环境内分泌干扰物与肥胖症发生发展的关系

近年来,肥胖症发生率逐年增加,并有加速升高的趋势,已成为世界各国面临的严重公共卫生问题。肥胖产生于基因、行为以及环境因素的交互作用,其中环境内分泌干扰物的影响近期备受关注,大量来自野生动物、流行病学、实验动物和体外实验的研究实例表明,许多环境化合物会干扰机体内分泌信号的传导并可能引发肥胖

真鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的昼夜变化

福建省自然科学基金!资助项目C95009

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene,tributyltin and their mixture on activities of phenoloxidase in Sebastiscus marmoratus

以褐菖鲉为材料,每周一次腹腔注射浓度为0.5×10-6、1.5×10-6和10×10-6的苯并(a)芘(BaP)、三丁基锡(TBT)及两者的等比例混合物,观察鱼体肾脏、脾脏组织中酚氧化酶活力的变化。结果表明,实验浓度的这些持续有机污染物在短期内对褐菖鲉肾脏、脾脏中的酚氧化酶活力有一定程度的诱导激活作用,随着暴露时间的延长,酶活力下降,联合暴露可能会产生协同作用,毒性增强,诱发免疫毒性。The aim of our experiment was to study the effect of phenoloxidase of kidney and spleen on the activities of in Sebastiscus marmoratus.The abdominal injections of benzo(a)pyrene,tributyltin and their mixture were weekly done.The results showed that the following dose gradients of 0.5×10-6 、1.5×10-6 and 10×10-6 of body weight, the activities of phenoloxidase were induced during prophasic exposure,while reduced as the exposure continues.What's more,benzo(a)pyrene and tributyltin might corporate each other in mixture,enhance their immune toxicity.国家自然科学基金(20447001);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0410007

EFFECTS OF BENZO(a)PYRENE AND PYRENE ON HAEMOGLOBIN CONTENT IN MUGIL SO-IUY

Mugil so iuy was exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene and their mixture of equal quantity, and its haemoglobin contents were examined. The results showed an obvious time response and dose effect. Under the same concentrations of 0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0 and 50.0 μg/L, the mixture of the two pollutants showed the greatest toxicity to haemoglobin content, while pyrene the lowest. The joint action of benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene was synergism. Fig 1, Tab 1, Ref 5国家自然科学基金项目资助 (批准号 :498760 2 9

Effects of mixture of benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene exposure on hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities in Mugil so-iuy

在实验生态条件下 ,研究浓度范围从 0 1— 5 0 μg L的苯并 (a)芘和芘的等浓度混合物暴露对梭鱼 (Mugilso iuy)肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响 .结果显示 ,对肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响主要表现出抑制效应 .在暴露过程中 ,抗氧化酶活性也有出现短暂的诱导 ,高浓度组出现诱导的时间比低浓度组早 .SOD和GPx活性的变化有一定的同步性 .CAT活性在暴露早期出现诱导 .抗氧化酶活性的变化间接反映了环境中氧化胁迫的存在 .The effects of the mixture of benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene (concentration range of 0 1—50*!μg/L) exposure on hepatic antioxidant enzymes activitives in Mugil so-iuy were studied under experimental condition.The results mostly showed that the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were inhibited. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes were sometimes induced briefly during exposure. The enzyme activities induction appeared sooner at higher concentration group than that at lower concentration group. The SOD and GPx activities changed quite in phase. The CAT activity was induced at the early exposure. The changes of antioxidant enzymes activities reflected indirectly the existence of oxidation stress.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 9876 0 2 9) ;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (D9910 0 0 4

Effect of benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene exposure on hepatic superoxide dismutase in Mugil so-iuy

在实验生态条件下 ,浓度范围 0 .1～ 5 0 μg/L的苯并 (a)芘和芘的短期暴露 (7d) ,5 0 μg/L浓度组造成梭鱼肝脏SOD活性先抑制后诱导的效应 ;5 μg/L浓度在 7d的暴露中 ,SOD活性未出现诱导而是抑制 ;同样在 5 0μg/L浓度下 ,苯并 (a)芘暴露 4d后SOD活性出现诱导 ,而芘在暴露 7d后才出现诱导 ,这间接反映了苯并 (a)芘和芘的毒性大小。这些结果说明梭鱼肝脏SOD活性与苯并 (a)芘和芘暴露有一定的相关性 ,可以作为海洋环境多环芳烃污染监测的一种生物标志物。The effects of benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene exposure in a short period of time (7 days) on hepatic Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Mugil so-iuy were studied at concentration of 0.1～50 μg/L,in experimental condition.The results showed that the SOD activities were inhibited at first and then induced in the fishes exposed to concentration of 50 μg/L.The SOD activity was induced in the fishes exposed to BaP at concentration of 50 μg/L for 4 days,while induced in the fishes exposed to pyrene at same concentration for 7 days. This indicated indirectly the toxicities of BaP and pyrene. These results suggested that the hepatic SOD activity in Mugil so iuy have quite retativity to BaP or pyrene exposure,the SOD activity could be one of the biomarkers applied to monitoring marine PAHs contamination.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (49876 0 2 9) ;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (D9910 0 0 4

pH影响真鲷仔、幼鱼蛋白酶活性的研究

真鲷仔、幼鱼蛋白酶活性的最适PH随生长发育而变化。仔鱼期蛋白酶比活力峰值和次峰值出现在PH6.0和5.0；幼鱼期胃蛋白酶最适PH在2.2以下，肠和肝胰脏蛋白酶最适PH在10.0以上。真鲷仔幼鱼蛋白酶活性的变化与消化系统的发育和功能完善有关；育苗过程中使用单一铒料导致仔幼鱼的不适应，是育苗中仔稚鱼期死亡率高的原因之一。福建省自然科学基

Effects of tributyltin on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the gill of hard clam Meretrix meretrix

在实验室条件下,观察质量浓度分别为高、中、低(0·1,1,10ng·L-1(以Sn计))3组的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果显示,除了高浓度TBT(10ng·L-1)暴露在早期(2d)对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性产生抑制之外,TBT暴露对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性的作用主要为诱导效应.在暴露8d后,MDA的含量表现出显著的诱导.恢复7d后除了高浓度组对MDA还有影响外,其它各指标均恢复到与对照组相当的水平.结果表明,环境水平的TBT暴露对文蛤产生明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在的生物标志物.The effects on catalase (CAT), glutathione -S-transferase(GST) activities and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) in the gill of Meretrix meretrix were evaluated, after it had exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at environmental levels (0.1, 1, 10 ng·L -1 as Sn) for 2, 8, 20 days and recovered for 7, 20 days, in experimental condition. The results showed that the activities of GST and CAT and GSH content in Meretrix meretrix exposed to TBT were principally induced, except that were mainly inhibited in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 for 2 days. MDA content were significantly induced after exposure for 8d. After the clams had been transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 days, the indexes were recovered to the level corresponding to the control group, except MDA content in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 was sequentially induced. These results in the present work showed that oxidative stress in Meretrix meretrix would be produced by exposure to TBT at realistic levels in the environment. The antioxidant defense systems could act as biomarkers to monitor marine contamination of organotins.厦门大学细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(No.2004109)~

Physiological effects of methmidophos and phoxim on Porphyra haitanensis

In this paper, the effects of methmidophos and phoxim with different concentrations and schedule on soluble protein content and chlorophyl a (Chla) content in Porphyra haintanensis were studied under experimental and ecological conditions. The results showed as follows: (1) there were some time-effect and dose-effect relationships between the pollutants and Chla contents. The Chla content of most of groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of the exposure time. In the same concentration, the toxicities of phoxim to Chla content was stronger than that of methmidophos. (2) All concentration groups in this study didn't show the significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships between pollutants and the soluble protein. And there was no significant difference of the soluble protein content among various groups.福建省重大科技项目(2001Z017

Ultrastructure on oogenesis of Litopenaeus vannamei

利用透射电镜研究凡纳滨对虾卵子发生过程中细胞内部结构的变化。结果显示,卵原细胞结构简单,代谢水平低,核孔稀少,通过核周池来完成核、质之间的物质交换。卵黄发生前晚期和卵黄发生初期的卵母细胞变化显著:核膜凹凸不平,核仁数量多,核孔密集,大量核仁外排物经核孔输送到卵质中;卵质中胞器极为丰富和发达,代谢活性极强。卵黄发生旺盛期是卵黄大量形成的阶段,卵质边缘还呈辐射状排列了一圈椭圆形皮质棒,细胞出现微吞饮活动并形成卵黄膜。卵黄发生晚期卵质中充满了粗大的卵黄粒和脂滴,胞器锐减。另外,探讨了卵细胞内部结构的变化和卵黄形成的关系以及皮质棒的来源与功能。The changes of the structure in oocytes during the oogenesis of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied with transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the structure was simpler and the active metabolism is lower in oogonium.The particles from the nucleus mainly passed through the perinuclear cisternae into the cytoplasm because of fewer nuclearpores. The marked changes occurred in the latter previtellogenic oocytes and the primary vitellogenic oocytes.The nuclear changes consisted of the concavo-convex nuclear membrane,many more nucleoli, numerous nuclearpores and a large amount of nucleolus granular materials penetrating nuclear membrane into cytoplasm. There were various well-developed organelles in the cytoplasm which exhibited higher synthetic activity.The yolk granules formed mainly in active vitellogenesis. At this stage,a lap spherical cortical rods appeared radializedly at the edge of the cytoplasm.Meanwhile active microphagocytosis could be seen along the ooplasma membrane while the vitellin membrane formed on the surface of vitellogenic oocytes.The mature oocytes were full of big yolk granules and lipid droplets and the number of organelles reduced quickly. The relation between the changes of the structure in oocytes and the vitellogenesis was discussed. The origin and function of the cortical rods were also discussed.福建省教育厅自然科学基金资助项目(K02091