Empirical Research on the Maintenance Time of Granted Patents in the Electricity Technological Field

专利的有效维持是专利价值实现的前提，专利维持时间是专利维持制度优劣的重要标志，也是反映专利制度运行绩效的关键指标。因此研究专利制度的有效性，必须以考察专利维持的实际状况入手。本文以电学类技术领域为研究对象，以美国、日本、韩国、德国、法国、中国授权发明专利数据作支撑，对电学类技术领域授权发明专利的维持时间进行论证分析，得到如下结论： 首先，电学类技术领域内授权发明专利的维持时间长短围绕各自国家授权的专利整体平均维持时间波动。美国发明专利的维持时间最长，其次是法国、日本、德国、韩国发明专利，而中国发明专利的维持时间最短。 其次，在电学类技术领域内，不同国家授权发明专利的优先权对发明专利维持时间...Patents maintaining is the precondition of the patent’s value realization, and the patent maintenance time is the symbol of patent system as well as the key indicator of the performance of the patent system operation. So if we want to study the validity of the patent system, we must begin with the examination of the actual situation of patent maintenance time. This paper's study is based on the li...学位：法律硕士院系专业：知识产权研究院_法律硕士学号：3252013115363

Empirical Analysis of the Maintenance Time of Patents Granted by Different Countries in the Technological Field of Chemical Metallurgy

技术领域是国际专利分类的重要工具,不同技术领域专利应该具有不同的特性。通过不同国家授权的化学冶金技术领域专利维持时间可以在一定程度上反映其专利价值。检索美日韩德法中等国授权的化学冶金技术领域专利相关信息,通过相关软件分析,得出如下结论:不同国家授权的化学冶金技术领域与整体技术领域的专利平均维持时间顺序分别一致;美国授权专利在维持到后期被终止率较高,日德法韩授权专利在维持到中后期时被终止率较高,中国授权专利在维持前期被终止率较高。The technical field is an important norm for the patent classification,and each technical field should have its own characteristics.The values of patents could be reflected by the situations of the maintenance time of patents granted by different countries in the technological field of chemical metallurgy.By retrieving the information of patents granted by America,Japan,Korea,Germany,French and China in the technical field of chemical metallurgy,conclusions based on the related software analysis results can be drawn like the follow-ing : the average maintenance time of patents of this technological field is consistent with the average maintenance time of all technical fields in each country; the terminated patents granted in America are mostly distributed in the last stage,and the terminated patents granted in Japan,Germany,France,and Korea are mostly distributed in the middle and last stages,while most of the patents granted in China are terminated in the early stage.国家自然科学基金面上项目“专利维持机理及维持规律实证研究”(编号:71373221

纳米硫化镉在对氨基苯硫酚自组装单层修饰金电极上的电化学合成

采用电流脉冲法在自组装了对氨基苯硫酚单层的金电极(PATP/Au)上电沉积硫化镉(CdS)纳米薄膜,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射谱(XRD)对其形貌和结构进行了表征,发现得到的是垂直基底生长的CdS纳米棒有序阵列.研究电沉积中电流脉冲参数的影响时发现:随着电流脉冲宽度增大,CdS纳米棒的尺寸增大,有序性降低;脉冲幅度增大,则纳米棒尺寸增大,覆盖度也随之增大.因此通过调节脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度,可对所制备的CdS纳米薄膜的形貌和尺寸进行调控.运用循环伏安法和计时电位法对电沉积机理进行了探究.根据实验结果我们认为Au电极自组装PATP单分子层后,PATP分子中的-NH2与溶液中Cd2+相互作用,使沉积时的电子通过表面的PATP分子链进行传递.并进一步提出纳米CdS在PATP/Au电极上电化学合成的生长机理

Determination of Microamouts of Ammonia in Meat by Nessler's Reagent Spectrophotometry

本文提出了一种测定肉中粗氨的方法,可用于肉品新鲜度的检验。在常温下,纳氏试剂与肉中粗氨反应生成淡红棕色胶态化合物,最大吸收波长为400nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.404×104L/mol·cm,线性方程为y=0.52x+0.0001,r=0.9997,线性范围为0～1.0μg/ml,回收率在97.8%～104.8%之间。A method for the determination of the crude ammonia in meat was presented in this paper. The method based on the color reaction of ammonia-Nessler's Reagent in room temperature. The results showed that the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.404 ×104 L/mol·cm at the wavelength of 400nm. Beer's law is obeyed for the ammonia in the range of 0～1.0 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient is 0.9995. The recovery rate is 97.8%～104.8%. The method has been applied satisfactorily to crude ammonia in meat.福建省科技计划重点项目(2004Y012

纳米TiO_2电极的特殊光电化学响应

应用涂膜法、电沉积法和溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2电极.实验发现,纳米TiO2具有特殊的光电化学响应,其光电流~电位变化出现光电流峰,这一特殊的光电化学性质乃与纳米半导体电极的纳米结构及其特殊的光诱导氧化还原反应机理密切相关

Effects of Metal Ions on the Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)

在玻碳电极上,联吡啶钌[Ru(bpy)32+]于+1.50V(vs.Ag/AgCl)左右被氧化为Ru(bpy)33+,该氧化态离子与碱性水溶液中(pH8.2)的OH?反应生成激发态的Ru(bpy)32+*而发光.研究比较了15种金属离子对Ru(bpy)32+碱性水溶液电致化学发光的影响,并对这些影响进行了初步的解释.Tris(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) [ Ru(bpy) 32+] was oxidized to its oxidated state,Ru(bpy) 33+,on a glassy carbon electrode at the potential of +1.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was caused by the reaction between Ru(bpy) 32+ and hydroxyl radical,OH?,generating the excited state of 2 Ru(bpy) 3+*. The effects of 15 kinds of metal ions on the Ru(bpy) 32+ ECL were studied.国家自然科学基金(No.20375033);; 福建省科技项目(Nos.2005I-030,2004Y012)资助项目

A Study of the Cleaning Methods on Pits and Fissures of Immature Permanent Teeth : Part-1 Evaluation of the penetrating possibility of sealant and the etching effect by using SEM

In order to prevent pits and fissures caries and to improve sealant\u27s retention rate, various cleaning methods on pits and fissures of newly erupted permanent teeth have been tested in the present study. Therefore, authors, using a brush-cone, tooth surface polisher (air flow) and a diamond fixed scratch point (D. F. S. P.) which was newly developed by our laboratory, cleaned the extracted human teeth which had no or slightly enameled caries. The authors also applied etching solution to the enamel surface of pits and fissures after cleaning. The effects of cleaning for the three cleaning methods and the resin tags of the sealant replicas were examined comparatively by using a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. When the pits and fissures were cleaned by brush-cone and tooth surface polisher, the residual deposit was found. However, when the cleaning of pits and fissures were done by a D. F. S. P., the residual deposit had been totally removed within the reach of the D. F. S. P. 2. From the observation of the etching effect on the enamel surface of pits and fissures and surface of sealant replicas, the penetration of sealant materials and the formation of the resin tags were found to be more certain when the D. F. S. P. was used. 3. With the use of the D. F. S. P., the improvement of the cleaning and etching effect resulted from slightly shaving the enamel. Therefore, the better retention of the pits and fissures sealant can be expected

聚苯胺对纳米CdS的光致发光增强效应

利用电化学脉冲沉积法在聚苯胺 ( PANI)膜上制备了纳米 Cd S/PANI复合膜 ,并利用扫描电镜光谱、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、拉曼和荧光等光谱技术表征复合膜的形貌、结构及性质 .Cd S/PANI复合膜中Cd S微粒呈现量子尺寸效应 ;Cd S和 PANI间存在相互作用 ;由于聚苯胺和 Cd S能级的合适匹配 ,聚苯胺对Cd S的光致发光 ( PL)有增强效应 ,增强机理为光生载流子的传递机

タイキョクケン ノ シュウジュク カテイ ニ オケル ノウハ ノ ヘンカ

金沢大学前：金沢大学大学院教育学研究科金沢学院大学In recent years, Taichi Chuan has been put to practical use throughout the world as one method of promoting mental and physical health. This study looked at people inexperienced in Taichi Chuan and measure

单根聚苯胺纳米线导电性的研究

纳米线(管)的模板合成和导电原子力显微镜(C鄄AFM)结合是一种近期发展起来研究单根一维纳米结构及阵列导电性的有效方法.本文利用C鄄AFM测量了阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板电化学合成制备的单根聚苯胺纳米线的电导率,研究了直径、氧化还原态对单根聚苯胺纳米线电导率的影响.从I-V曲线可以看到,其导电性质与半导体类似,但又不同于半导体.尚未观察到反向击穿现象,可能原因是,在一定的反向偏压下的离子脱嵌使得它由部分氧化态(导电态)转变为还原态(绝缘态);电导率随纳米线直径减小而线性地增加;以ClO-4离子掺杂的氧化态和还原态比部分氧化态的电导率低二个数量级