The Research Survey of the Degrading-bacteria and Degrading-enzyme of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides

通讯作者：Tel: 0592-2186195; : [email protected][中文文摘]拟除虫菊酯类农药目前已成为我国出口的蔬菜、水果中主要的3类农药残留之一,引起急慢性中毒事件也越来越多,对人类、水生生物和自然环境造成很大危险。而农药生物降解作为去除农药污染的有效手段,逐渐成为环境科学研究的热点。重点综述了拟除虫菊酯类农药降解菌的分离、降解酶的提取、纯化、降解机理、固定化研究,并对以后要解决的问题进行了展望。[英文文摘]Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides have become one of the three major kinds of pesticide residues in the exported vegetabes and fruits in China nowadays. They also caused more and more acute or chronic poisoning affair and do great damage to human beings, aquatic biology and natural environment. As an efficient way to remove pesticides pollution, the biodegradation of pesticides has gradually become the hot issue in the field of environmental sciences. The study on the separation of degrading-bacteria and the extraction, purification, mechanism and immobilization of the degrading-enzyme of pyrethroids is reviewed in this paper. And the problems under resolved in the future work are also prospected.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(No.2007F3094);厦门大学引进人才科研启动费项目(No.0000-X071C3);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金(No.MEL0603);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金(No.200702);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室开放研究基金(No.HY200601

Advance in new determination methods for pesticide residues

第一作者简介：王兆守（1972—），男，博士，讲师。研究方向为有机 污染物的生物降解。电话 0592–2186195；E–mail [email protected]。 联系人：王兆守。[中文文摘]介绍了农药残留检测的步骤与方法。农药残留检测主要分为4个步骤:样品的提取、净化、浓缩和检测。提取方法主要有震荡法、索式提取法、固相微萃取法、超临界流体萃取法、快速溶剂萃取法等。净化方法主要有:液-液分配净化法、柱层析法、磺化法等。浓缩方法主要有:蒸发浓缩、反渗透浓缩、K-D浓缩仪浓缩等。检测方法主要有:气相色谱-质谱联用法、荧光分析法、酶抑制法、免疫分析法、生物传感器检测法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法等。评述了这些方法的优点与缺陷,提出了今后的发展方向。[英文文摘]The determination of residual pesticides is mainly divided into four processes:extraction,cleanup,concentration and detection. The methods for extracting samples include shaking extraction,soxhlet’s extraction,solid phase micro-extraction,supercritical fluid extraction，accelerated solvent extraction and so on. The cleanup methods include liquid-liquid partition process,column chromatography,sulfonation and so on. The concentration methods include evaporation and concentration,reverse-osmosis，Kuderna Danish (K-D) concentrator and so on. The detection methods include gas chromatography-mass ectrometry,fluorometry,enzyme inhibition,immunoassay, biosensor and infrared spectrometry,Raman spectrometry,and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were reviewed and the development tendency in the future was pointed out.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2007F3094);厦门大学引进人才科研启动费项目(0000-X071C3);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)开放基金(MEL0603);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室开放研究基金(HY200601);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金(200702

Discussion on the Agroforestry on the Loess Plateau

该文在阐述农林复合经营含义的基础上，介绍了黄土高原地区的几种农林复合经营模式及其生态经济效益，并对黄土高原实行农林复合经营存在的问题进行了讨论。同时，针对目前的治理状况，认为农林复合经营是治理黄土高原、发展经济的主要途径和技术措施。因而开展农林复合经营研究，有着重要的理论和实践意义

Summary on Researches of Plant oils for Fuel

本文介绍了植物油作燃料的研究历史以及试验研究状况，表明植物油作为柴油的替代品是最易实现的方案。但植物油燃料还需进一步试验研究才能使其实用化，其技术储备具有深远的现实意义。本文还通过对燃料油植物栽培问题的探讨，认为“农林复合经营”是生产植物燃料油的重要途径

Study on the Shrubbery Growth and Productivity

采用Logistic方程模拟，揭示了沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）、刺槐（Robinia Pseudoacecia）、山杏（Prumus armeniaca）等10个树种的生长发育特性．以试验数据分析了造林密度、施肥、平茬与灌木林产量的密切关系

Research on the Mechanisms by Which Thermophilic Fungi Promote the Hyphal Growth of Agaricus bisporus

嗜热真菌是蘑菇堆肥二次发酵后培养阶段的主要微生物类群。它们在堆肥中的数量及活性与蘑菇的产量有很大的相关性。本文综述了近年来，国外以嗜热色串孢（SCyTAlIdIuMTHErMOPHIluM）为典型种，研究其对蘑菇菌丝促生作用的生物机制的主要成果，国外主要研究了嗜热色串孢在堆肥中的分布、数量，生长动力学特性以及呼吸机制等，同时发现嗜热色串孢的呼吸作用形成适宜的CO2浓度可使得蘑菇菌丝尽早占料，获取生态优势，本文还介绍了国内有关嗜热真菌的研究及应用。Thermophilic Fungi are the dominant species among all kinds of microorganisms in mush-room compost during the temperature-controlled process of phase Ⅱ.The amount and activity of the Fun-gal mycelium have been observed to be positively correlated with mushroom yield.This article summaries the recent research on the mechanisms by which thermophilic Fungi promote thehyphal growth of Agaricus bisporus.In order to study the growth-promoting eFFect by these Fungi, Scytal-idium thermophilum was used as a model organism to investigate its distribution and amount in compost,growth characteristics,respiration pathway.The results showed that the concentration of CO2 was an im-portant parameter that inFluenced the hyphal extension rates of Agaricus bisporus.The research in China was also presented

Thermal resistance analytical model for thermoelectric component with series-parallel connection

为了选择合适的温差电组件和外部换热器,根据非平衡态热力学理论和牛顿冷却定律,对温差电组件采用串并联连接方式的温差发电系统进行了研究,导出了系统输出功率的热阻解析模型,探讨了温差电组件总数量、并联组件数量、热电模块及其热端和冷端的热阻等对系统性能的影响.结果表明,系统电阻与负载电阻、热电模块热阻与其热端和冷端的热阻之间存在匹配关系,能使系统获得最大的输出功率;随着并联组件数量的增加,最大输出功率和回路电流得到了提高,但系统的输出电压却降低了.研究结果为温差发电系统的合理装配及性能优化提供了理论参考.In order to choose the appropriate thermoelectric components and external heat exchangers,the thermoelectric generation system with series-parallel connection of thermoelectric components was investigated according to the non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory and Newton cooling law,and the thermal resistance analytical model for system output power was derived.In addition,the effect of total number of thermoelectric components,number of components with parallel connection,thermoelectric module as well as thermal resistance at both hot and cold ends of the module on the system performance was discussed.The results show that there is a matching relationship between the system resistance and load resistance.Moreover,the thermal resistance of thermoelectric module and the thermal resistance at both hot and cold ends of the module also exhibit a matching relationship.Therefore the maximum output power can be obtained for the system.With increasing the number of components with parallel connection,the maximum output power and loop current get enhanced,while the output voltage of the system decreases.The present results can provide the theoretical reference for the reasonable assembly and performance optimization of thermoelectric generation system.广东省重大科技专项项目(2008A080302002;2010A080405003);粤港关键领域重点突破项目(佛山专项)(2009Z015

双孢蘑菇的分子遗传育种研究进展

福建省自然科学基

RAPD ANALYSIS of INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM of AGARICUS BISPORUS AND AGARICUS BITORQUIS

应用rAPd方法分析双孢蘑菇（AgArICuSbISPOruS）及大肥菇（AgArICuSbITOrQuIS）的种内及种间多态性，进一步证实由于双孢蘑菇的遗传保守性，多数孢子为自体可育的异核孢子，从而导致种内相似性很高；而依赖天然杂交具四孢特性的大肥菇种内相似程度较低。研究还分析评价了蘑菇属中的这两个不同种之间的亲缘关系，为种间杂交选材提供了理论依据。With 10 random primers, 6 strains of Agaricus bisporus and 3 strains of Agaricus bitorquis were subjected to analysis their interspecific and intraspecific polymorphism by RAPD technique.Statistical data show that there are high values of genetic similarity among the strains of Agaricus bisporus, the secondarily homothallic species.Relatively high degree variation among the strains of Agaricus bitorquis,which produces tetrasporic basidia were also observed.The interspecific consanguinity between Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis isn't as near as expectation.This paper provides valuable theoretical basis in choosing strains for intercross breeding.福建省自然科学基金!C9606