金砖五国专利发展现状比较分析

本文对金砖五国的专利发展现状进行了比较分析。结果显示,中国在专利申请量、授权量以及专利产出效率方面具有绝对的领先优势,而在专利授权率以及有效专利比率上处于劣势地位;中国已成为金砖五国间最大的国际专利受理国;金砖国家能够形成技术领域的优势互补。最后,笔者针对我国专利事业的发展提出了建议

锯缘青蟹生殖肢腺体的结构与功能

青蟹雄性腹肢具有生殖肢腺体(GTG).雄性第一腹肢向末端逐渐变成一细薄的弯曲突起.腺体主要集中于腹肢距基部长度的2/5处,即第二腹肢入口处的附近,末端也有少量分布.腺体在组织学上和玫瑰状的皮腺相似,群绕着射精管腔.经染色表明腺体含有中性粘多糖(NMPS)和酸性粘多糖(AMPS),同一批腺体,甚至同一个腺体两种类型糖类的染色状况有异.腺体由分泌细胞和管细胞组成,管细胞含有一导管,多个导管形成网络.导管末端通向交接器内壁表皮开孔处,孔径约为2.5~3.5μm,这些孔通向交接器管腔,孔中及开口处分泌物的染色性质和腺体中相似.第二腹肢也具有腺体,但分布较少,且不太集中.GTG分泌物可能具有几个复杂的功能,其中低粘度的NMPS可能有助于加速强粘性精液通过狭窄的交接器管腔作用,而高粘度的AMPS功能则更为复杂. 【英文摘要】 The gonopod tegumental glands(GTG) of Scylla serrata grouped about the ejaculatory canal.The first gonopod tapered quickly to a thin,curved process terminating in a point.Tegumental glands were located at approximately 2/5 of the gonopod length,also some situated much further between approximately 3/5 or 4/5 of the gonopod length.GTG resembling the PTG(pleopod tegumental glands).The same group glands or a single gland show different intensely staining neutral mucopolysaccharide(NMPS) and an intensely staini...国家863项目(2002AA603013)资

Biodiversity of the ectomycorrhiza on the rare and endangered tree species Tuga chinensis tchekiangensis(Flous) Cheng in Wuyishan Nature Reserve

对武夷山国家级自然保护区残遗与濒危树种南方铁杉植物群落历经了6年的调查,共采集了123种外生菌根,经显微与超显微技术鉴定了84种,这一结果是迄今为止已发表的,在同一树种中菌根类型最多的记录.它不仅证明了武夷山地区的菌物区系由于处于东西相连,南北贯通的位置上,而且从区系成分上据有温热两带俱全的特点,因而形成生物多样性,并从共生菌的角度再度揭示了物种协同进化的规律.Systematic investigation was made on ectomycorrhizae in the woods of a variety of Tsuga chinensis,tchekiangensis(Flous) Cheng,in Wuyishan Nature Reserve in the past six years.During that period,120 ectomycorrhiza samples were collected and 84 types identified by analysing their macro-micro-and ultrastructure.This is the first time that so many types of mycorrhiza in the forests of the species are reported on.This result has proved Wuyishan's geographical position at the cross where a fungi growing area links the east and west,south and north.Thus the region owns the characteristics of both the temperate and the subtropical zone and it is thus such peculiarity whereby its biodiversity is created.Moreover,considering the results of this investigation in the regard of symbiosis between plants and fungi,their co-evolution is ascertained once more.国家自然科学基金资助项目(39770004);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(C97003,D0410002

Design and Application of Patent Developing Index

针对我国专利发展面临的总量可观、人均偏少、结构欠优和质量过低的形势,在综合专利评价指标及相关发展指数的设计经验的基础上,设计了我国专利发展指数,并从国内和国际两个层面运用该指数进行专利发展水平评价。结果显示:专利发展指数能全局性地、动态地反映各主体的专利发展状况,以及各评价对象的相对优、劣势及原因,对于绩效评价和辅助决策有一定的参考意义。According to China′s patent development situation,namely considerable gross,less per capita,under optimal structure and too low quality,this paper synthesizes the design experience about the patent assessment index as well as the related development index to design China′s patent developing index(PDI),and demonstrates the application of this index in domestic and international levels.The results show that PDI could reflect the patent development situation of each subject globally and dynamically,and relative advantages and disadvantages of evaluation object and the reasons,which has certain references for the performance evaluation and auxiliary decision-making

GSM跳频数字直放站中FCCH检测算法的研究

检测FCCH（频率校正信道）对于GSM（全球移动通信系统）跳频数字直放站的同步和解调出基站广播信息起着非常重要的作用。文章分析了GSM公共控制信道中FCCH和SCH（同步信道）脉冲结构,介绍了一种基于FFT（快速傅里叶变换）算法的FCCH快速检测方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能准确地捕获到FCCH,缩小SCH的搜索范围,使系统快速达到同步

Research on Experimental Method of Piston Thermal Load Based on Laser Heating Technique

通过对发动机活塞实际工作温度场分布规律与冷却特点的分析,提出了以激光作为热源,应用能量分配与光学转换技术模拟再现活塞温度场分布及热负荷作用的试验方法。研究结果表明该方法对活塞顶部不同区域温度可控,瞬态温度模拟真实,损伤监测到位,试验效率高。为今后开展活塞热损伤,热疲劳机理研究及提高活塞热负荷评估试验的置信度奠定了基础

磷石膏净化预处理技术

采用硫酸酸解与有机溶剂萃取相结合的技术手段对磷石膏进行净化处理,脱除包裹及黏附的石英及无机碳等不溶性杂质;考察酸解温度、硫酸浓度、液固质量比、反应时间等因素对磷石膏净化效果的影响。磷石膏经深度净化后获得纯度大于99%、白度大于90%的无水硫酸钙中间产品,与高浓度CO_2气体在加压条件下发生碳酸化反应所得碳酸钙产品纯度大于99%,蓝光白度大于92%,平均粒径6.2μm,可作为附加值更高的高白轻质碳酸钙产品利用

双源电子束蒸发提高光学薄膜致密性的工艺研究

采用双源电子束蒸发的方法,在K9玻璃基片上蒸镀Si和SiO2得到的混合膜层,折射率不仅可调,而且比Si膜要高.用原子力显微镜(AFM)分别对单纯镀的Si膜与双源电子束蒸发镀的Si/SiO2混合膜层的表面形貌进行了观测,结果表明,前者表面疏松,有明显的孔洞结构;后者膜层表面细密.采用双源蒸发的成膜理论,对该方法提高膜层致密性的原因进行了探讨