The separation of spaced tidal and subtidal currents for ship-mounted ADCP data and its application —take Xiamen Bay as example

厦门湾位于台湾海峡西岸的福建省东南部沿海，是我国东南沿海对外贸易的重要口岸。改革开放30年以来“以港立市”，“建设中国东南国际航运中心”等战略目标的确立与实施，客观上带动了海洋经济的快速发展。但近年来城市湾岸开发利用程度加剧导致港湾纳潮量下降，伴随的是湾内航道淤积、入海污染物滞留时间较长、水体污染事件时有发生、部分湾内生态环境遭遇较大程度破坏状况时有出现等。从物理海洋学专业角度出发了解厦门湾水动力特征是把握环境变化的基础。本文旨在研究港湾实测海流中所包含有的潮、余流信息，关注环厦门岛重要入海口门断面潮周期内潮通量变化，与及通过了解与把握上述各项时空变化规律，为解决以上问题提供宝贵第一手基础材料...Xiamen Bay, lying in the south exit of the Taiwan Strait and on the southeast coast of Fujian Province, is one of the major ports for foreign trade in China. Having been reforming and opening up for 30 years, the establishment and implement of the strategic objectives, i.e., relying on the port to establish the urban and to construct the international shipping center in southeast of China, led to ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_物理海洋学学号：2242009115116

Residential Thermal Comfort in Western Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Inner Mongolia in Shoulder Season

对内蒙古西部农牧区的81户住宅的过渡季和采暖期初的室内外环境参数进行了现场测试,并以主观问卷调查的方式对居民的着装情况和热感觉等做了统计。经过对; 调查测试的结果进行了统计分析,得出内蒙古西部农牧区的的过渡季和采暖期初的热中性温度为15.6 ℃和15.3 ℃,热期望温度为17.9; ℃和18.6 ℃, 80%居民可接受温度下限为13.1 ℃和14.3 ℃, 90%的热可接受温度范围为15.9 ~ 23.3 ℃和17.5 ~; 21.9 ℃。结果表明处于当地气候条件下和穿衣、适应措施的综合影响下,农牧区居民对偏冷环境的适应性较好。The indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of 81 houses in the; western agricultural and pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia in shoulder; season and heating periods were tested.Questionnaire about the clothing; and thermal sensation was sent to residents in the houses.By analyzing; the survey results,it was found that the acceptable neutral temperature; in shoulder season and heating periods is 15.6 ℃ and 15.5; ℃,respectively; the preferred temperature in shoulder season and heating; periods is 17.9 ℃ and 18.6 ℃,respectively; the lowest temperature that; 80% residents can accept in shoulder season and heating periods is 13.1; ℃ and 14.3 ℃, respectively; and the thermal comfort temperature at which; 90% residents feel satisfied in shoulder season and heating periods; ranges from 15.9 ℃ to 23.3 ℃ and from 17.5 ℃ to 21.9 ℃,respectively.The; results show that the residents in agricultural and pastoral areas are; better adaptable to the cold environment because of the combined; influence of local climate,dressing and adaptation measures.国家自然科学基金资助项目; 内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目; 内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目; 内蒙古研究生教育创新计划资助项

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

In a companion paper, we present the first spatially resolved polarized image of Sagittarius A* on event horizon scales, captured using the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometric array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here we interpret this image using both simple analytic models and numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. The large spatially resolved linear polarization fraction (24%–28%, peaking at ∼40%) is the most stringent constraint on parameter space, disfavoring models that are too Faraday depolarized. Similar to our studies of M87*, polarimetric constraints reinforce a preference for GRMHD models with dynamically important magnetic fields. Although the spiral morphology of the polarization pattern is known to constrain the spin and inclination angle, the time-variable rotation measure (RM) of Sgr A* (equivalent to ≈46° ± 12° rotation at 228 GHz) limits its present utility as a constraint. If we attribute the RM to internal Faraday rotation, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be counterclockwise, contrary to inferences based on historical polarized flares, and no model satisfies all polarimetric and total intensity constraints. On the other hand, if we attribute the mean RM to an external Faraday screen, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be clockwise, and one model passes all applied total intensity and polarimetric constraints: a model with strong magnetic fields, a spin parameter of 0.94, and an inclination of 150°. We discuss how future 345 GHz and dynamical imaging will mitigate our present uncertainties and provide additional constraints on the black hole and its accretion flow

Analysis of tidal and residual current characteristics at the cross-section of Tong'an Bay entrance in winter based on the 3-D harmonic separation method

利用同安湾口门断面走航AdCP观测数据,采用基于高斯基函数的CAndElA空间插值方法,对海流进行空间三维的调和分离,并对分离的各分潮流与余流进行流场的回归检验分析,f(α=0.01)检验显示流场的回归效果显著.观测期间同安湾口门断面平均潮差为5.15 M,最小潮差4.38M,最大潮差5.98 M,断面上涨落潮最大流速分别为92.3、80.3 CM/S,潮流特征分析表明,同安湾口门断面的潮流运动形式为往复流,以半日潮流为主,约占70%潮流信息,潮流流速从海表面向海底递减.余流最大值为12.5 CM/S,空间分布上将同安湾口门断面一分为二形成北进南出的余流进出通道,这与以往余流格局的认识相符.The Gaussian function-oriented Candela spatial interpolation was employed for a 3-D harmonic separation of the tidal and the residual currents from the ship-mounted ADCP data collected at the cross-section of Tong'an Bay entrance in winter,and the regression analysis of the separated tidal and residual currents field was also performed,which showed significant regression effect according to F(α=0.01) test.The average,minimum and the maximum tidal ranges at the cross-section of Tong'an Bay were 5.15,4.38 and 5.98 m,respectively;and the maximum flow velocity at the cross-section during flooding and ebb tides were 92.3 and 80.3 cm/s,respectively.According to the hydrodynamic analysis,the tidal form at the cross-section was rectilinear.And the tidal flow was dominated by semidiurnal current which represented 70% of the tidal information with the speed diminishing from the ocean surface to the bottom.The residual current had a maximum velocity of 12.5 cm/s,and the cross-section of Tong'an Bay entrance was divided by the spatial distribution of the residual current into a north-forward channel and a south-backward channel.Such a result was consistent with previous investigations.海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(2010418012);福建省科技厅专项经费资助项目(2010Y0064);厦门市海洋与渔业局专项经费资助项

Analysis of tidal and tidal induced residual current characterisitics based on ship-mounted ADCP data in east and west mouth inside Xiamen Bay

应用厦门内湾东西3个口门断面(五通—下店、嵩屿—鼓浪屿、鼓浪屿—轮渡)一个潮周日走航AdCP资料的空间插值潮、流调和分离结果,分析占主导的M2分潮流与余流沿断面的空间分布特征.分析结果表明受地形约束的3个断面M2分潮流均以往复流为主,断面深槽为主流通道,M2分潮最大可能流速均沿主流深槽向左右岸递减,三断面中以鼓浪屿—轮渡断面最为强劲,平均值为46 CM/S,五通—下店断面次之为43 CM/S,嵩屿—鼓浪屿断面最弱,仅为33 CM/S.该半日潮波进入厦门内湾首先在鼓浪屿—轮渡断面达到最大值,出现时间在月中天后2.1 H,其次为五通—下店断面2.7 H,最后为嵩屿—鼓浪屿断面3.3 H.再者地形变化剧烈的嵩屿—鼓浪屿断面M2分潮非线性运动较强,浅水分潮的幅度增大.潮波的非线性效应又衍生了非周期性的潮致余流,该余流在厦门内湾东西口门有较为稳定的存在,且表现为近岸区流幅大,潮流通道内小,嵩屿—鼓浪屿与鼓浪屿—轮渡断面均值为9 CM/S,五通—下店断面均值为5 CM/S,同时各个断面余流均存在使内湾海水正常更替,沿断面法向一分为二,一进一出的态势.基于本次观测结果计算出一潮周日厦门内湾东西口门余流通量为76.156x106M3,净潮通量为69.591x106M3,相对偏差小于8.6%.This study is the first application of spatial interpolation harmonic result for tidal and residual current of ship-mounted ADCP data in tidal cycles on 3 sections of Songyu-Gulangyu,Gulangyu-Lundu and Wutong-Xiadian in the east and west inside Xiamen Bay,where the characteristics of dominant M2 tidal and residual current is analyzed along the cross-section.The results showed that in 3 sub-sections M2 is constrained by topography with rectilinear.The mainstream lies on the deep grooves of channel.M2 maximum possible velocity are descending to the left and right banks of mainstream deep grooves.Among 3 sections the section of Gulangyu-Lundu show the most powerful,with an average of 46 cm /s followed by the section of Wutong-Xiadian,43 cm /s and the section of Songyu-Gulangyu,the weakest of only 33 cm /s.The semidiurnal tidal wave enters into inner Bay of Xiamen first reaching maximum in Gulangyu-Lundu section,appeared 2.1 hours after moon culminion,Wutong-Xiadian,2.7hours and Songyu-Gulangyu,3.3hours.Furthermore dramic topography of Songyu-Gulangyu section M2 nonlinear tidal movement is stronger accompanied an increasing shallow wer tidal amplitude.The nonlinear effects of tidal waves derived from the non-periodic tide-induced residual current,which has a stable form over inside Xiamen Bay,and becomes large coastal and small in the tidal channel.Current velocities on Songyu-Gulangyu and Gulan-gyu-Lundu sections has a mean of 9cm /s in contrast 5 cm /s on Wutong-Xiadian section.On each section residual current balances the inner bay wers exchange and it divides into two by carrying in and out in normal direction.Based on this observion tidal cycles of residual current flux from east and west mouth inside Xiamen Bay is calculed as 76.156 × 106m3,retained tidal flux,69.591 ×106m3,and the magnitude of absolute error is less than 8.6%.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研专项经费资金资助项目(海三科2013008

Ultralarge single crystal SnS rectangular nanosheets

Uniform ultralarge single crystal SnS rectangular nanosheets (7000 nm X 3000 nm X 20 nm) have been synthesized by thermodecomposing a single-source precursor (Sn-diethyl-dithiocarbamate-1,10-phenanthroline). The obtained SnS nanosheets exhibit excellent electrochemical properties which have promising applications in lithium ion batteries

陆面蒸散的双源遥感模型及其在华北平原的应用

建立了一个计算陆面蒸散的双源遥感模型,利用多光谱和热红外遥感数据估算地表土壤缺水状况,并计算蒸散通量。本模型利用2000-2002年的13期Landsat TM和ETM+遥感数据计算了栾城地区1 000 km2范围的蒸散通量。通过与地面同步微气象观测值的对比,显示利用笔者建立的双源蒸散模型和简化的植被指数-地表温度梯形法确定土壤水分状况,在华北平原能够获得比较满意的计算结果

《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系

植被志(vegegraphy)是基于植被调查资料,全面记叙植被的群落外貌、种类组成、结构和功能、生境条件,以及地理分布等特征,并对同类植被进行归纳和总结的志书。"植被志"的英文译为"vegegraphy",是本文的新造词,它是由"vegetation"的词头"vege-"和英文后缀"-graphy"(记叙之意)组成的合成词。《中国植被志》的研编是一项时间紧迫、内容复杂、工作量浩繁的重大科学工程。它的完成将极大提升中国植被科学和生态学的研究水平,并为中国植被资源的合理利用、生物多样性保护及生态环境治理等提供不可或缺的基础资料。本文首先简述了植被的基本特征(主要包括外貌特征、种类组成、群落结构以及动态变化等)和国内外植被调查的进展情况,简要回顾了中国植被分类系统的研究历史,并对以往的分类系统进行了若干修订。在此基础上,着重讨论并提出了《中国植被志》卷册编排体系和用于《中国植被志》研编的植被类型划分方案。在对植被分类系统的修订方面,主要对高级分类单位及相对应的英文名称进行了讨论和修订。按照本文修订的分类系统,中国植被的分类单位及其对应的英文名称分别是:植被型组(Vegetation Formation Group)、植被型(Vegetation Formation)和植被亚型(Vegetation Subformation)、群系组(Alliance Group)、群系(Alliance)和亚群系(Suballiance)、群丛组(Association Group)以及群丛(Association)。在植被型组中,划分为9类:森林、灌丛、草本植被、荒漠、高山冻原与稀疏植被、沼泽与水生植被、农业植被、城市植被及无植被地段。关于《中国植被志》的卷册编排和"植被类型"划分,首先按高级分类单位——植被型划分相应的"卷";在此框架下,模糊"植被亚型"、"群系组"和"群系"的概念,确定"植被类型"(Vegetation type),并将其作为植被志各卷中的"册"。这样处理不仅保证了研编工作的可操作性,也保持了同一卷册中特定植被类型的完整性。《中国植被志》编排体系中的"植被类型"的划分很重要,它是指具有相同建群种及相同优势类群(如种、属)的植被组合,但它不是严格意义上的植被分类单位。"植被类型"的划分遵循"优势类群及生活型的同一性,生境条件的相对重要性,植被特征及用途的差异性,以及突出植被志的应用性"等原则。按该编排体系,《中国植被志》将由48卷约110册组成