デンシ ブヒン メッキ ヒマク ノ ウイスカー ハッセイ ショウガイ チョウサ ト ソノ タイサク ケンキュウ

Electronic Devices has been geting more popular in our social life. On the other hand they have to be produced higher and more strict specification. Especially, the higher durability is required for electric communication equipments for satelit, underground and submarin, which have to endure as long as 20 years. In contrast, consumer-use equipments is less than 10 years. This is because the fomer is to be used under severer circumstances than the latter. We have frequently an obstacle to reliablity of heavy-duty electronic components. It is called "Out-break of Metal Whisker." This reaction takes place on the surface of electro-plated components which have been left in the field for several years. These whiskers causes short-circuit damages. In this paper we show the results of analysis on damages caused by metal whiskere and propose prevention measures aganst such damages

The Arts of Taoist Statues in Philosophic Equiry and Aesthetic Appreciation

道教造像以立体的视觉形象传达道教思想观念,是道教思想观念的具象化与审美化表达。具有如下几个特点:道教造像多样的形式特征开显出终极之“道“的神妙与奇异,单一的本色映射出终极之“道“的朴素。它们往往又与日月天光、山体岩石融为一体,以鲜明的在场言说着“我“即“万物“、“万物“即“我“之“物我无分“、“万物齐一“的道教理念。另外,道教造像在漫长的时间之流中葆有永恒的姿态,彰显“道“之永恒与不朽。作为神灵神仙形象的摹写,道教造像呈现出“神圣性“与“世俗性“交融的审美风貌,这一审美风貌由道教文化自身的特点所决定的。Taoist statues is the important part in Taoist arts.It conveied the Taoism's idea by sensible species and three-dimensional figures.Taoism's idea has been expressed by Taoist statue,and the statue is the reflection of Taoism's idea.The rich features in forms of Taoist statues showed the final wonderful Tao.The unitary solely true qualities of Taoist statues in rock cave and on mountains reflected the simple and basic characteristics of the final Tao.Many statues shone brightly forever like the sun and the moon.It distinct and vigorous expressed that I am all things on earth,and all things is me.Taoist statues always remained the eternal postures in the long history period and displayed the Taoist immortal.Meanwhile,As the depiction of supernatural beings' images.It presents the sacred and secular style and features of aesthetics.The existent of Taoist statues bear witness to the prosperous circumstances of Taoism belief.教育部人文社科项目《道教绘画史研究》(10YJAZH121);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目《道教艺术美学思想研究》(2011M500689

Cr对耐蚀钢筋在混凝土模拟液中耐蚀机理的影响

研究了Cr对低合金耐蚀钢筋在饱和Ca(OH)_2混凝土模拟液中耐蚀性能的影响机制,为低合金耐蚀钢筋的研发提供理论上的依据。周期浸润腐蚀及循环动电位极化等实验表明,含Cr耐蚀钢筋的腐蚀敏感性及腐蚀速率远低于HRB400钢筋,其耐蚀机理主要表现为:Cr的添加改变了耐蚀钢筋的显微组织,形成大量细小且均匀分布的粒状贝氏体;Cr的添加改变了钢筋表面钝化膜的组成,使得含Cr耐蚀钢筋在混凝土模拟孔隙液中的点蚀电位更高,钝化膜更稳定;含Cr耐蚀钢筋的腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH的含量高于HRB400,进一步改善了钢筋耐蚀性

基于可靠度的耐蚀低合金钢筋腐蚀起始寿命预测

通过Monte Carlo概率分析的方法,结合文献查阅,对3种自行研制且含不同铬含量的低合金耐蚀钢筋在海洋环境中的腐蚀起始寿命进行了预测,重点研究了温度对钢筋腐蚀起始寿命的影响规律。结果表明:温度的升高不仅降低了钢筋腐蚀的临界氯离子含量,也提高了混凝土中氯离子的扩散系数;采用低合金耐蚀钢筋可不同程度地延长混凝土中钢筋腐蚀起始寿命,提高钢筋混凝土结构在海洋环境中的耐久性,但针对极其苛刻的服役环境应采用更为严格的防腐蚀措施

纯锌在我国热带海洋大气环境耐蚀寿命预测模型

采用周浸加速腐蚀试验模拟纯锌在热带海洋大气环境的腐蚀行为,通过对比腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物、腐蚀动力学等定性和定量地评价周浸试验与户外大气暴露腐蚀试验的相关性。结果表明:周浸腐蚀试验后,纯锌的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物组成及腐蚀动力学均与实际海洋大气环境暴露结果具有较好的相关性;通过灰色关联分析法分析发现采用2%Na Cl溶液模拟万宁大气、5%Na Cl溶液模拟西沙大气兼具模拟性和加速性;采用周浸加速腐蚀试验方法建立纯锌在万宁、西沙两种海洋大气环境下服役的耐蚀寿命预测模型,分别为Twn=95.23t 1.01、Txs=841.60t 0.16

Cr合金化对HRB400钢筋腐蚀行为的研究

应用动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱、周浸腐蚀实验的方法研究了HRB400普通碳钢钢筋和两种Cr合金化的低合金钢筋在2%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:相比HRB400钢筋,Cr合金化的钢筋的开路电位明显正移,Cr加入提高了钢的热力学稳定性;随着Cr含量的增加,钢筋的自腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻增大,Cr合金化的钢筋具有相对较小的电化学腐蚀速率;周浸加速腐蚀72 h后,HRB400钢筋以均匀腐蚀为主,Cr合金化的钢筋以局部腐蚀为主,添加Cr可以显著降低HRB400钢筋的均匀腐蚀速率