~1H-NMR Spectroscopy-based Metabonomic Research on Urine of Model Rats of Wilson's Disease

目的:以基于核磁共振(nuClEAr MAgnETIC rESOnAnCE,nMr)的代谢组学方法对WIlSOn病(WIlSOn'S dISEASE,Wd)铜负荷模型大鼠及正常对照组大鼠的尿液进行研究,分析模型大鼠尿液中代谢物的变化,继而从小分子层面探讨铜过量对机体的损伤机制,以更加清楚的认识本病。方法:28只雄性WISTAr大鼠,体重(180±20)g,随机被分为模型组(n=14)和健康对照组(n=14)。采用铜负荷法制作WIlSOn病大鼠模型,以nMr技术对大鼠尿液进行检测。采用MESTrE-C 2.3软件及自编软件对谱图进行手动调相、基线校正和谱峰对齐。对样品进行分段积分,将积分数据归一化后构成数据矩阵,并利用PCA方法对数据矩阵进行统计分析。结果:相对于正常对照组,模型组大鼠尿液醋酸盐(ACETATE)含量有显著升高,柠檬酸盐(CITrATE)、苯乙酰甘氨酸(PAg)、琥珀酸盐(SuCCInATE)、甲胺(METHylAMInE)、肌氨酸+肌氨酸酐(CrEATInE/CrEATInInE)、丙酮酸盐(PyruVATE)、二甲基甘氨酸(dMg)、丙氨酸(AlAnInE)含量有所升高,胆碱(CHOlInE)、牛磺酸(TAurInE)含量有所降低。这些发生改变的代谢物可能是潜在的Wd铜负荷小分子代谢标志物,可为进一步研究Wd的铜过量代谢机制提供参考。Objective :Applying 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR)based metabonomics to study the changes of small molecular metabolites in the urine of the model rats of Wilson's disease.To explore the pathogenesis of Wilson's disease in small molecular aspect.Methods :28 male Wistar rats[weight=(180±20) g] were divided into two groups randomly,the model group(n=14)and the control group(n=14),with the models established by copper-loaded method.Urine of the rats was tested with 1H-NMR technology.The spectra was edited with MestRe-C2.3 and self-programmed software and then principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to differentiate the two groups.Results :Acetate concentration was found to be significantly higher in the urine of the model group;citrate,PAG,succinate,methylamine,creatine/creatinine,pyruvate,DMG,and alanine were higher,and choline and taurine were lower in the urine of the model group.The small molecular metabolites mentioned above may contribute to the discrimination of the two groups,and provide references for further researches on the pathogenesis of WD.安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目(KJ2012Z228); 安徽中医学院自然科学基金项目(2011ZR008B

Metabonomic Research on Curative Mechanism of Gandouling Treating Model Rats of Wilson's Disease

目的:以基于核磁共振(nuClEAr MAgnETIC rESOnAnCE,nMr)的代谢组学方法对肝豆灵干预WIlSOn病(WIlSOn'S dISEASE,Wd)模型大鼠进行研究,分析肝豆灵干预后,Wd模型大鼠尿液中代谢物的变化,从小分子层面探讨肝豆灵对Wd的治疗作用机制。方法:42只雄性WISTAr大鼠,体重(180±20)g,随机被分为健康对照组(n=14)、模型组(n=14)和肝豆灵组(n=14)。采用铜负荷法制作WIlSOn病大鼠模型,以nMr技术对大鼠尿液进行检测,经MESTrE-C 2.3软件及自编软件对谱图进行手动调相、基线校正和谱峰对齐。对样品进行分段积分,将积分数据归一化后构成数据矩阵,并利用PCA方法对数据矩阵进行统计分析。结果:相对于模型组,肝豆灵组大鼠尿液色氨酸(TryPTOPHAn)、马尿酸盐(HIPPurATE)、苯基丙氨酸(PHEnylAlAnInE)、甘氨酸(glyCInE)、苯乙酰甘氨酸(PAg)含量有显著升高;乳酸(lACTATE)、甜菜碱(TMAO/bETAInE)、甲酸盐(fOrMATE)、二甲基甘氨酸(dMg)含量有所升高;柠檬酸盐(CITrATE)、肌氨酸酐(CrEATInInE)、谷氨酰胺(gluTAMInE)含量显著降低;丙酮酸盐(PyruVATE)甲基胍(METHylguAnIdInE)、丙酮(ACETOnE)、牛磺酸(TAurInE)含量有所降低。这些发生改变的代谢物可为进一步研究肝豆灵干预Wd的作用机制提供参考。Objective:Applying 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR)based metabonomics to study the changes of small molecular metabolites in the urine of model rats of WD treated with Gandouling.To explore the curative mechanism of Gandouling on the model rats in small molecular aspect.Methods:42 male Wistar rats[weight=(180±20)g]were divided into three groups randomly,the model group(n=14),the control group(n=14),and the Gandouling group(n=14),with the models established with copper-loaded method.Urine of the rats was tested with 1H-NMR technology.The spectra were edited with MestRe-C2.3 and self-programmed software and then principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to differentiate the three groups.Results:Compared with those of the model group,tryptophan,hippurate,phenylalanine,glycine and PAG concentration were found to be significantly higher;lactate,TMAO/betaine,formate and DMG were higher;citrate,creatinine and glutamine were significantly lower;pyruvate,methylguanidine,acetone and taurine were lower in the urine of the Gandouling group.The small molecular metabolites mentioned above may contribute to the curative mechanism of Gandouling,and provide references for further researches on the treatment mechanism of WD.安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目(KJ2012Z228); 安徽中医学院自然科学基金项目(2011ZR008B

Effect of Air Duct Layout on the Airflow in Data Center Using Under-floor Air Distribution (2) Experimental Verification

The huge amount of energy consumed in data centers has prompted researchers to continue studying how to improve their energy efficiency, and according to a US Environmental Protection Agency report, the energy consumption in data centers is doubling every five years; in contrast, the energy consumption in data centers in China have a growth rate significantly higher than the average level globally. Improving the efficiency of the refrigeration system and optimizing the data center airflow pattern will minimize the energy consumption. This paper is the second part of an investigation aiming to find a more satisfying airflow pattern in a data center and to help provide servers with a safer and more reliable operating environment. Based on the simulation described in Part I, the optimal model, including six groups of duct structures, is verified. The odd-numbered sub-modules of the data center were taken as the measured objects, changing the perforation rate of the floor, and the angle of the baffle, to obtain the six groups of reasonable airflow patterns. A comparison of the two key parameters of the front door air supply, namely, the speed and temperature, proves the reliability of the simulated airflow. The maximum relative deviation between the measured and simulated velocity is 17%, and the maximum relative deviation of temperature is 5%, which shows that the simulated temperature and velocity fields are in agreement with the measurement. Concerning the data center heat flux density and energy consumption, the air supply conditions of the cooling system are changed to achieve a comparative analysis of the temperature field under various working conditions. The return air temperature index (RTI) is employed as an evaluation indicator to find that the recommended air supply temperature range, which is 16–19 ℃. The results of this investigation can provide reference for the design of a data center using an under-floor air distribution

Effect of Air Duct Layout on Airflow in Data Center Using Under-floor Air Distribution (1) Numerical Design

A sub-module (three-row cabinet as an example) of data center with the cold channel closed in an array of odd-numbered columns is taken as the subject to be investigated. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to visualize the compound effect of the plenum height and floor perforation rate on the airflow in the data center. The temperature fields of 25 typical models with various combinations of plenum heights and floor perforation rates were analyzed to find the best match of 600-700 mm (plenum height) and 20%–50% (perforation rate). Furthermore, eight plenum height and perforation rate models that fell within the above range were compared to find the best uniform temperature distribution inside the cabinets. Based on the results, a baffle was erected in the plenum at four angles from -15° to 45° to obtain the most satisfying cooling effect. The results showed that the optimal model for the data center sub-module had a plenum height of 600 mm, perforation rate of 20%, and 15° baffle

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements