EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON ALUMINUM RETENTION IN TISSUES AND CAPACITY OF ANTIOXIDATION IN RATS

目的 :　了解谷氨酸钠对铝在组织中沉积及其对体内抗氧化能力的影响。方法 :　采用 2 4只 SD大鼠 ,体重约 ( 1 2 5± 1 5 ) g,平均分成 4组 ,进行为期 5 0 d的灌服试验 ,分别灌服蒸馏水 (空白对照组 ) ,1 .2 mmol氯化铝 ,1 .2 mmol柠檬酸钠 + 1 .2 mmol氯化铝 ,1 .2 mmol谷氨酸钠+ 1 .2 mmol氯化铝。取脑、肝、肾、骨组织及血液 ,测定组织中铝的含量 ,并测定血浆 MDA量和SOD活力。结果 :　给试验鼠服用铝 ,都能提高铝的吸收量 ,使各组织中铝的含量升高。同时给予铝和柠檬酸盐时 ,试验鼠肾、骨中铝的含量极显著地高于对照组和 Al Cl3 组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,肝中铝含量极显著地高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,脑中铝含量也显著高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。同时给予铝和谷氨酸钠 ,试验鼠肾、脑中铝的含量极显著地高于对照组和 Al Cl3 组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,血红细胞中铝的含量显著地高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。试验鼠同时服用铝和柠檬酸钠或谷氨酸钠将减弱血浆的抗氧化能力 ,血浆中 MDA的量明显增加 ,SOD酶活力则显著降低 ( P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :　谷氨酸钠和柠檬酸钠均能促进铝在组织中的沉积 ,减弱血浆的抗氧化能力。谷氨酸钠很可能是其α- NH2 ,α- CH-及 - COO-与Al形成络合物的结果。Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium glutamate on aluminum retention in tissues and capacity of antioxidation in rats. Methods: Twenty four SD rats were divided into 4 groups and gavaged with 1 ml of following solutions: distilled water, 1.2 mmol AlCl 3, 1.2 mmol AlCl 3+1.2 mmol sodium citrate (Al+Cit Na), and 1.2 mmol AlCl 3+1.2 mmol sodium glutamate (Al+Glu Na) for 50 days respectively. At the end of experiment, the tibia, liver, kidney, brain and blood were collected. Aluminum content of these tissues and red blood cells, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase of the plasma were determined. Results: The animals gavaged with aluminum had high aluminum content in the tissues. Al+Cit Na increased the aluminum level very significantly in the kidney and tibia compared to control and AlCl 3 (P<0.01) and very significantly(P<0.01)in liver and signicantly (P<0.05)in brain compared to control. Al+Glu Na elevated the aluminum level very significantly (P<0.05) in kidney and brain compared to control and AlCl 3 (P<0.01), significantly (P<0.05) in red blood cells compared to control. Absorption of aluminum increased malondialdehyde and decreased the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase very significantly. Conclusion: Monosodium glutamate and sodium citrate improve the aluminum retention in tissues and decrease plasma antioxidant capacity. A chelate complex is possibly formed from the α NH 2, α CH , and COO of glutamate and Al.厦门大学现代分析科学教育部重点实验室开放课题的资

Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness

Background Current guidance suggests that we should monitor the physical health of people with serious mental illness and there has been a significant financial investment over recent years to provide this. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of physical health monitoring as a means of reducing morbidity, mortality and reduction in quality of life in people with serious mental illness. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (October 2009) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Selection criteria All randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials focusing on physical health monitoring versus standard care or comparing i) self monitoring vs monitoring by health care professional; ii) simple vs complex monitoring; iii) specific vs non-specific checks iv) once only vs regular checks or v) comparison of different guidance. Data collection and analysis The authors (GT, AC, SM) independently screened search results and identified three studies as possibly fulfilling the review's criteria. On examination, however, all three were subsequently excluded. Main results We did not identify any randomised trials which assessed the effectiveness of physical health monitoring in people with serious mental illness. Authors' conclusions There is no evidence from randomised trials to support current guidance and practice. Guidance and practice are based on expert consensus, clinical experience and good intentions rather than high quality evidenc

General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness

There is currently much focus on provision of general physical health advice to people with serious mental illness and there has been increasing pressure for services to take responsibility for providing this. For the comparison of physical healthcare advice versus standard care we identified five studies (total n = 884) of limited quality. For measures of quality of life one trial found no difference (n = 54, 1 RCT, MD Lehman scale 0.00 CI -0.67 to 0.67) but another did (n = 407, 1 RCT, MD Quality of Life Medical Outcomes Scale - mental component 3.7 CI 1.7 to 5.6). There was no difference between groups for the outcome of death (n = 407, 1 RCT, RR 1.3 CI 0.3 to 6.0), for the outcome of uptake of ill-health prevention services, one study found percentages significantly greater in the advice group (n = 363, 1 RCT, MD 36.9 CI 33.1 to 40.7). Economic data were equivocal. Attrition was large (> 30%) but similar for both groups (n = 884, 5 RCTs, RR 1.18 CI 0.97 to 1.43). Comparisons of one type of physical healthcare advice with another were grossly underpowered and equivocal