基于SODA资料的南海表层风能输入的空间分布与长期趋势研究

海面风不仅是驱动上层海洋运动的主要动力,其能量也是维持海洋表层流动的主要机械能来源。为了分析南海表层流风能输入的变化,用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)(1901—2010)资料估算了风向南海表层流(表层地转流+表层非地转流)的能量输入。结果表明,风向南海表层流、表层地转流和表层非地转流输入的能量总体均呈减少趋势, 110年间分别减小了约56%、65%和49%。导致风能输入减小的最主要因素是风应力的减弱(减小了35%)。由于南海受季风系统的控制,风向表层流及其各成分输入的能量呈现出显著的季节性变化。冬季风能输入最强,高值区位于南海西部及北部区域,呈一个显著的\"回力镖\"状结构。这些结果对深入认识南海环流具有理论意义。国家自然科学基金项目(41676021、41541040、91228202);;近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放课题(MELRS1608)~

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

绛红色小单孢菌生长中细胞结构变化的研究

绛红色小单孢菌生长中细胞结构变化的研究管玉霞，黄宗平（厦门大学细胞生物学研究室，厦门361005）绛红色小单孢菌生长过程中菌体形态电镜观察已有报道￣［1］。但该菌在生长中细胞结构有何变化，这种变化与产抗有什么关系，迄今尚未见报道。本文旨在用扫描电子显..

Observation on the cellular morphological and structural changes of Micromonospora purpurea in Fermentation process

对庆大霉素产生菌──绛红色小单孢菌发酵中细胞形态、结构变化进行了研究。扫描电镜观察，发现生长期细胞表面布满微小颗粒，生产期则形成较大突起。透射电镜观察到不同培养期细胞膜、细胞壁、细胞质、核区等超微结构都有明显变化。生长期细胞膜弯曲，胞壁薄厚不匀，核区、核糖体等清晰；生产期细胞膜与胞壁平行，胞壁变薄，出现横隔和间体。发现绛红色小单孢菌在生长期、生产期均形成横隔，提出在液体培养基中该菌以横隔方式进行繁殖。Cellular morphological and structural changes of M.purpurea(gentamicin producer)in Fermentation process were studied.Abundance of micro granules spread over the surFace of cells at trophophase,and transForm into larger protuberances at idiophase could be observed under the scanning electron microscope,while observation under the transmittance electron microscope,signiFicant changes of the plasmic membranes,cellwalls,cytoplasms,nuclear zone and other ultrastrtictures had taken place at diFFerent culture periods during the trophophase,and in the idiophase,winding of membranes,uneven thickness of cell walls and nuclear zone,as well as ribosomes became clear,cell wall became thin and parallel with the membranes,segnents and mesosomes are observed in this stage.Micromonospora purpurea produced segments in both phases,the authours proposed that in liquid medium Fermentation,the strain diFFerentiation process Followed the segment mode

中国脑血管病临床管理指南（第2版）（节选）——第8章 脑血管病康复管理 Chinese Stroke Association Guidelines for Clinical Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases (Second Edition) (Excerpt)——Chapter Eight Cerebrovascular Disease Rehabilitation Management

卒中具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率的特点。卒中康复可最大限度改善患者的功能障碍，预防并发症，提高ADL能力，促进患者回归家庭，融入社会。规范的康复流程和方案尤为关键。本指南将介绍卒中康复管理模式即三级康复网络的主要内容，并就具体功能障碍的评估和康复方案（运动功能障碍、感觉障碍、吞咽障碍、构音障碍、失语、认知障碍、心肺功能障碍、心理障碍）、ADL和社会参与障碍康复、职业康复、合并症（皮肤破损、挛缩、深静脉血栓形成、肠道和膀胱失禁、偏瘫性肩痛、肩手综合征、中枢性疼痛、骨质疏松）的评估和康复以及康复护理等多方面形成了推荐意见。 Abstract: Stroke is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and high disability. Rehabilitation for stroke patients can improve dysfunctions and activities of daily living (ADL), and potentially prevent stroke-related complications. Therefore, surviving patients could return to their families and fit into the world. Standardized rehabilitation procedures and programs are particularly critical. This guideline will introduce the stroke rehabilitation management model, the tertiary stroke rehabilitation network. Recommendations were formed on the assessment and rehabilitation of specific functional disorders (motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, dysphagia, dysarthria, aphasia, cognitive disorder, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, psychological disorder), rehabilitation of ADL and social participation disorders, vocational rehabilitation, assessment and rehabilitation of complications (skin breakage, contracture, deep vein thrombosis, intestinal and bladder incontinence, hemiplegic shoulder pain, shoulder-hand syndrome, central pain, osteoporosis), and rehabilitation nursing

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors