方向摆动增材制造中间层材料；最终在堆焊层数控铣削厚的表面采用激光同步送粉工艺成形致密无缺陷的硬化层。本发明采用管材定位支撑方式，可以实现含流道结构的不变位姿直接成形，在大尺寸中间层材料增材制造过程采用堆焊工艺，可以显著提升增材速率

Composite additive manufacturing method of conformal cooling die

本发明公开了一种随形冷却模具的复合增材制造方法，属于增材制造领域。本发明在复杂空腔结构制造过程中，采用管材作为支撑条件，首先在锻造基材上数控加工与冷却管路外径相同的圆弧形状并开坡口，将管材放置于槽内并进行焊接定位和固定；然后采用高效率电弧堆焊的方式，沿着与管材轴向垂直方向摆动增材制造中间层材料；最终在堆焊层数控铣削厚的表面采用激光同步送粉工艺成形致密无缺陷的硬化层。本发明采用管材定位支撑方式，可以实现含流道结构的不变位姿直接成形，在大尺寸中间层材料增材制造过程采用堆焊工艺，可以显著提升增材速率

一种制备金属-陶瓷复合膜的化学镀方法

一种制备金属陶瓷复合膜的化学镀方法是利用溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法所得到的修饰了金属活性组分的陶瓷复合膜作为底膜，将该底膜直接加到化学镀镀液中进行化学镀。由于这种底膜上的活性组份粒子可作为化学镀过程中的催化活性中心和金属粒子生长的晶核，从而省去了常规化学镀过程中所必须进行的敏化活化步骤，并且金属沉积速度加快，同时也避免了金属在底膜的非目标表面上的沉积。带填