Study on the Characteristics and Significance of the Algae， Physical and Chemical Factors in Ballast Water

摘要由船舶排放的压舱水所造成的地理性隔离水体间外来有害生物的传播，已经被世界环境基金会认为是海洋面临的四大威胁之一。本论文通过分析压舱水生态因子；检测压舱水及其沉积物中浮游植物属种组成、丰度特征，并与我国近岸海域种群进行对比；结合国内外研究成果，探讨浮游植物通过压舱水传播的可能及潜在危害。同时探讨利用CDOM的光学特性识别压舱水来源的可行性，旨在为压舱水检测提供技术支持和理论依据。主要研究结果如下：1、对比了压舱水及其沉积物的采样方法，选取使用船舶压舱水和沉积物采集器（专利号：200510075601.X）采样；自2007年10月至2008年4月共采集进入厦门港的9艘国际船舶的27个水舱，共计...Abstract The harmful species isolated in different geographical zone can spread to other sea areas by the ballast water discharged from the international ships have been considered as the one of the four most serious threats by the World Environment Foundation. Ecological factors of ballast water are analysed and the species diversity and the abundance characteristics of phytoplankton from the b...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋地质学号：2112005130219

Study on diatom in ballast water of pelagic vessels

应用新型压舱水采样器采集了5艘进入厦门港的国际远洋船舶14个压舱水水样,通过对样品中硅藻的分析、鉴定,共发现硅藻37属111种(包括变种和休止孢子),其中赤潮种28种,潜在有毒种1种,非本海域种6种:STEPHArOPyXIS TurrIS;CHAETOCErOS COnVOluTS;C.CrInITuS;C.AurIVIllIIS;C.nEOCOMPACTuM;C.SubSAlSuM。各样品中硅藻丰度值在0.08x103/l~5.96x103/l之间,种类数(已定种)在6~36之间。结合硅藻组成和丰度可以推断压舱水的可能交换地。与前人的研究结果对比反映出压舱水可能导致新的外来有害生物入侵的潜在危害性,相关职能部门应加强压舱水的监管工作。14 ballast water samples were collected by a new sampling instrument from five pelagic vessels which have been and clean frequently in Xiamen Harbor.According to analyzing and identifying the species and the abundances of diatom in the samples,37 genus 111 species diatoms(containing varieties and hypnospore) were discovered,which included 28 kinds of red tidal species,one kind of latent toxic species,and 6 kinds of non-native species,such as Stepharopyxis turris;Chaetoceros convoluts;C.crinitus;C.aurivilliis;C.neocompactum;C.subsalsum.The abundances of diatom in each sample ranged from 0.08×103/L to 5.96×103/L,and specie's numbers(identified species)of them were amongst 6 to 36.Based on the diatoms assemble with abundance,the possible position of ballast water's change can be deduced.The discharge of ballast water may cause the potential hazards of new exotic harmful organism's invasion.The results of comparisons between this investigation and previous studies on ballast water can provide scientific base for the related government departments,so that it should strengthen the management on the ballast water.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40306018);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAC11B04

Dinoflagellate Cysts Records from Core Samples of Modern Marine Sediment at the Luoyuan Bay Mouth

通过对福建罗源湾口海域KMZK5柱状沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分析,共鉴定出15属30种甲藻孢囊。对比发现这30种甲藻孢囊是该湾以前未被记录的种类。其中12种是附近海域也未曾发现的种类,6种为有毒种类:缘亚历山大藻、小型亚历山大藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、具刺膝沟藻、链状裸甲藻、锥状斯氏藻.同时对甲藻孢囊的主要属种和有毒种类的丰度、分布在垂直方向上的变化特征进行了初步研究.Thirty species of dinoflagellate cysts in 15 genus are identified from KMZK5 Core samples of recent marine sediment at the Luoyuan Bay mouth,Fujian. All of these dinoflagellate cysts are first recorded in the Luyuan Bay,12 species of them are not distributing in the near sea area such as Sansha Bay and Minjiang estuary,including 6 kinds of toxic species,such as Alexandrium affine,A. minutum,A. tamarense,Gonyaulax spinifera,Gymnodinium catenatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea. The abundance and vertical distribution characterestics of the main and the toxic dinoflgellate cysts are also studied in the paper

An Efficient(k,p) Notational System Transform Algorithm

多进制编码和混合进制编码广泛应用于信息隐藏领域,影响其编码性能的一个关键因素是进制转换效率.针对任意k进制序列到P进制序列的相互转换,提出一种高效的进制转换算法,并根据信息论证明了其最优性.利用新算法改进了kT-lEX文本隐写系统、网页等价标记隐写术、图着色编码和APPM编码等多种基于混合进制编码和分组多进制编码的隐写术,有效提高了原方法的隐写性能.理论分析和实验结果均表明了该算法的有效性.Muti-ary codes and mix-ary codes are widely used in information hiding, while the transfer efficiency between notational systems is an important factor of coding efficiency.An effective notational system transfer algorithm based on double-coding method is proposed for transforming arbitrary k-ary sequences to p-ary sequences.It is proved that the proposed notational system transform algorithm is optimal.The method is applied to improve embedding efficiency of several kinds of steganographic algorithms based on mix-ary codes or grouped multi-ary codes, including KT-Lex steganographic system, webpage steganography based on equal tag, grid coloring codes and APPM codes.Both theory analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.国家自然科学基金(No.60803155;No.60970141;No.60902102;No.61274133); 中国科学院战略性先导专项课题基金(No.XDA06030601); 国家重大科技专项基金(No.2010ZX03004-003); 郑州市科技创新团队项目基金(No.10CXTD150)资

Dinoflagellate cysts records from sediments of Xinghua Bay,Fujian Province

通过对福建兴化湾海域表层和柱状沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分析,共鉴定出10属29种(含不定种)甲藻孢囊.其中发现有毒种类7种:微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)、多环旋沟藻(Co-chlodinium polykrikoides)、多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulaxspinifera)、链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)、网状原角管藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)和锥藻斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea).表层沉积物中总甲藻孢囊丰度值在13~88粒/g之间,柱状沉积物中总甲藻孢囊的丰度在40~105粒/g以内.通过与周边其他海域甲藻孢囊属种组成及丰度值对比,表明兴化湾甲藻孢囊的丰度值较高,并且7种有毒种类的存在对该海域发生有毒有害赤潮构成潜在威胁,相关政府部门及周围居民应加以重视和防范.Twenty-night species in 10 genus of dinoflagellate cysts including 7 toxic species are identified from the surface and core sediment samples in Xinghua Bay,Fujian.They are Alexandrium minutum,Cochlodinium polykrikoides,Lingulodinium polyedrum,Gonyaulax spinifera,Gymnodinium catenatum,Protoceratium reticulatum,and Scrippsiella trochoidea.Density of dinoflagellate cysts rage from 13 cysts/g to 88 cysts/g in surface sediments and from 40 cysts/g to 105 cysts/g in core sediments.Density of the dinoflagellate cyst in Xinghua Bay could be high compared with those areas in nearby seas.The existence of 7 toxic species can be the potential source of toxic Harmful Algae Blooms(HABs) in Xinghua Bay.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40306018);; 福建省自然科学重大基金资助项目(2001F001

Verification of Ballast Water Exchange for International Ships Anchored in Xiamen Port by CDOM Tracer

通过对2007年10月—2008年4月经停厦门港的不同航线9条国际船舶29个压舱水中有色溶解有机物(CdOM)的三维荧光光谱和吸收光谱分析,探讨了利用CdOM光谱参数检验进出我国港口的国际船舶是否进行了远洋压舱水交换(bWE)国际公约规定的可行性。利用平行因子分析(PArAfAC)对三维荧光光谱进行解谱,共鉴别出压舱水CdOM具有2个类腐殖质及2个类蛋白质荧光组分,其中长波类腐殖质组分C2(250,345/458 nM)可作为判断压舱水是否进行bWE的合适指标。压载舱中各荧光组分垂直分布基本均匀。利用C2组分结合吸收光谱斜率比值Sr、盐度等指标,对上述船舶是否进行bWE作出了准确判断。研究结果表明,3类指标的综合应用将能更有效地对国际船舶是否进行bWE进行可靠的检验,对今后在厦门港乃至国内其他港口开展压舱水水源的快速检测提供了技术支撑。Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) and absorption spectroscopy were applied to study the optical properties of 29 CDOM samples collected from different ballast tanks of nine international route vessels anchored in Xiamen Port between October 2007 and April 2008.The purpose was to examine the feasibility of these spectral properties as a tracer to verify if these vessels follow the mid-ocean ballast water exchange(BWE) regulation.Using parallel factor analysis,four fluorescent components were identified,including two humic-like components(C1: 245,300/386 nm;C2: 250,345/458 nm) and two protein-like components(C3: 220,275/306 nm;C4: 235,290/345 nm),of which C2 component was the suitable fluorescence verification indicator.The vertical distribution of all fluorescent components in ballast tank was nearly similar indicating that profile-mixing sampling was preferable.Combined use of C2 component,spectral slope ratio(SR) of absorption spectroscopy and salinity may provide reasonable verification if BWE carried out by these nine ships.The results suggested that the combined use of multiple parameters(fluorescence,absorption and salinity) would be much reliable to determine the origin of ballast water,and to provide the technical guarantee for fast examination of ballast water exchange in Chinese ports.国家自然科学基金项目(40306018;40776041;40676046);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目和国家科技支撑项目(2006BAC11B04);国家(863计划)项目(2007AA091744);国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金项目(2009103)资

An Efcient Adaptive Image Steganographic Method for ± k Embedding

自适应隐写可避免修改载体的敏感区域,有效提高隐写术的安全性.总结分析了现有自适应隐写的边信息同步方法.通过推广单调纹理函数思想,构造一种基于自由度的纹理保序函数,实现了自适应隐写边信息的快速同步.结合湿纸编码和多层嵌入思想,提出自适应±1和±2隐写算法.新算法既保证通信双方能快速同步边信息,同时具有很高的抗检测性能.理论分析和实验结果均表明了算法的有效性.Adaptive steganography which avoids changing the sensitive area in carrier, can efectively improve the security of steganography.Firstly, the schemes of side information synchronization in adaptive steganography are summarized and analyzed.Secondly, using the freedom degree which is extented by the previous one-way texture functions, a new orderpreserving texture function as side information of adaptive steganography is constructed.Finally, by combining wet paper codes and the method of multi-layered embedding, ± 1 algorithm and ± 2 algorithm are proposed.The proposed scheme can efciently enhance the security of adaptive steganography while maintaining fast side information synchronization between communicators.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show the efciency of the proposed scheme.国家自然科学基金(60803155;61170234;60970141;60902102;61274133); 郑州市科技创新团队项目(10CXTD150); 中国科学院战略性先导专项课题(XDA06030601); 国家重大科技专项(2010ZX03004003)资助~