異なるドロップ高からの着地における筋活動の調節

Pre-activation before ground impact can play an important roles during drop jumps（DJ）. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of triceps surae muscle activation during DJs. Seven healthy subjects dropped from 3 different heights, and were asked to not rebound （landing only: LAND） or rebound with maximal effort （RJmax）. Joint angular data, ground reaction force and electromyography of the lower leg muscles were simultaneously recorded during each DJ. With higher drop heights, agonist muscle activities （medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles） during the pre-activation phase were dramatically increased, while those did not show any differences during braking phase. The increased agonist muscle activation before touchdown（pre-activation） was significantly decreased during the following braking phase for regulation of low stiffness in the LAND. The agonist muscle activities during braking phase were increased with stiffness index of muscle-tendon unit from LAND to RJmax during constant drop height. However, the pre-activation of the agonist muscle was not increased while that of the corresponding antagonist tibialis anterior muscle was significantly increased from LAND to RJmax. During the following braking phase, the antagonist muscle activities were not increased. These results suggest that the effects of agonist muscle pre-activation are mainly for the impact of touchdown, and not for the regulation of landing or rebound. Consequently, the antagonist pre-activation and the agonist muscles activation of braking phase may play important roles to control motion after landing, and regulate stiffness

(第17回研修医症例報告会)左大腿部血腫感染緊急手術に4 因子プロトロンビン複合体を使用した1 例

第367 回東京女子医科大学学会例会 2023年2月25日(土)オンライン会

Theoretical study of the structure of calcium in phases IV and V via ab initio metadynamics simulation

We searched for the structure of calcium in phases IV and V by a metadynamics simulation based on ab initio calculations, and found two structures. One is a tetragonal lattice which consists of two helical chains along the c axis. The other is an orthorhombic lattice of four zigzag chains. We have calculated the x-ray diffraction patterns and enthalpies of the two structures discovered by our simulation. From comparisons of the patterns with the experimental x-ray patterns of the phases IV and V and from the pressure dependence of the enthalpies, we conclude that the structure with a helical pattern corresponds to phase IV and the structure with a zigzag pattern to phase V

クラゲ ラン ニオケル キョクタイ ケイセイ オヨビ セイシ フチャク ユウゴウ カテイ ノ ビデオ サツエイ

クラゲを含む刺胞動物の卵では、第二極体形成後に、動物極に限定された精子の付着・融合が起こる。本研究では、タマクラゲの卵母細胞の極体形成、およびタマクラゲとエダアシクラゲの卵への精子付着・融合の過程を、顕微鏡に装着したビデオカメラを用いて連続的に記録し、解析を行った。その結果、タマクラゲの極体形成過程では、第一極体のほうが第二極体よりも大きいこと、第一極体と第二極体は互いに近傍な位置に形成されるものの、両者の形成場所は完全には一致しないこと、第一極体が分裂する場合としない場合があること、などが分かった。また、タマクラゲとエダアシクラゲの卵に媒精した後の過程については、精子の付着・融合が動物極の周辺(エダアシクラゲでは、特に雌性前核の周縁部)で起こること、最初に付着した精子が融合に至り、その後の精子は融合できないこと、融合の際に精子が横向きになること、精子の融合に伴って卵が変形すること、などが見出された。今回得られた映像は、クラゲの卵成熟や受精過程を研究する上での基礎データとしてだけでなく、教育現場で使用する教材としても利用価値があると考えている

ホウカゴジドウクラブ ニ オケル オヤツ ト セイカツカツドウ ニ カンスル チヨウサ

We conducted a survey on the present conditions of after-school children clubs (Gakudohoiku), the method of providing snacks to younger schoolchildren during after-school care, the awareness toward feeding snacks among child care workers and guardians of admitted children, the interaction with other members in groups of different ages, and the children\u27s life activities in facilities for After School Care Program in Mieprefecture. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The female childcare workers made up roughly 90%; the childcare workers in their 40\u27s to 60\u27s made up around 80% of the total. (2) The child care mostly began "at two p.m." during weekdays, and "at eight a.m." on weekends, and mostly closed "at six p.m." through the week. (3) The most common expense budget for snack for a child per day at after-school children clubs was "between 50 yen and 100 yen", being the lowest "20yen" and the highest "200 yen and more". (4) "Children\u27s preferences" were the biggest elements taken into considerations, followed by "prices" in providing snacks at the after-school facilities. (5) The top food education programs at after-school children clubs were "Let\u27s Cook Together", "Good Manners at the Table", and "Growing Vegetables and Potatoes" (6) Among after-school care operators, parent\u27s associations accounted for about 30%, and local communities accounted for about 20%. Around 30% of after-school children clubs were operated inside school premises, while 70% were outside school premises. (7) Children in lower grades of primary school (aged 6 through 8) made up around 80% of children admitted in after-school children clubs, which corresponded to a national-level figure. (8) Child care workers encouraged significantly more interactions among multiage groups at medium or large-sized after-school children clubs than at small-sized ones. Comparing the ratio of low graders, children had significantly more opportunities for multi-age interaction at after-school children clubs with low ratio of low graders. (9) Boys and girls were almost equal in numbers at after-school children clubs. Around 90% of children joined the child care facilities in the first grade. As for visiting frequency, "five times a week" was the most common. With regard to reasons for visiting these facilities, "double income family" accounted for 80%. (10) As for frequency of snacks at home, "once" was most common during weekdays and weekends. (11) "Snack food", "chocolate confectionery" and "ice cream" are the most popular snacks given to children at home, which showed that parents were likely to provide snack of their children\u27s preferences. (12) Regarding snack time at home, "five to eight p.m." is most common on weekdays; "three to six p.m." was predominantly common on weekends. (13) As for appropriate budget for snack at home, "50 yen to 100 yen" for a child per day was most common. (14) Concerning life activities of those admitted in after school clubs, physical activities, such as "playground equipment", "soccer", "tag", and "jump rope" were most popular types of child\u27s play during weekdays

文科省委託事業「発達障害の可能性のある児童生徒に対する早期支援研究事業」平成26年度・27年度実践報告―附属校園と学部の協働による、発達障害支援アドバイザーと支援ラボ“外付けの通級指導教室”を中心とした取組による多層的支援システムの構築と支援実践―

平成26年度・27年度（単年度契約）、長崎大学教育学部は、文部科学省委託事業研究「平成26年度発達障害の可能性のある児童生徒に対する早期支援・教職員の専門性向上事業（発達障害の可能性のある児童生徒に対する早期支援研究事業）に応募し、採択された。この事業は、発達障害の可能性のある児童生徒の早期の支援の開始と充実、校内の環境整備を目的としている。我々は、事業全体の支援モデルとして、学習面または行動面で困難を示す児童生徒に対して予防的または早期対応を実現するため、米国の『教育介入に対する応答（RTI:Response to Intervention）モデル』を参考とした。そのうえで、指定枝に、スクールワイドまたはクラスワイドな多層的な支援システム構築とその導入を目標とした支援体制を構築、実践しつつある。本稿では、事業概要とその実践とその研究成果を報告する