Thermodynamic Analysis of the Efficiency Improvement of a Photovoltaic-thermoelectric Hybrid System

太阳能电池和热电模块组成的复合系统有望获得较高的太阳能到电能的转换效率。本文利用热力学方法分析了由商业化太阳能电池构成的复合系统,并根据一维模型下能流输运特性计算了系统内各模块温度及其对转换效率的影响,发现低温度系数和低效率的太阳能电池可以通过构建复合系统获得更大的性能提升。同时,由于太阳辐照的有限性导致流经热电模块的热流受到限制,因此热电模块效率无法达到理想条件下的最优值。这表明复合系统的优化并非各个模块优化后结果的简单线性叠加,而需要考虑构成复合系统的各个模块间的约束条件进行整体计算和优化,即复合系统效率不仅与材料本征特性(如电导率、热导率等)有关,也和其工作状态(如入射太阳辐照强度、热电模块构成及几何尺寸、模块之间热学特性等)有关。上述模型与结果对于类似复合系统的设计有着指导作用。A hybrid system formed by a photovoltaic module and a thermoelectric module has a great potential to enhance the solar-to-electricity efficiency.A mathematical model based on the first law of thermodynamics and the heat transfer analyses of the hybrid system is built, where the overall efficiency of the system is enhanced by optimizing the system as a whole.The model is used to study hybrid systems formed by commercially available photovoltaic modules and thermoelectric modules.It is found that, due to a limited incoming heat flux for the thermoelectric module, the overall performance of the hybrid system depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the materials forming such a hybrid system, but also on their working conditions, such as incoming solar radiation, geometry of each module, and interfacial properties.The results indicate that only photovoltaic modules with low temperature coefficient and low efficiency can truly benefit from forming such hybrid system, and the optimization of a hybrid system must be done as a whole.教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师项目(20090121120028);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类项目(20120121110021); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1232110

The primary investigation of the value of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of metastatic tumor

背景与目的:随着临床上晚期肿瘤病例的增多,为了解治疗前、后全身转移瘤的大小及数量变化的实际情况,以往多采用分部位进行CT和(或)Mr扫描,少部分有条件的患者采用PET检查,但这些方法可能存在过多地暴露于射线、检查时间过长及经济负担过重等问题。因此,我们探讨磁共振的全身弥散加权成像(WHOlE bOdy dIffuSIOn WEIgHTEd IMAgIng,WbdWI)方法对肿瘤及转移灶的检出准确性及其临床应用的可行性。方法:对68例临床已发现原发肿瘤及多个转移灶或发现多个肿瘤病灶,但原发灶不明确的患者进行WbdWI检查,其中男性49例;女性19例。平均年龄61岁。68例均与CT和(或)MrI的检查结果进行比较,其中17例与PET的检查结果相比较。对病灶的检出率,以病灶长径大小分为:<1CM,≥1~<2CM,≥2~<3CM及≥3CM以上4组进行计数分析,同时,对不同部位间的病灶检出情况进行分析。结果:WbdWI对4组病灶的检出率分别为30%、78%、96%及100%。在各个部位的敏感性和准确性中以骨骼最高。对位于肺部小于1CM的病灶和位于颈部、盆腔小于2CM的淋巴结的诊断存在一定困难。结论:WbdWI对大范围的肿瘤病灶筛查是安全、简便、有效和经济的检查新方法。随着技术参数的进一步完善,WbdWI在发现和诊断全身多发肿瘤方面,具有良好的发展潜力。因此,本技术有望作为一种新的、效果好于PET的全身检查技术。Background and purpose:With the increased number of advanced tumors,it is important to evaluate the actual pre-and post-treatment changes in metastatic diseases,such as tumor size and tumor quantity.Previously,CT and/or MRI scan were usually applied,only a few patients could pay for PET(positron emition tomography).But there were several problems we should face,including redundantly exposure to radiation,too long verification time and heavy financial burden.Therefore we evaluated the application of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing of tumor and metastatic tumor.Methods:sixty-eight patients(49 male,19 female,age from 29 to 84 years with mean age of 61 years) with a variety of tumors were investigated by combined CT and/or MRI scan,seventeen patients were compared with positron emition tomograph(PET).All tumors were classified into four groups,according to longest diameter of <1 cm,≥1-<2 cm,≥2-<3 cm and ≥3 cm.At the same time,the positive detection rates between different parts of the lesions were analyzed.Results:The detection rate of the four groups were 30%,78%,96% and 100%,respectively.The skeletal system had the highest sensitivity and accuracy in every part of body.There was difficulty in diagnosing lung cancer with longest diameter less than 1 cm as well as tumors located in neck and pelvic with longest diameter less than 2 cm.Conclusion:Whole body diffusion weighted imaging is secure,convenient,effective and economic for screening wide-ranging tumor focus.After improvement of parameters,WBDWI could be as a new effective whole body examination technique.厦门市科技计划项目(No:3502Z20074017

长汀县赢坪史前遗址发掘简报

2012年福建博物院对赢坪两处遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘,获得了一批包括石器、陶器、铜器、石范等内涵丰富的文化遗物,这批遗物可进一步了解闽西地区的史前文化发展序列及文化面貌,并且对于多地区文化间的交流研究也有一定的作用

Impeding the interaction between ​Nur77 and p38 reduces LPS-induced inflammation

该成果阐明了一条孤儿核受体Nur77通过p38-NF-κB信号通路参与炎症反应调控的新途径，为新的抗炎药物的筛选提供了新的靶标和理论基础。 吴乔课题组长期以来一直致力于孤儿核受体Nur77作用机理和生物学功能研究。该成果是吴乔课题组近年来在NatureChemicalBiology发表的第四篇系列研究论文，也是与不同学科领域相关课题组（包括结构生物学、化学生物学、天然产物药物研究等）合作的原创性成果。这些研究成果充分体现了学科交叉的优势，代表了相关研究的发展趋势。他们从分子机制、信号调控网络、共晶结构、小分子探针、药物靶点和疾病治疗等角度全面系统地阐明了Nur77作为临床重要的靶标，调控不同疾病的重要生物学功能，丰富和发展了孤儿核受体的理论知识，并且找到了能够降低血糖、抑制黑色素瘤生长和抗炎反应的小分子化合物，为治疗相关疾病提供了重要的先导化合物。该系列研究先后得到了多个国家自然科学基金重点项目和科技部“973”项目的长期支持。Sepsis, a hyperinflammatory response that can result in multiple organ dysfunctions, is a leading cause of mortality from infection. Here, we show that orphan nuclear receptor ​Nur77 (also known as ​TR3) can enhance resistance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB activity and suppressing aberrant cytokine production. ​Nur77 directly associates with ​p65 to block its binding to the κB element. However, this function of ​Nur77 is countered by the LPS-activated ​p38α phosphorylation of ​Nur77. Dampening the interaction between ​Nur77 and ​p38α would favor ​Nur77 suppression of the hyperinflammatory response. A compound, ​n-pentyl 2-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(1-nonanoyl) phenyl]acetate, screened from a ​Nur77-biased library, blocked the ​Nur77-​p38α interaction by targeting the ligand-binding domain of ​Nur77 and restored the suppression of the hyperinflammatory response through ​Nur77 inhibition of NF-κB. This study associates the nuclear receptor with immune homeostasis and implicates a new therapeutic strategy to treat hyperinflammatory responses by targeting a ​p38α substrate to modulate ​p38α-regulated functions.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Fund of China, the '973' Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (91413113, 2014CB910602, 31370724, 31221065) and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B12001). The crystallographic data collection at Beamline BL17U1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is gratefully acknowledged

管型结构对提升管流动特性的影响

采用边壁补气模拟重油催化裂化提升管反应装置中气体的膨胀行为，通过比较直管型提升管和锥型提升管中的气－固流动行为，研究了锥形提升管结构对油气膨胀所带来的流动特征变化的适应与改善，实验结果表明，相对于直管型提升管，锥型提升管对流化气量的变化有较好的适应能力，且能有效地改善床层的颗粒速度，空隙率的径向分布以及压力的轴向分布

管型结构对提升管流动特性的影响

采用边壁补气模拟重油催化裂化提升管反应装置中气体的膨胀行为,通过比较直管型提升管和锥型提升管中的气固流动行为,研究了锥形提升管结构对油气膨胀所带来的流动特征变化的适应与改善. 实验结果表明,相对于直管型提升管,锥型提升管对流化气量的变化有较好的适应能力,且能有效地改善床层内的颗粒速度、空隙率的径向分布以及压力的轴向分布

Purification,Crystallization and Crystallographic Analysis of the Pelota C-terminal Domain from Human

Pelota在进化上是非常保守的RNA结合蛋白,人源Pelota; mRNA分布于几乎所有的组织并作为一个多功能的蛋白参与多种生物途径.为解析人源Pelota C端结构域(C-terminal; domain,CTD)的晶体结构,首先在大肠杆菌(Escherichia; coli)中表达,并采用亲和层析、凝胶过滤柱层析的方法,获得了纯度大于97%的蛋白.动态光散射实验表明纯化的蛋白有较高的均一性.在筛选了1; 852个结晶条件后,优化的人源Pelota CTD蛋白晶体能衍射X射线至0.26; nm分辨率.蛋白晶体的空间群为${\rm{P}}{{\rm{6}}_{\rm{5}}}{\rm{22}}$,晶胞常数$a{\rm{ -; 7}}{\rm{.882nm,}}b{\rm{ = 7}}{\rm{.882nm,}}c{\rm{ =; 19}}{\rm{.746nm}}$.上述结果为进一步研究Pelota的功能及其与下游蛋白的相互作用奠定了结构基础.Pelota,an evolutionarily conservative RNA binding protein,is distributed; in almost all tissues and involved in a variety of cell biological; regulation as a multifunctional protein.In order to determine the; crystal structure of the human Pelota C domain (C-terminal; domain,CTD),we chose Escherichia coli to express the protien and; purified the protien by affinity chromatography,gel filtration; chromatography.Finally,the protein is over 97% in purity.Dynamic light; scattering experiments showed that the purified protein had high; homogeneity.After screening the 1 852 crystallization conditions,the; optimized crystal of the human Pelota C domain can be diffracted to 0.26; nm resolution.The space group of the crystal is; ${\rm{P}}{{\rm{6}}_{\rm{5}}}{\rm{22}}$,and the unit cell constant is; $a{\rm{ - 7}}{\rm{.882nm,}}b{\rm{ = 7}}{\rm{.882nm,}}c{\rm{ =; 19}}{\rm{.746nm}}$.We determine the crystal structure of human Pelota; CTD in this study,which lays a foundation for further study on the; function of Pelota protein and its interaction with the downstream; proteins.高等学校学科创新引智计划("111"计划

The Tombs of the Six-Dynasties Period at Dongfeng Village in Jian'ou City,Fujian

2010年,厦门大学历史系考古专业等对福建省建瓯市东峰村春坑口、牛头山、九郎柯等墓地进行发掘,清理西晋、南朝时期墓葬24座,墓葬有土坑墓和砖室墓,出土遗物有青瓷器、釉陶器、铁器、陶器、铜镜和滑石器。这些墓葬的发掘,为研究闽北地区古代历史、尤其是建溪流域六朝时期南迁福建的汉人移民史提供了重要的资料。In 2010,the Archaeology Specialty,Department of History,Xiamen University and Nanping Museum excavated 24 tombs of the Western Jin and the Southern Dynasties Period in Chunkengkou,Niutoushan and Jiulangke Cemeteries.The tombs of the Chunkengkou Cemetery were earthen pit tombs and brick-chamber tombs,the grave goods unearthed from which were celadon wares,iron objects,pottery wares and talc objects.The tombs of the Niutoushan Cemetery were all brick-chamber tombs,the grave goods unearthed from which were glazed pottery wares,celadon wares,iron objects,etc.The tombs of the Jiulangke were all brick-chamber tombs,the grave goods unearthed from which were celadon wares,bronze mirrors,iron swords,etc.The tombs of the Chunkengkou and Niutoushan Cemeteries were densely distributed and arranged in uniform orientations,and their dates were close,by which they are estimated to be the family cemeteries of the Six-Dynasties Period.The excavation of these tombs provided important materials for the researches on the ancient history of the northern Fujian,especially that of the southward immigration of the Han people into the Jianxi Brook valley in the Six-Dynasties Period

Applying Subproteomics Methodies to Study the Immunoresponse of Macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells to Nosogenetic EHEC O157:H7-EDL933 Bacterium

采用膜亚蛋白质组学方法研究小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞Raw 264.7对致病性大肠杆菌O157的免疫应答反应,筛选并鉴定到24个差异表达的膜蛋白质.这些膜蛋白质与细胞免疫、细胞周期、细胞发育、细胞骨架、细胞生长等有关.在蛋白质水平上对巨噬细胞与大肠杆菌间的相互作用关系进行了一些探索性研究,为进一步揭示机体对病原反应的作用机制提供理论基础.Subproteomics approach is applied to investigate the change of membranous proteins expression of Raw 264.7 macrophage immunoresponse to the nosogenetic EHEC O157:H7-EDL933 bacterium.Cells death and growth are observed after incubating with E.coli for 6 h in this study,and 24 differential expression membranous proteins are idendified with proteomics approach,which involved in cellular immunity,cell cycle,cellular development,cytoskeleton and cell growth.Seven are involved in interaction between cells and bacterium,the other twelve are involved in various process,which strongly suggests the molecular mechanism of immunoresponse between cell and bacterium.Our results on interaction between cells and bacterium proviee the theoretical evidence for elucidating the mechanism of response of organism to pathogen.国家自然科学基金(30080029)资