论当前我国就业问题的财政政策

就业问题是我国当前经济发展过程中一大瓶颈。财政政策能够促进就业问题的解决。财政可通过直接投资支出兴办公共工程、制订优惠政策、实行转移性支出促进社会保障制度的形成和发展、开征社会保障税、加强培训和就业服务等方式直接或间接创造就业机

Estimating Submarine Groundwater Discharge into the Jiaozhou Bay Using ~(226)Ra

海底地下水排泄(SGD)是全球水循环的一个组成部分,其输送的溶解物质不仅参与海洋的生物地球化学循环,而且影响近岸海域的生态环境。为了评估胶州湾海底地下水排泄状况,通过建立胶州湾内海水中226Ra的质量平衡模型来计算海底地下水排泄通量。胶州湾海水中226Ra的源主要有河流的输入、沉积物扩散输入和地下水的输入,海水系统在稳定状态下,这几种源应该与湾内海水和湾外海水的混合损失达到平衡。除了将地下水输入作为未知项外,对其他源和汇逐个进行量化,计算得知:2011年9—10月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为7.85×10~6m~3·d~(-1);2012年4—5月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为4.72×106m~3·d~(-1)。在此基础上,对地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐进行了评价。Submarine groundwater discharge( SGD) is a part of global water cycle,which delivers a large amount of solutes to the biogeochemical cycle and affects the coastal ecological environment. The ~(226)Ra mass balance model was established to estimate the submarine groundwater discharge to the Jiaozhou Bay. The ~(226)Ra sources include river transport,sediment diffusion and SGD,these sources should be in balance with the mixing loss of the bay water and open seawater when the seawater system is in the stable state. Except for the SGD was unknown item,other sources and sinks were quantified one by one. Calculated results showed that the SGD fluxes during September to October in 2011 was 7. 85 × 106m~3·d~(-1),April to May in 2012 was 4. 72 × 106m~3·d~(- 1). Based on the SGD fluxes,the SGD derived nutrient fluxes were estimated.国家自然科学基金项目(41072174)~

Application of Radon and Radium Isotopes in Estimating Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Coastal Areas

海底地下水排泄(Sgd)是海岸带陆海相互作用的一个重要的过程,其重要意义体现在它对海岸带水循环和地球化学循环的影响,以及它对沿岸海域生态环境的影响。国际上自从20世纪90年代中期开始系统研究海底地下水排泄以来,已经研究和开发出一整套较为完善的理论和方法,但Sgd的研究在我国才刚刚起步,相关报道极少见且缺乏不同方法的对比研究。目前,评价Sgd常用的方法有:渗流仪法、数值模拟法和地球化学示踪法。其中以氡和镭为代表的地球化学示踪法成为最具影响力的评价方法。该文详细介绍用氡和镭同位素评价Sgd的理论和方法及其适用条件。Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) is recognized as an important land-sea interaction in the coastal zone,for it is volumetrically and chemically significant to coastal water and chemical budgets,and it may have an influence on coastal ecological environment.Since the mid 90′s,a set of relatively complete theories and methods has been developed and established due to the systematic researches on SGD internationally.However the study on SGD has just begun in China,its relevant report is rarely available and short of comparison experiments of different methods.The current methods for SGD estimation mainly include: seepage meter measurement,numerical simulation,geochemical tracing method.Among those methods,geochemical tracing method has become one of the most powerful methods,and radium and radon as the representative of geochemical tracers has been extensively used.The methods and applicable conditions of SGD estimation using radon and radium isotopes are introduced in detail.近岸海域的海底地下水排泄及其海洋生态环境效应研究(编号40672166);多种方法研究胶州湾的海底地下水排泄(编号41072174

Temporal and spatial variation of nutrients in the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay and its fluxes into the sea

本文选取胶州湾周边5条主要入海河流作为研究对象,于2011秋季和2012年春季,测定了河流中无机营养盐的浓度水平,调查了各河流营养盐的主要来源,分析了营养盐的时空变化及成因,并计算了营养盐的入海通量.结果表明,各流域nO-3-n、SIO2-3-SI、nH+4-n、nO-2-n浓度主要表现为秋季较高,PO3-4-P浓度春季较高.白沙河、洋河流域营养盐主要来源为面源污染;墨水河、李村河流域营养盐主要来源于工业废水和生活污水;大沽河流域营养盐主要来源于农田径流和生活污水.除nH+4-n入海通量为墨水河最高外,其余各项营养盐入海通量均为大沽河最高.dIn、PO3-4-P、SIO2-3-SI入海通量分别为373.74x103MOl·d-1、7.08x103MOl·d-1、73.16x103MOl·d-1,n∶P∶SI数量比约为53∶1∶10.River runoff is the most important discharge pathway from mainland to sea,which is one of the reasons that the eutrophication and red tide occur frequently in parts of Jiaozhou Bay.The nutrient investigations about five relatively big rivers around Jiaozhou Bay were conducted in autumn of 2011 and spring of 2012,respectively.We measured the nutrient concentrations in river water, investigated the main resources of nutrients,analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of nutrients and its causes, and calculated the nutrient fluxes to Jiaozhou Bay.Results show that the concentrations of NO-3-N, SiO2-3-Si, NH+ 4-N and NO-2-N are higher in autumn while the concentration of PO3-4-P is higher in spring.Non-point source pollution is the main source of nutrients in Baisha River and Yang River.Industrial wastewater,urban sewage and household wastes are the main sources of nutrient in Moshui River,and the nutrients originate mainly from farmland runoff and sewage in Dagu river.Except for NH+ 4-N flux which is much higher in Moshui River,all other nutrient fluxes to the sea are comparatively higher in Dagu River.The calculated fluxes for DIN,PO3-4-P and SiO2-3-Si are 373.74 × 103mol·d- 1,7.08 ×103mol·d- 1and 73.16 × 103mol·d- 1, respectively,and the ratio of N,P and Si within the fluxes is 53 ∶ 1 ∶ 10.国家自然科学基金项目资助(41072174)资

The Evaluation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Jiaozhou Bay Based on ~(222)Rn Mass Balance

海底地下水排泄(Sgd)作为全球水循环的一个组成部分,近年来成为陆海相互作用的研究热点。地球化学示踪法是研究海底地下水排泄的主要手段。本文以环境同位素222rn作为示踪剂,通过构建222rn质量平衡模型来评价胶州湾的海底地下水排泄,并进一步估算地下水输入的营养盐。222rn质量平衡模型的源项考虑了河流的输入、沉积物的扩散、母体226rA的支持,汇项考虑了222rn的自身衰变、222rn散逸到大气的损失以及与湾外海水的混合损失,源汇项的差值则作为地下水输入的222rn通量。结果表明,2011年9—10月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为24.2 l？M–2？d–1,2012年4—5月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为7.8 l？M–2？d–1。丰水季节地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐低于河流输入的,但是枯水季节地下水输入的营养盐接近河流输入的,特别是输入的活性磷酸盐和硅酸盐很接近。Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD), an important part of global water cycle, has recently been a research focus in the field of land-ocean interaction along the coastal zone.Geochemical tracing is a major tool to study submarine groundwater discharge.Taking natural occurring isotope 222 Rn as a tracer, the authors built 222 Rn mass balance model to estimate groundwater discharge to Jiaozhou Bay, and also evaluated the nutrient fluxes transported via groundwater.River input, dispersion of sediments, and support from parent 226 Ra are considered to be the sources of 222 Rn mass balance model, whereas radioactive decay, escape from sea-water interface to air and loss in mixing with the low activity water from open ocean are considered to be the sink of the model.Thus, the imbalance of budget from the model is attributed to submarine groundwater discharge.Calculations show that submarine groundwater discharge flux to Jiaozhou Bay was 24.2 L·m–2·d–1 from September to October in 2011, and 7.8 L·m–2·d–1 from April to May in 2014, respectively.The results of the study also indicate that the nutrient fluxes derived from groundwater during the wet season are lower than those transported by the local rivers, whereas the nutrient fluxes derived from groundwater during the dry season are close to those transported by the local rivers and, what is more, soluble reactive phosphate and silicate fluxes from both groundwater and river are very close to each other.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41072174)资

重组人血管内皮生长抑制因子对人肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的放射效应影响

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑制因子(recombinant human vascular endothelial growth inhiloitor-192,rhVEGI-192)对人肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的放射增敏作用。方法:采用原核表达rhVEGI-192,获得目的蛋白。通过肿瘤倍增时间,计算药物的增敏系数。通过建立人肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,荷瘤裸鼠随机分为4组:对照组、10Gy、rhVEGI-192、rhVEGI-192+10Gy。采用6MV-X线进行照射,照射剂量为10Gy。获得移植瘤标本,利用免疫印迹法检测移植瘤中VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor)的表达变化。结果:SDS电泳结果显示,目的蛋白位于22k D左右。10Gy照射时,重组人血管内皮抑制因子的EF(enhancement factor)值为1.5。和空白对照组相比,rhVEGI-192组和10Gy组移植瘤的生长受到抑制(P<0.001),rhVEGI-192+10Gy组移植瘤生长显著抑制(P<0.001),rhVEGI-192+10Gy组移植瘤较10Gy组有明显生长抑制。和空白组相比,rhVEGI-192组VEGF表达减少,而10Gy组VEGF表达变化不明显,rhVEGI-192+10Gy组VEGF表达明显减少。rhVEGI-192+10Gy和rhVEGI-192组相比,VEGF表达减少。结论:rhVEGI-192联合照射能够减少VEGF的表达。这可能是rhVEGI-192的增敏机制之一。中国人民解放军南京军区医学科技创新项目(编号:No.12MA061

1 型糖尿病とネフローゼ症候群を合併しステロイド投与中も良好な血糖コントロールが得られた1 例

副腎皮質ステロイドの副作用には血糖上昇やインスリン抵抗性の増大がある．今回，我々はネフローゼ症候群と1 型糖尿病を合併し，ステロイドの投与方法をステロイドパルス療法や隔日投与に変更する中で，細かなインスリン調整による血糖コントロールを要した症例を経験した．症例は3歳男児． 1 歳7 か月時に1 型糖尿病を発症し，持続皮下インスリン注入療法を行っていた．入院前日に眼瞼浮腫を認め，低アルブミン血症および高度蛋白尿よりネフローゼ症候群と診断した．プレドニゾロンの投与を開始したがステロイド抵抗性となり，腎生検で微小変化型と診断した．シクロスポリン投与とステロイドパルス療法を併用し完全寛解に至った．ステロイドパルス療法やプレドニゾロンの投与量の変更に伴い血糖変動を認めたがフラッシュグルコースモニタリングを参考に基礎インスリン量やカーボ/ インスリン比を調整し，インスリンポンプによるインスリン注入を行うことで良好な血糖コントロールが得られた

高空風力発電の極地での有効活用手法の研究

第15回南極設営シンポジウム 2018年6月4日（月）国立極地研究所極地観測棟3F主催：国立極地研究所南極観測センタ

切除不能消化器癌に対する動注化学療法の長期的予後と合併症について

動脈内にリザーバーカテを留置し，化学療法を行う治療の長期的な予後と合併症についての報告は少ない．（対象と方法）動注化学療法を行った消化器癌症例45例．内訳はHCC10例，大腸癌からの転移性肝癌15例，胃癌，大腸癌による腹膜播種20例である．肝癌症例には肝動脈に，腹膜播種症例には大動脈内にリザーバーカテを留置し，low dose CDDP，5FU，アイソボリンを用いた化学療法を主に外来で行った．肝動脈に留置したカテは頚部から4例，そけい部から17例，開腹時４例挿入した．予後および合併症について比較検討した．（成績）肝癌症例および腹膜播種症例の1年生存率はそれぞれ64％，32％で２年生存率は36％，15％であった．合併症は11例にみられ，うち6例（TIA，皮膚色素沈着，腸管の潰瘍，肝障害）がカテ挿入後1カ月以内に，5例（肝動脈閉塞，肝動脈瘤，敗血症，カテの閉塞，創感染）が6カ月以降の晩期にみられた．カテの挿入経路別では頚部からの1例にTIA がみられた他は特徴的なものはみられなかった．（結語）肝動脈内にリザーバーカテを長期留置し化学療法を行うと，動脈の閉塞や動脈瘤がみられやすいと思われる．また頚部よりカテを挿入するとTIA の引き金となりやすい．その対策として現在当科では，カテをあまり奥にまで留置しないことやそけい部からのアプローチを選択している