Testing GLEAMS for Nitrate Leaching Modeling in an Agricultural Catchment of Southeast China

利用我国东南亚热带地区农业小流域不同土地利用方式的硝氮渗漏淋失实测数据检验了GLEAMS(Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems)模型在该地区的适用性。通过现场试验和实地调查并结合模型手册,获取模型所需的水文和营养盐参数,参考模型参数的敏感性分析结果对模型进行调试。结果表明模型对水稻田除外的其它土地利用方式的硝氮渗漏淋失模拟效果较好。水稻田渗漏模拟效果差的主要原因在于模型的水分平衡方程不能反应水稻田长期淹水的实际情况。模型模拟结果的精度可以接受,从而验证了GLEAMS模型在该流域的适用性。GLEAMS(Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems)model was introduced to test and validate nitrate leaching in an agricultural catchment in southeast China.Field experiments were performed under different landuses such as paddy,bananas and vegetables,in Wuchuan catchment of Fujian Province with the area of 9.6 km2.Eight boreholes were drilled and monitoring pipes were installed for continuous monitoring of nitrate leaching from April to December in 2002.The hydrologic and nutrient parameters of GLEAMS model were extracted based on measurements and experiments during the main crop growing season.Model parameters were tuned to achieve desired agreements between measurements and model simulations based on sensitivity analysis.After calibration and validation,the model generally had acceptable performances in simulating nitrate leaching throughout the landuses with an exception in paddy field.The model simulations can be used to specifically establish best management practices for nutrient management and pollution mitigation in the catchment.国家自然科学基金(40671116;40301045

Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from urban stormwater runoff in Xiamen City

以厦门岛为研究对象,通过收集代表性样点的降雨径流水样,研究了厦门城市降雨径流中氮、磷浓度及输出特征。结果表明,来源不同的城市降雨径流中氮、磷浓度差异较大,溶解态总氮、硝态氮、氨态氮与总磷的含量分别为1.96~6.77、0.62~4.89、0.35~1.18和0.04~0.66 mg.L-1。降雨过程中氮、磷浓度总体上呈下降趋势,氮浓度波动较大,磷相对稳定。城市降雨径流氮、磷污染受降雨强度、车流量等多种因素影响。城市道路、商住区及工业区径流中氮、磷浓度较高,是城市非点源污染的主要来源,因此对这些区域应重点控制管理。In this study,the stormwater samples of 4 storm events occurred in April and May 2005 were collected from different representative sites including road,roof,and residential,commercial and industrial districts in Xiamen Island.All the samples were delivered to laboratory within 24 h,and their NO_3~——N,NH_4~+-N, dissolved total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP) contents were analyzed.The water quality data showed there was a significant difference in the nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations of the stormwater runoff from different sites, with the mean value of TN,NO_3~——N,NH_4~+-N and TP ranged as 1.96-6.77, 0.62-4.89,0.35-1.18 and 0.04-0.66 mg·L~(-1),respectively.In general,the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decreased gradually in the process of precipitation due to water dilution,but the nitrogen concentration fluctuated more intensively than phosphorus.Many factors such as precipitation intensity,land cover and vehicle exhaust affected the patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus transportation.The urban stormwater runoff collected from road and commercial and industrial districts contributed a higher nutrient loading,and thus,the management of urban stormwater runoff should be focused on these sites.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40301045)

Breedine and Utilization of New Hybrid Rice Combination Tongyou 039

桐优039是泉州市农业科学研究所与福建神农大丰种业科技有限公司合作用自育的桐A与泉恢039配组而成的三系杂交水稻新品种，于2014年通过福建省品种审定。表现高产稳产、壮秆大穗、熟期转色好等优点。介绍了桐A、泉恢039、桐优039的选育过程，以及桐优039的性状表现、栽培技术和制种技术等。A new three-line hybrid rice combination Tongyou 039 was derived from the CMS line TongA and a restorer line Quanhui 039, developed by Quanzhou institute of agricultural Sciences and Fujian Province Prodigy farm and great harvest seeds Inc., and registered by the Crop Cultivar Registration Committee of Fujian province in 2014. It was characterized by high-yieldin ability, stocky stem and big panicle and good performance in ripe time d so on. This paper introduced breeding procedure of Tong A, Quanhui 039 and Tongyou 039, and main characteristics, cultivation and seed production techniques of Tongyou 039.福建省星火项目（2016S0015）;泉州市科技计划重点项目（2015N27

Denitrification Determination in soil of Wu Chuan Agricultural Catchment and the Control Measure

反硝化作用是土壤氮素转化的一个重要过程,为探明五川流域内的农业土壤的反硝化作用强度及其影响因素,利用乙炔抑制-原状土柱培养法对其进行测定。通过3次试验测定,发现五川流域农业土壤具有较强的反硝化作用强度,在种植季节,土壤平均反硝化作用强度为0.1kgN·hm-2·d-1,最高达到0.6kgN·hm-2·d-1,其中蔬菜地反硝化作用强于其他土地利用类型。反硝化作用同土壤的NO3-含量、含水量、温度以及pH都存在正相关关系,它们是流域土壤反硝化作用的主要影响因子。五川流域农业土壤经由反硝化作用氮损失量占流域平均施肥量的16%,高于国内其他地区。针对五川流域的环境和农业经济特点,提出了控制反硝化作用的措施:在温度较低的夜间进行施肥灌溉宜以防止氮肥损失,用农村富余的厩肥代替化肥以减轻反硝化作用的发生,同时加大节水灌溉力度。Denitrification in soil is the main pathway of gaseous nitrogen loss in the catchments.In order to find out the denitrification flux in top-soil and the affecting factors in Wu Chuan catchment,the denitrification rate of top-soil was determined using the acetylene inhibition-intact soil core technique for 5 months.Three times of the denitrification experiment were carried out from Dec.15th 2005 to Apr.18th 2006,at the same time,the chemical and physical properties of the soils were also measured during every experiment.The soils in Wu Chuan catchment belong to typical Haplic red soil,with the chemical and physical properties suitable for denitrification and the organic matter,total N,NO3-N and pH of the soils being 9～25 g·kg-1,0.4%～7.9%,1.5～6.8 mg·kg-1 and 4.9～5.7,respectively.The results indicated that denitrification of the soil showed temporal and spatial variations.The denitrification rate in uplands of the catchment was higher than that in any other places,and was enhanced when there were many rains and when the soil temperature was high.The flux of denitrification was mostly related with fertilization,soil moisture,air temperature and pH.Air temperature affected denitrification significantly.The gaseous N loss rate through denitrification represented about 16% of the fertilizer applied in the catchment scale.Also,the denitrification flux of the top-soil in Wu Chuan catchment was much higher than that in other places of China,and the denitrification rate of soils in south was higher than that in north.The soils in Wu Chuan catchment may be the source of atmospheric nitrous oxide gas.Since the high level of agricultural economic development in Wu Chuan catchment and the frequently used fertilizers,the flux of fertilizers is much higher than other agricultural region in China.Based on the environmental characteristics and agricultural economy in Wu Chuan catchment,the following control measures should be adopted:(1) fertilization and irrigation in the low-temperature night to prevent fertilizer loss;(2) utilization of livestock waste instead of fertilizer to inhibit denitrification;(3) popularizing economical irrigation to avoid reductive situation in the soil.国家自然科学基金(40301045和40671116

RNA 干扰 mPGES-1 基因对 K562/A 细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

【目的】探讨RNA干扰膜结合型前列腺素E2合酶1（mPGES-1）对阿霉素耐药的人红白血病细胞株K562/A细胞增殖、凋亡及耐药性的影响及其可能的机制。【方法】通过RNA干扰技术抑制K562/A细胞中mPGES-1表达。分组：①未处理组（K562/A），②干扰后的阴性对照组（K562/A-NC），③干扰组（K562/A-KD），④干扰后加入外源性PGE2组（K562/A-KD+PGE2）；CCK-8法检测细胞活力；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡；ELISA法检测PGE2浓度；Western blot检测蛋白水平。【结果】RNA干扰可明显下调K562/A细胞mPGES-1表达，抑制PGE2合成（<0.0001）。RNA干扰后，K562/A细胞增殖受抑，凋亡增加，对各化疗药物敏感性均有不同程度的增强（<0.05），同时β-catenin、MDR1的表达量减少（<0.01）。外源性PGE2可逆转RNA干扰对K562/A增殖、凋亡水平、药物敏感性的影响（<0.05），同时β-catenin、MDR1的表达上调（<0.01）；β-catenin抑制剂XAV939可浓度依赖性抑制β-catenin、MDR1蛋白的表达（<0.05）。【结论】RNA干扰mPGES-1基因可抑制K562/A细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、增强细胞对化疗的敏感性，其机制与减少PGE2的合成进而下调β-catenin、MDR1的表达有关。Wnt/β-catenin通路可能参与了mPGES-1/PGE2对MDR1的调控

早熟优质籼稻三系不育系伍天A的选育

【目的】选育早熟优质三系不育系,为优质稻新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】2007年早季以泉5B/天丰B的F4代为父本,与不育系泉5A测交,经过多代回交和多年观察筛选,选育早熟优质三系不育系新品种。【结果】选育出的早熟优质不育系伍天A,于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定(闽审稻20190047),表现育性稳定,不育株率100%,不育度99.99%;异交率高,柱头总外露率64.77%;米质优,稻米的主要品质指标:整精米率66.0%、粒长6.7 mm、长宽比3.4、垩白粒率4%、垩白度0.6%、透明度1级、碱消值7.0级、胶稠度50 mm、直链淀粉含量23.8%,其中整精米率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值均达到NY/T593-2013《食用稻品种品质》一等食用籼稻品种品质标准,但胶稠度、直链淀粉含量等指标还不够理想,需在保持其优质早熟等优良特性的基础上,对品质性状进行改造提升;早熟,播始历期均在66 d左右,与天丰A相同;配合力强,伍天A与R713配组育成的三系稻新组合——伍天A/R713于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定(闽审稻20190035)。【结论】伍天A是一个育性稳定、异交率高、米质优、早熟、配合力强的三系不育系,可以配制出优质、多种熟期的三系杂交水稻新组合

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling over fluorine-modified copper

精准控制C1分子C-C偶联合成特定C2+化合物是C1化学中极具挑战性的难题。由于C2+化合物(如乙烯和乙醇)在化工和能源领域具有重要用途，将CO2直接转化为C2+产物极具吸引力。发展高效催化剂，实现高电流密度、高C2+选择性、高稳定性的“三高”性能，是推进电催化还原CO2走向实际应用的关键。研究团队针对电催化还原CO2中高CO2还原法拉第效率的催化剂常常活性低的问题，提出了适当提高催化剂活化水的能力对增加CO2还原活性的重要性，发展出氢助碳碳偶联(hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling)的新策略，在氟修饰的铜(F-Cu)催化剂上实现了CO2电催化还原制乙烯和乙醇的新突破。该研究工作实验部分主要由王野、张庆红教授指导，能源材料协同创新中心iChEM2016级博士生马文超、固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室高级工程师谢顺吉(共同第一作者)完成；理论计算部分由程俊教授指导，2017级硕士生刘彤彤(共同第一作者)、2016级博士生樊祺源完成。叶进裕博士为原位红外测试提供了支持。上海光源姜政研究员、孙凡飞博士、杨若欧为同步辐射表征提供了支持。 这是投稿的最终版本，正式出版的论文版本请访问官方链接（https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-020-0450-0）。Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into multi-carbon (C2+) products is a highly attractive route for CO2 utilization. However, the yield of C2+ products remains low because of the limited C2+ selectivity at high CO2 conversion rate. Here, we report a fluorine-modified copper catalyst that exhibits an ultrahigh current density of 1.6 A cm−2 at C2+ (mainly ethylene and ethanol) Faradaic efficiency of 80% for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in a flow cell. The C2-4 selectivity reaches 85.8% at a single-pass yield of 16.5%. We show a hydrogen-assisted C−C coupling mechanism between adsorbed formyl (CHO) intermediates for C2+ formation. Fluorine enhances water activation, CO adsorption and hydrogenation of adsorbed CO to CHO intermediate that can readily undergo coupling. Our findings offer an opportunity to design highly active and selective CO2 electroreduction catalysts with potential for practical applicationThis work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2017YFB0602201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21690082, 91545203, 21503176 and 21802110), We thank staffs at the BL14W1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities (SSRF) for assistance with the EXAFS measurements.研究工作得到科技部重点研发计划（批准号：2017YFB0602201）和国家自然科学基金（批准号：21690082、91545203、21503176、21802110）项目的资助

令和6（2024）年度 修士論文要旨

departmental bulletin pape

広島大学医学部保健学集談会 演題及び抄録

片麻痺を持つ高齢者の居住環境とLocus Control ; 座位と臥位によるP300の変化 ; Locked-in(閉じ込め)症候群のリハビリテーション ; 長時間運動時の循環応答に関する検討 ; 医学系大学生に対する喫煙アンケート調査報告 ; マウスにおける卵巣摘出 ; 低カルシウム摂取および運動が骨の機械的強度に及ぼす影響 ; 輸液カテーテルに由来する感染の防止に関する研究 ; ElectrophysioIogical research on the hierarchical mechanism causing the disruption of voluntary muscle force producing following disuse in human ; 痴呆患者の談話の特徴 ; 機械受容器の変化に関する基礎的研究とリハビリテーション ; HIV/AIDSの流行予測とSTD感染に関連する生活行動・社会経済因子に関する研究 ; Maternal and Child Health in the Community and the World ; 早産児における侵害受容性刺激に対する顔面表情運動とnon-nutritive sucking の効果 ; 多周波数インピーダンス法による身体組成評価とその臨床的応用 ; 誘導イメージ法の有効性に関する心理学的・生理学的研究 ; 入院中の高齢者の主観的幸福感 ; 慢性頚髄損傷者の将来見通しと現在の生活満足度に関する関係探索的研究 ; DeveIopment of a method to assess expression of mood and engagement displayed by the children with severe physical and cognitivedysfunction to occupational therapy using musical activity ; 長時間運動中の循環応答に関する研究 ; 筋疲労における主動筋および拮抗筋脊髄運動ニューロン興奮性に関する研究 ; Role of xanthine oxidase in lipid peroxidation induced by acute exhaustive exercise ; Reflex modulation of cardiac autonomic nerve activity by mechanical stretch and electrically-evoked contraction of skeletal muscIe ; Sympathetic control of the cardiovascular system during dynamic exercis