Research on The Constitutional Reform of “city governing county” System

中华人民共和国成立以来宪法沿革与法律更替，逐步肯定将辖县权仅仅授予较大的市的行政区划宪定格局。但伴随市管县体制的全面推广，辖县权几乎被普及到所有的地级市。地方政府层级突破宪法规定的省—县—乡三级政府，演变为省—市—县—乡四级政府。市管县体制虽然在一定程度上起到了积极的作用，但因为该体制的存在和发展缺乏宪法依据，缺乏合宪性基础，给我国宪法秩序带来了负面影响。 本文将从宪法和行政组织法的角度，结合经济学和行政学的相关知识，在对市管县体制进行法律分析，综合考虑我国目前的实际情况，在宪法规定的框架范围内，提出构建中国宪政框架的新型市县关系的思路和建议。为了较为清晰的展现法治视野下的理性市县关系本质，...Since the foundation of People's Republic of China, the development of the Constitution and the changing of laws gradually made it certain that jurisdiction right over the county shall be only granted to "large cities" in the constitutional pattern of administrative divisions. However, along with the wide spread of the "city governing county" system, nearly very prefecture-level city has the right...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1292006115060

Design and Implement of Material Management System for Fuel Oil Sales Company

物资管理是石油企业降低成本、提高管理效率的重要环节。物资管理系统具有信息录入量大，查询请求多，查询条件繁杂等特点。某燃料油公司西北销售公司各地区经营部物资管理没有上线专门的物资管理系统，账目汇总只能靠手工完成，使用人员也仅局限于供应科会计与库房管理人员，管理效率非常低下。 为有效提高物资管理效率，将物资管理简便化、快速化、现代化，结合西北销售公司各地区经营部的实际管理需要，本文采用B/S模式，将物资管理流程构建为web系统，并结合web体系结构的优势开发了物料库存查询、物料描述编辑等一系列功能。本文重点对物资管理系统的构建过程进行了介绍，包括数据库的设计、各功能模块的实现以及用户操作界面的设...Material management is a very important way to reduce costs and improve management efficiency for fuel oil companies. Material management system has many characteristics, such as large amount of information query, and the high query complexity. Operating departments of Northwest Sales Company did not have on-line material management system, and account summary could only be done by hand. Users wer...学位：工程硕士院系专业：软件学院_工程硕士(软件工程)学号：X201123019

Study on Mechanical Property of Silicon Nitride Thin Film and the Application in RF MEMS Switches

氮化硅薄膜具有致密的结构、高强度和良好的耐磨性能,可用于MEMS器件中作为结构部件.本文采用PECVD法制备氮化硅薄膜,对氮化硅薄膜的杨氏模量和硬度进行了测试,并分析了沉积温度、反应气体流量比对薄膜杨氏模量和硬度的影响.应用氮化硅薄膜作为悬梁,制作了射频MEMS开关.Silicon nitride thin film is often used in MEMS devices as structure part because of its high density and strength. The silicon nitride films were prepared by PECVD method. The test of Young’s Modules and hardness on silicon nitride films were carried on. The relationship between Young’s Modules, hardness and deposition temperature, reaction gas flow ratio was analyzed. The RF MEMS switch was fabricated using silicon nitride as fixed-fixed beam.国家自然科学基金资助(60301006);; 福建省科技重点项目资助(2005H029

Investigation for Metal Lift-off Process in RF MEMS Switch

研究用bP212正性光刻胶(浸泡氯苯)、AzP4620正性光刻胶(浸泡氯苯)、Az5214E反转光刻胶光刻后的图形剥离金属的难易度及图形质量.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察不同光刻胶及浸泡氯苯后的侧壁图形,并分析不同侧壁图形的形成机理,找出最佳工艺参数,并应用于射频MEMS开关制作中的金属剥离.The lift-off processes of BP212 positive photoresist(and chlorobenzene treatment) and AZP4620 positive photoresist(and chlorobenzene treatment) were studied.AZ5214E image-reversal photoresist was also studied.Side wall graphics were observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The forming mechanism of different lateral wall pattern was analysed.The optimum process parameters were found and used in metal lift-off in RF MEMS switches.国家青年基金资助项目(60301006);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(A0310012

The Study on Mechanical Properties of Thin Film in Micro-electromechanical Systems

主要介绍微机电系统(MEMS)中几种测量薄膜力学性能的方法,如纳米压入法、单轴拉伸法、基底弯曲法、微旋转结构法,比较了各种方法的优缺点。这对MEMS器件的设计与研究具有重要意义。Some methods of measuring mechanical properties of thin film in Micro-electromechanical systems are intro-duced including nanoindentation,single axial tension,wafer curvature,micro rotating structure,etc.Their advantages and disadvantages are compared.It is useful for the design and researchment of MEMS devices.国家基金青年基金(60301006);; 福建省自然科学基金(A0310012);; 国家留学基金项目资

The Intersexual Differences of Sexual Dimorphism,Feeding Habits and Locomotor Performance at Different Temperatures of Southern Grass Lizard(Takydromus sexlineatus) in Zhaoqing,China

通过测量头、尾、体和胃检,研究肇庆南草蜥TAkydrOMuS SEXlInEATuS个体发育过程中两性异形和食性差异。南草蜥成体个体两性大小无显著差异,雄性头部显著大于雌性,两性头部大小异形可能是受到性选择压力的结果。雌雄个体食物生态位重叠度较高,两性生态位差异微弱,食性差异与两性头部异形无明显相关性。通过设计13种不同的环境温度,研究体温变化对南草蜥两性个体运动能力表现的影响。结果显示环境温度通过影响体温而影响南草蜥的运动表现,两性个体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的模式。在多数测试温度下,雄体的疾跑速均略大于雌体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对南草蜥的最大持续运动距离和停顿次数的影响显著,两性个体的疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著正相关。雄性和雌性分别在26℃和30℃具有最佳的运动表现。Southern grass lizard( Takydromus sexlineatus) was collected from Zhaoqing,Guandong province to determine the sexual dimorphism and dietary habits by measuring the lengths of head,tail and body,and examining the items in the stomach.The results showed that there was no significant difference in body size.However,male individuals had significantly larger head size than females,which might be due to the divergent sexual selection pressure.A relatively high food niche overlap was observed between the sexes.There was little relationship between food habits and head dimorphism.By designing 13 different ambient temperatures,we determined the relationship between body temperature and locomotor performance of the adults.Ambient temperature affected locomotor performance by influencing the body temperature.Sprint speed increased with increasing body temperature at lower body temperature,while decreasing with increasing body temperatures at higher body temperatures,which was similar between the sexes.However,males ran slightly faster than females in most cases,but intersexual difference of sprint speed was not statistically significant.Body temperature also influenced the maximal move distance and pause times.Sprint speed was positively correlated with the maximal move distance.The optimal temperatures of locomotor performance differed between the sexes: about 26℃ for males and 30 ℃ for females,respectively.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271124); 广东省自然科学基金(06300177); 广东省高等教育教学改革项目(粤财教[2012]361号); 大学生创新性实验计划项目(DC201316)共同资

The Intersexual Differences of Sexual Dimorphism,Feeding Habits and Locomotor Performance at Different Temperatures of Southern Grass Lizard(Takydromus sexlineatus) in Zhaoqing,China

通过测量头、尾、体和胃检,研究肇庆南草蜥TAkydrOMuS SEXlInEATuS个体发育过程中两性异形和食性差异。南草蜥成体个体两性大小无显著差异,雄性头部显著大于雌性,两性头部大小异形可能是受到性选择压力的结果。雌雄个体食物生态位重叠度较高,两性生态位差异微弱,食性差异与两性头部异形无明显相关性。通过设计13种不同的环境温度,研究体温变化对南草蜥两性个体运动能力表现的影响。结果显示环境温度通过影响体温而影响南草蜥的运动表现,两性个体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的模式。在多数测试温度下,雄体的疾跑速均略大于雌体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对南草蜥的最大持续运动距离和停顿次数的影响显著,两性个体的疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著正相关。雄性和雌性分别在26℃和30℃具有最佳的运动表现。Southern grass lizard( Takydromus sexlineatus) was collected from Zhaoqing,Guandong province to determine the sexual dimorphism and dietary habits by measuring the lengths of head,tail and body,and examining the items in the stomach.The results showed that there was no significant difference in body size.However,male individuals had significantly larger head size than females,which might be due to the divergent sexual selection pressure.A relatively high food niche overlap was observed between the sexes.There was little relationship between food habits and head dimorphism.By designing 13 different ambient temperatures,we determined the relationship between body temperature and locomotor performance of the adults.Ambient temperature affected locomotor performance by influencing the body temperature.Sprint speed increased with increasing body temperature at lower body temperature,while decreasing with increasing body temperatures at higher body temperatures,which was similar between the sexes.However,males ran slightly faster than females in most cases,but intersexual difference of sprint speed was not statistically significant.Body temperature also influenced the maximal move distance and pause times.Sprint speed was positively correlated with the maximal move distance.The optimal temperatures of locomotor performance differed between the sexes: about 26℃ for males and 30 ℃ for females,respectively.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271124); 广东省自然科学基金(06300177); 广东省高等教育教学改革项目(粤财教[2012]361号); 大学生创新性实验计划项目(DC201316)共同资

PPARα促进自噬流抑制脑缺血后星形胶质细胞的过度激活

目的阐明过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)在脑缺血后星形胶质细胞活化中的作用及机制。方法大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)建立小鼠脑缺血损伤模型,缺氧缺糖再灌注(OGD/R)建立小鼠原代培养星形胶质细胞活化模型。应用PPARαnull小鼠及PPARα激动剂,观察PPARα功能缺失或者激活后对星形胶质细胞活化的影响。进一步通过观察自噬经典标记物LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和P62表达变化,联合应用巴弗洛霉素或雷帕霉素观察自噬流的变化,应用自噬双标腺病毒(mRFP-GFP-LC3)检测自噬体和自噬溶酶体的变化,应用透射电子显微镜观察超微结构等方法,研究PPARα功能缺失或者激活后对星形胶质细胞自噬的影响。结果 PPARαnull小鼠或原代培养的PPARαnull星形胶质细胞在脑缺血损伤或OGD/R处理后,星形胶质细胞活化标记物GFAP,Neurocan等的表达较野生型对照组相比明显增加。脑缺血损伤或OGD/R处理后活化星形胶质细胞中存在自噬流障碍,自噬双标腺病毒检测及透射电子显微镜的结果均发现活化的星形胶质细胞中存在大量自噬小体的堆积,PPARαnull星形胶质细胞较野生对照组相比堆积更加明显,而PPARα激动剂可显著改善自噬流障碍,抑制星形胶质细胞的过度活化。结论 PPARα可促进脑缺血后星形胶质细胞的自噬流,抑制星形胶质细胞的过度活化。国家自然科学基金(81603093)细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)开放课题基金(SKLCSB2019KF016

肝癌发展中FasL及其受体Fas/DcR3的表达分析

目的研究小鼠肿瘤发生早期肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员FasL及其受体的表达特点,及其与免疫调节相关分子表达的时空关系,探讨其在诱导肿瘤免疫耐受中的作用。方法建立小鼠实体瘤模型,采用RT-PCR方法检测肿瘤组织中可溶型FasL、Fas及DcR3、TGF-β、IL-10在肿瘤发生不同时相的表达,同时,应用ELISA方法定量检测血清中TGF-β、IL-10的表达。结果在早期的肿瘤组织中,Fas的表达先于DcR3,其后DcR3大量表达,而Fas的表达则下调直至丢失,DcR3、FasL同时表达并上调,TGF-β和IL-10也随肿瘤的表达而上调。TGF-β同DcR3的表达具有空间位置的一致性。FasL、DcR3、TGF-β和IL-10的表达水平同肿瘤的生长呈正相关。结论随着肿瘤不断的生长,肿瘤局部的免疫应答逐渐趋向于负调节,FasL、DcR3在诱导肿瘤免疫耐受的过程中可能发挥着重要作用

高致病性禽流感病毒广谱嵌合抗体的构建表达及活性研究

高致病性禽流感病毒高度变异且缺乏有效的治疗药物.在前期研究工作中,本课题组发现一株鼠源广谱中和单抗13D4,在动物实验中显示出对H5N1禽流感病毒具有广谱治疗效果.在本研究中,从分泌13D4单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株中抽提总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增出轻重链可变区DNA序列,并分别与人IgG1的轻重链恒定区基因序列拼接,构建人-鼠嵌合抗体.筛选出稳定表达嵌合抗体的CHO细胞株,从培养上清中纯化出嵌合抗体.竞争Elisa结果表明,嵌合抗体与鼠源单抗能够识别同一个抗原表位并具有相似的亲和力.血凝抑制反应和中和活性测定结果证明,13D4嵌合抗体保留了对不同亚型H5N1病毒的广谱反应性,并且对两株H5N1病毒具有中和活性.本研究获得的13D4嵌合抗体将具有潜在的治疗价值