The Roles of Various Character Decoding Skills in Children's Reading Acquisition

探讨不同汉字解码技能在小学生阅读理解发展中的作用。 208名二、四年级学生完成了认读准确性、流利性、声旁意识、形旁意识等汉字解码技能测验及阅读理解和言语理解测验。 结果表明, 汉字解码技能是阅读理解变异的重要来源。 汉字认读准确性对二、四年级学生的阅读理解均有显著的独立贡献, 汉字认读流利性仅对二年级学生有显著的独立贡献, 声旁与形旁意识没有显著的独立贡献。 结果对认识儿童阅读发展及有效促进阅读学习具有启示

The relationship between depressive symptoms and reduced pleasure forecasting: the mediating role of low pleasure belief

摘要：情绪预期是指个体对于未来事件引起的情绪反应的预测。前人研究发现，抑郁症状更多的个体比抑郁症状更少的个体预期更少的愉快情绪，然而其背后的工作机制尚未清楚。低愉快信念是指个体认为某些特定的活动不愉快，或个体认为自己总体上不能体验到愉快情绪。低愉快信念可能影响情绪预期的加工，也可能与抑郁症状存在联系，因此低愉快信念可能是抑郁症状与情绪预期缺损的中介因素。本研究将探讨低愉快信念与抑郁症状的关系，并进一步探讨低愉快信念在抑郁症状与降低的愉快情绪预期中的中介作用。本研究共收集1427份有效问卷，其中男生411人(22.88&plusmn;2.50岁)，女生1016人(21.95&plusmn;2.25岁)。研究采用贝克抑郁量表对抑郁症状进行测量；采用愉快信念量表测量低愉快信念；采用时间性愉快体验量表、期待性与即时性人际间愉快体验量表中的期待性条目测量对愉快情绪的预期。本研究采用偏相关分析探讨低愉快信念与抑郁症状的关系，并采用结构方程模型探讨低愉快信念的中介作用。研究结果发现，在控制了年龄与性别的条件下，低愉快信念与抑郁症状之间存在显著的正相关（r=0.36, p&lt;0.001）。此外，观测数据与假设的中介模型吻合度良好(RMSEA=0.007; CFI=1; TLI=0.999; &chi;2=1.07; p=0.30)，低愉快信念的中介作用显著(&beta;=-0.14, 90% CI=-0.173 to &ndash; 0.111, p&lt;0.001)。研究结果提示了抑郁症状个体可能有低愉快信念，并且低愉快信念可能是造成抑郁症状人群减少的愉快情绪预期的原因之一。</p

新颖材料器件为全息显示带来的新机遇 = Novel materials and devices bring new opportunities for holographic display

三维显示是人类获取身临其境视觉信息的有效途径，其中全息技术能够提供人眼所需的全部深度信息，被认为是理想的三维显示方式.然而受目前显示器件的限制，如可刷新调制器件的时间-空间（时空）带宽积受限、海量数据云处理速率限制、图像质量不高的问题等，全息显示技术的发展进入了瓶颈期.为了提高显示质量、扩大时空带宽积、提升系统性能，需要发展崭新的全息显示器件，从根本上解决目前遇到的问题.超颖材料、超构表面以及二维材料等诸多新颖材料的涌现为全息显示带来新的机遇.超颖材料（表面）通过特殊设计，利用远小于波长的超构单元实现对波前各向同性或各向异性的振幅与相位的特异调控，进而将全息信息映射到超颖材料（表面）全息显示器件上，通过调控光波实现各种显示.发展可刷新的超构（表面、二维）材料并应用于动态全息显示中是未来的重要方向.虽然现有的新颖器件还面临着各种问题，但它们可为全息显示的发展提供潜在的可行性和新的视角与发展动力. Three-dimentional (3D) display is one of the effective ways to obtain visual information feeling like actual environment. Since holographic technique can provide full depth information for human eyes, it is considered to be an ideal 3D display technique. However, it is limited by the features of display elements and devices, such as the time-space (time and space) bandwidth product, massive data processing speed and low image quality and so on. To improve the display quality, expand the time-space bandwidth product, improve the performance of the system, and overcome the limitation, optical elements and devices made from novel materials are introduced, such as metamaterials, metasurfaces and two-dimensional (2D) materials, and thus bringing new challenges and opportunities to holographic display. Meta-atom structure whose unit size is much less than wavelength is designed and fabricated specially, and it can realize the isotropical or anisotropical manipulation of the amplitude and phase of the light wave. By encoding the meta-atom structures into the hologram, the 2D or 3D images can be achieved. The development of a refreshable metamaterials and their applications in dynamic holographic display will be one of the most important topics in the future. Though the 2D or 3D holographic displays based on the elements and devices made from novel materials still have some basic problems, it is expected that they would bring new impetus and promising perspective for the future display market.Published versio

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies