Explore the Raman instruments and methods for high sensitivity, on-line detection and miniaturization

仪器是自然科学研究的重要工具，是科学研究的基础条件。科学技术的飞 速发展对仪器提出了越来越高的要求，不断的有新技术，新材料被用于科学仪 器的研发。反过来，科学仪器的发展水平也决定了科学研究的水平。“工欲善其 事，必先利其器”，仪器方法的研究本身也是一个重要的科学门类。它的特点和 难点在于要用多学科的技术来解决某一学科的尖端难题。目前，我们国家大部 分高档科学仪器依赖进口，而某些研究需要对仪器进行改装或自主搭建则困难 重重，一方面仪器厂商定制仪器价格十分高昂，而且定制仪器需要反复修改， 一般企业很难做到；另一方面，自主搭建仪器需要多学科的知识与技术。 在化学研究中，拉曼光谱是一个...Abstract Scientific instrument is an important tool for scientific research, it is one of the basic conditions of scientific research. The rapid development of science and technology requires the instrument also develop rapidly. On one side, new technology, new materials are used in the development of scientific instruments. On the other side, the level of scientific instruments also determin...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学学号：2052008015018

Home Market Effect: An Examination of Motorcycle Industry in China

国际贸易理论里存在着两种解释贸易产生的原因和国家的产业结构的理论：比较优势理论和新经济地理学，比较优势理论认为贸易的产生是由于国家之间内在禀赋的不同，新经济地理学把贸易的产生归因于规模经济和产品差异化。新经济地理学的代表学者Krugman提出了著名的本地市场效应，即在存在着报酬递增和运输成本的世界里，国家常常成为有相对大的本地需求的产品的净出口国。在传统的比较优势贸易框架里是不存在本地市场效应的，因此，本地市场效应的存在与否是这两种理论区分的关键。 从20世纪末开始，中国很多城市采取了“禁摩限摩”政策，“禁摩限摩”政策打压了城市的摩托车需求，更进一步地，“禁摩限摩”政策打压了中国对高质量摩托...There are two theories explaining reasons for trade and industrial distribution. Comparative advantage theory holds that countries trade because of inherent differences. The economic geography theory holds that countries trade to take advantage of increasing returns and product differentiation. Krugman proposed a famous theory named home market effect based on the economic geography: In a world wi...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：王亚南经济研究院_金融学(含保险学)学号：2772011115269

基于SWOT分析的西部地区民族风情旅游发展研究

在分析了民族风情旅游的内涵及其特征的基础上 ,对西部地区民族风情旅游的发展条件进行了SWOT分析 ,并对促进西部地区民族风情旅游的可持续发展提出了针对性的建议和对策

对旅行社业发展中存在问题的探讨

由于政府行为干预过多,旅行社协会组织管理职能又有限,致使我国旅行社业中出现诸如恶性削价竞争、违规操作、导购不导景、寻租经济等问题长期得不到解决,旅游者合法权益得不到保护。因此,应使政府部门放松微观规制和行业内部自律相结合,以保证旅行社业持续健康发展

Coming from history——"Protection of Inheritance"——Block morphological analysis and transformation of the future in Longtou road of Gulang island in Xiamen

以厦门鼓浪屿龙头路的改造设计为例讨论历史街区保护开发。历史街区保护开发要与城市区域总体发展策划相适应,可以导入全新的区域开发、旅游开发理念,为区域的发展寻求一条独特的发展之道。在街区设计中挖掘、整合、升华、提炼历史文化内涵和特色,强化区域独特个性。挖掘改造设计的文化内涵,保持自身的文化特色和文化优势。对鼓浪屿龙头路进行品牌设计,有利于突出厦门鼓浪屿独特的社会文化环境,成为具有较高知名度、富有竞争力的城市区域。Take the reformation and redesign of the Longtou road in Gulang island of Xiamen as an example, discussing the protection and development of the historical street area.The historical street area protection and development should be adapt to the macroscopic developing plan of the city, it can contain the new principle of district development and tour development, looking for a special way for more progress.In the street area designing, scoop out, integrate, sublimate and refine the content and the features of the historical culture, enhance the character of different districts

Charge Transfer Enhancement of Adenine Adsorbed on Palladium Nanostructured Surfaces by UV and Visible Laser Excited SERS

通讯作者: 任斌. E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]腺嘌呤/金属体系中电荷转移(CT)增强机理的深入认识对理解单分子SERS和TERS中的巨大增强效应意义重大。受激发光波长的限制,关于CT是否存在的实验证据目前还未见报道。本文在获得钯上UV-SERS的基础上,借助紫外光激发的优势,研究了腺嘌呤吸附在钯包金体系中的电荷转移增强机理。通过分析三个激发光波长下(325 nm、514.5 nm和632.8 nm)的电位SERS谱,获得了峰值电位与激发光能量hv之间斜率为正的线性关系,从实验上首次证实了腺嘌呤吸附在钯上的电荷转移增强机理,电荷转移方向是从金属到分子。这对深入认识SM-SERS或TERS中腺嘌呤在金和银上的巨大增强效应起到了一定的指导作用。[英文文摘]Studies on the charge transfer enhancement mechanism of adenine/metal system are very important for the understanding of the huge enhancements observed in the single molecule SERS(SM-SERS) or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS).However,direct experimental proof has not been achieved mainly due to the limit in the excitation lines used which usually focus on visible or NIR region.Owing to the successive acquirement of UV-SERS on palladium surface,the excitation with higher energy of ultraviolet(UV) laser will bring some new insights into the understanding of SERS mechanism. In this paper,charge transfer enhancement of adenine molecules adsorbed on Pd was verified for the first time on the basis of the potential dependent SERS spectra with a UV laser (325 nm)and two visible lasers (514.5 nm and 632.8 nm) excitations. Linear relat ionship with a positive slope between excitation energy and Emax (potential at which intensity reaches maximum) was observed, indicating a metal to molecule charge transfer. The UV excitation displays an obvious advantage in its ability to bring a larg e differ ence of Emax from those with visible laser excitat ions.国家自然科学基金(20825313); 中国科技部(973项目,Nos:2007CB935603

Rare Earth Eu Doped PtRu/C Catalysts and Their Properties for Methanol Electrooxidation

Corresponding authors. Email: [email protected], [email protected]; Tel: +86-773-5846279, +86-592-2180181.[中文文摘]采用化学还原和热处理方法对商业PtRu/C催化剂进行稀土Eu掺杂,制备了不同Eu含量的PtRuEux/C催化剂.透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散光谱(EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法表征催化剂的结果表明,Eu的掺杂未改变PtRu/C催化剂的平均粒径(约为3nm),并且Eu以金属和氧化物两种形态修饰PtRu表面.循环伏安和计时电流法测试显示,PtRuEux/C催化剂较商业PtRu/C对甲醇氧化具有更高的活性,其中PtRuEu0.3/C的活性最高.运用原位傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱从分子水平研究了该催化剂对甲醇电催化氧化的反应过程,检测到甲醇在催化剂上解离吸附的吸附态产物是线型吸附态CO(COL),Eu的掺杂使COL的氧化电位降低,明显提高了催化剂的活性和抗CO毒化的能力.[英文文摘]Commercially available PtRu/C catalyst was doped with Eu by chemical reduction and sintering, resulting in PtRuEux/C catalysts with different Eu contents. The catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that Eu doping did not change the average size of the PtRu/C catalysts (ca 3 nm), and their surfaces were modified by both Eu metal and oxide. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry demonstrated that the activity of the PtRuEux/C catalysts was higher than that of commercial PtRu/C for methanol electrooxidation. Among the PtRuEux/C catalysts, PtRuEu0.3/C exhibited the best performance. The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on the catalyst was further investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at molecular level. Results indicated that the adsorbed species derived from the dissociative adsorption of methanol on the catalysts were linear-bonded CO (COL). Eu doping decreased the oxidation potential of COL and thus significantly enhanced the activity of the catalysts and their tolerance to CO.国家自然科学基金(20833005,20828005);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金; 厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放课题;广西研究生教育创新计划项

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

基于HNC的短时记忆处理

本文从短时记忆研究现状入手，介绍了当前认知心理学中的短时记忆、人工智能中的机器学习和中文信息处理中专有名词的处理方法，并将它们做了简要比较。虽然HNC(概念层次网络)理论从萌芽到形成发展走过了漫长的岁月，但对大多数人来说仍较为陌生，因此第三章对HNC理论和基本处理策略作了简要介绍。接下来，本文以HNC理论为指导，以“来自于句类分析，为句类分析服务”为宗旨，以满足篇章处理为目标，对基于HNC的短时记忆处理进行了探讨，初步形成了短时记忆的处理思路。本文根据HNC要领节点表设计原则和句类分析中各类信息重要性的不同，对HNC短时记忆的内容进行了分类，分为专为句词、新词和其他指称；在把握每类短时记忆内容的特点的基础上，借鉴了专有名词处理中的传统处理方法，以句类分析和K-调度为基础，提出了每类短时记忆内容的处理策略，设计了处理方案和系统总框架，描述了处理流程，最后对本论文所做的工作进行了简要总结。作为自然语言处理的新思路，HNC仍在发展完善中，短时记忆作为HNC理论体系的一个部分，需要更深入的研究和宏观把握，从而更好地为HNC处理自然语言服务。Beginning with introduction of the state of art situation in Cognitive Psychology's Short-term Memory studies, this paper presents the Machine Learning in AI and the Special Noun recognizing method. Furthermore, this paper makes a comparison among them. Though it has been long for Hierarchical Network of Concepts coming into being, there are a few people to know it. This paper gives its outline in chapter 3th. In the following chapter 4~(th) and chapter 5~(th), under the guiding of HNC and with the rational of "from Sentence Category Analysis and for Sentence Category Analysis", the manipulating methods of HNC based Short-term Memory are given. Thinking of the different importance of them for Sentence Category Analysis, the contents, which must been deal with by the Short-term Memory, are divided into three sets as Special Noun, New Chinese Word and the third Set that contains all the other things not been included by the prior two. Based on K-Schedule and Sentence Category Analysis this paper has designed the frame of Short-term Memory and given the flow of control and data. In the final chapter, this paper's summary is stated out. HNC has been being on the progress, so the STM need a lot of works to be done. Because of the limit of time and the author's lack of knowledge there must be many deficiencies in the paper. Any corrections are appreciated