新公共管理视角下高校教学秘书工作探究

高校教学秘书工作是提高学校教学质量、确保教学工作正常有序进行的重要管理环节。目前高校教学秘书工作中存在职责范围不明、缺乏创新、教学秘书积极性不高和队伍不稳定等问题,本文从新公共管理视角出发,分析出现问题的原因,探讨改进高校教学秘书工作的实现路径

A Study on American Youth Political Apathy in the Perspective of Turnout（1992—2008）

自诩为政治模特的美国，其青年政治在上世纪60年代一度蓬勃发展，青年的政治热情和高度参与受到许多国家的追捧。然而，随着民主制度的不断成熟、公民政治文化素质的不断提高，美国青年正在自觉或不自觉地“远离政治”，成为国内政治冷漠群体。特别是从大选投票率上看，在1992—2008年这段期间，青年政治呈现出以下两方面特征：一是同以往时代的青年相比，该时期青年投票率出现下降趋势；二是与同时代的其他年龄层政治主体相比，这一时期的青年投票率最低。再加上学术界的相关研究结论以及美国社会各界积极应对青年低参与率的努力，一切证据均在显示，美国青年存在政治冷漠现象。 为了深入了解美国青年政治冷漠的本质，探索美国青年政...The youth politics of America which bills itself as a political model,was once-thriving in the 1960s, and young people’s political enthusiasm and a high degree of participation has been sought after in by many countries. However, with the maturing of democracy, and civil political and cultural quality continues to improve, American youth are consciously or unconsciously "far away from the politica...学位：法学硕士院系专业：公共事务学院政治学系_国际政治学号：1382009115055

Efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe for Treating Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Its Effect on Free Fatty Acid and TNF-α

目的观察皂术茵陈方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其对游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)及TNF-α的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将120例NASH患者分为治疗组及对照组,每组60例。治疗组予中药皂术茵陈方,每日1剂;对照组予水飞蓟宾葡甲胺片200 mg口服,每日3次,两组均治疗24周。分别于治疗前后通过检测血清ALT、AST活性及TC、TG水平;行腹部CT计算肝脾CT比值;应用肝组织病理检查评价非酒精性脂肪性肝病活动度积分(NAFLD activity score,NAS)及纤维化程度以评价临床疗效;并检测血清FFA及TNF-α含量。结果与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清ALT、AST、TC、TG、FFA、TNF-α水平、肝组织NAS积分及症状体征积分均明显降低,肝纤维化程度明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),且治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05)。治疗24周后,治疗组肝纤维化分期总有效率及临床总有效率分别为80.00%(48/60)、85.00%(51/60),明显高于对照组[60.00%(36/60)、73.33%(44/60)],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论皂术茵陈方可改善NASH患者的临床疗效,其作用可能与抑制血清FFA及TNF-α水平有关。Objective To observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe(ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid(FFA) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α).Methods Totally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group(60 cases,treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group(60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score(NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-αwere also detected. Results Compared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-α, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups(P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group(P < 0. 05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80. 00%(48/60 cases) and 85. 00%(51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60. 00%(36/60 cases) and 73. 33%(44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference(P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Conclusion ZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-α.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81503529,81274155);; 福建省自然科学基金面上资助项目(No.2014J01374);; 福建省卫生厅中医药项目(No.wzpw201308);; 厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20134020

栀子有效成分栀子苷的现代研究进展

目的对栀子苷的现代研究进展予以综述,以期为栀子苷的进一步研究及应用提供参考。方法综合近年来的相关文献,从栀子苷的分离提取工艺及含量测定、药理学与毒理学、药物代谢动力学等方面进行概述。结果栀子苷存在广泛的药理作用,但也有一定的毒性作用。结论有必要进一步探索栀子苷的用量控制和吸收方式以及毒性和保护作用的确切机制,运用现代科学的研究方式对其进行合理的利用与开发

栀子与茵陈蒿汤对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠脂质代谢及血清酶学影响的比较

目的:观察比较栀子与茵陈蒿汤对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠脂质代谢及血清酶学的影响。方法:用高脂饮食建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型,自造模第6周起,28只大鼠被随机分为模型组、栀子组、茵陈蒿汤组和易善复组,每组7只,灌胃饮用水或给药5周。通过肝脏组织HE染色观察肝组织病理学;肝功酶试剂盒及血脂试剂盒检测大鼠血清生化指标及肝组织甘油三酯(TG)含量。结果:模型组大鼠肝脏存在明显脂肪变性,并可见炎症细胞浸润,肝组织TG、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性均显著升高(P<0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.01);栀子组、茵陈蒿汤组大鼠肝脂肪变性及炎症反应较模型组明显减轻,肝组织TG、血清TG、TC含量、血清ALT、AST活性均较模型组显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),血清HDL-C则显著升高(P<0.01);栀子组在降低血清ALT及血清TC含量方面优于茵陈蒿汤组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:栀子与茵陈蒿汤均能明显改善脂肪肝大鼠肝组织病理学变化,对非酒精性脂肪性肝病有较好的干预作用,而栀子在改善胆固醇代谢及抗炎症损伤方面,效果优于茵陈蒿汤

固态聚苯胺电致变色器件的制备和性能

采用CeO2-TiO2复合物薄膜作为聚苯胺电致变色器件的对电极,选用聚合物固态电解质(PE:PMMA-PC-EC-L iC lO4),构筑了新型双层结构(Dual-type)聚苯胺(PANI)固态电致变色(EC)器件.用电化学现场紫外-可见光谱法表征了该EC器件(ITO|PANI||PE||CeO2-TiO2|ITO)的电致变色性能,并与单层结构(S ingle-type)EC器件(ITO|PANI||PE||ITO)进行了比较.研究结果表明,双层结构EC器件比单层结构EC器件的电致变色性能好,如响应速度快,循环寿命长.同时,考察了电解质组分对聚苯胺电致变色稳定性的影响.EC器件(ITO|PANI||PE||CeO2-TiO2|ITO)的颜色呈现由透明的黄色(-1.5 V,PANIvs.CeO2-TiO2)到蓝色(1.0 V)的可逆变化,在700 nm处的透射率由42.19%变到13.35%,经过150个循环,其透射率差仍保持不变,着色效率为152.1 cm2/C

皂术茵陈方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎40例临床研究

目的:观察皂术茵陈方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效。方法:将78例患者单盲法随机分为治疗组40例和对照组38例;治疗组予中药皂术茵陈方治疗,对照组采用水飞蓟宾葡甲胺片(西利宾安)治疗;两组均治疗2个月。检测治疗前后患者血清谷丙转氨酶(AlT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、血清总胆固醇(TCH)、甘油三酯(Tg)含量;比较患者肝脏b超变化以及症状、体征积分等临床疗效。结果:经过2个月治疗,治疗组的临床总有效率达87.50%,较之对照组的73.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后症状、体征积分、肝脏b超改善情况、血清AlT、AST活性、血清TCH、Tg含量均较各自治疗前显著改善;较之对照组,治疗组上述改善更加显著(P<0.05)。结论:中药皂术茵陈方对改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有较好的临床疗效,可明显改善患者肝功能、血脂、b超影像指标及临床证候。国家自然科学基金(No.81274155); 福建省卫生厅中医药项目(No.wzpw201408); 厦门市重大科技计划项目(No.3502Z20100006

公共服务发展的质量评价与持续改进——厦门市的案例研究

该文将规范研究、实证研究和对策研究有机结合,首先通过设计一套涵盖一般公共服务、政府效能的厦门市公共服务绩效评价指标体系并进行实际应用,给出出厦门市公共服务整体绩效状况、政府公共服务供给与公众满意度等方面的结论;进而根据机构统计数据和问卷分析的结果,分析厦门市公共服务发展面临的现实困境;最后,立足实际,针对存在问题,提出改善厦门市公共服务绩效状况的对策建议。2010年度厦门市社会科学项目，国家自然科学基金重点项目(项目编号:70633001)

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

戊型肝炎病毒颗粒性蛋白疫苗H-2~d限制性Th表位的筛选

戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白重组抗原HEV 239能形成类病毒颗粒,具备演变成多价疫苗的载体的潜力,此文旨在筛选、鉴定其内包含的H-2d限制性Th表位。以50μg HEV 239蛋白与完全弗式佐剂混合后皮下免疫BALB/c鼠,以覆盖HEV 239蛋白全长的15氨基酸肽库体外刺激其脾细胞,用IFN--γELISPOT方法检测其细胞免疫应答,并通过磁珠剔除脾细胞中CD4+T细胞或CD8+T细胞以分析筛选得到的T细胞表位的特性。结果显示:HEV 239中包含优势的T细胞表位P34(HEV PORF2 AA533~AA547,HSKTF FVLPL RGKLS)及数个较弱的T细胞表位,P34对HEV 239免疫的BALB/c鼠脾细胞的刺激效果与HEV 239蛋白相当,剔除实验表明该表位为CD4+T细胞表位,即Th表位