人口老龄化对我国产业结构调整与优化的影响

人口老龄化是经济社会发展不可逆转的大趋势 ,正对我国产业结构的调整与优化产生深刻的影响。它推动第三产业发展 ,促使劳动力的产业转移 ,直接促进产业结构调整与优化第一个任务的完成 ,但不利于其第二个任务的完成。促进产业结构调整与优化两个基本任务顺利完成 ,需要消除人口分布不合理和劳动力素质不高的双重制

Study on the trend of mortality and years of life lost related to lung cancer in Xiamen in ten years

目的掌握厦门市居民2004-2013年肺癌死亡趋势及寿命损失情况,为政府部门制定干预政策提供参考依据。方法从厦门市死因监测系统收集整理2004年1月1日-2013年12月31日厦门市居民肺癌死亡资料进行统计分析。结果2004-2013年间厦门市居民肺癌死亡率逐年增加(P<0.05),总死亡率27.32/10万;男性死亡率是女性的2.90倍;65岁开始死亡率急剧增高,在75~79岁年龄组达到高峰;2013年死亡率比2004年增长35.32%。10年肺癌造成的寿命损失年(PYLL)共52 970人年,寿命损失率(PYLLR)为3.06‰,平均减寿年数(APLL)为11.20年;男性PYLL值为38 605人年,比女性多24 240人年,但APLL男性比女性约少1年,分别为10.95年和11.91年。结论厦门市居民肺癌死亡率呈不断上升趋势,主要危及中老年人群,男性死亡率始终高于女性,应采取必要的干预措施。Objective To learn the trend of mortality and years of life lost related to lung cancer in Xiamen from 2004 to 2013 and to provide the basis for the government setting up intervention policies. Methods The death data related to lung cancer of residents in Xiamen from Jan 1,2004 to Dec 31,2013 were collected from "Xiamen Municipal Death Surveillance System" to be and they were counted and analyzed. Results The total mortality of lung cancer in Xiamen from 2004 to 2013 was 27.32 per 100,000,of which male was 2.90 times as female. The mortality rose sharply after 65 years old and peaked in the group of 75~79 years old.Over the last ten years,the total mortality rate of lung cancer in Xiamen rose year by year(P<0.05),increasing about 35.32% in 2013 than that in 2004. The potential years of life lost(PYLL),the rate of PYLL,and the average years of life lost(AYLL)due to lung cancer in Xiamen during the last ten years were 52 970 per person per year,3.06‰,and 11.20 years,respectively. The value of PYLL in male was 38 605 per person per year,24 240 per person per year more than that in female. However,the APLL in male was one year less than that in female,which were 10.95 years and 11.91 years,respectively. Conclusion The mortality of lung cancer in residents of Xiamen has increasing trend in the last ten years. It is more harm for group with middle and elderly age. The mortality in male is always higher than that in female. So it's necessary to adopt some effective intervening measures.福建省卫生厅青年课题项目(项目编号:2014-2-78

TGF-β1 induces activation of HSC-T6 cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rats

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）在大鼠肝星状细胞系（HSC-T6）活化及上皮间质转换（EMT）中的作用。方法体外培养HSC-T6，用MTT法筛选TGF-β1对HSC-T6作用的最佳浓度；用10μg／L TGF-β1处理HSC-T624h，相差倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态改变，免疫荧光染色法检测细胞骨架结构F-actin蛋白的表达，RT-qPCR法检测肌动蛋白α-SMA及代表上皮间质转换的神经黏附素（N-cadherin）、波形蛋白（vimentin）和上皮黏附素（E-cadherin）基因表达；用不同浓度（0、5和10μg/L）的TGF-β1处理HSC-T624h，Western blot检测α-SMA、N-cadherin、vimentin和E-cadherin蛋白表达。结果10μg/L TGF-β1干预HSC-T624h有最好的细胞存活率；TGF-β1刺激HSC-T6后，细胞拉伸，伪足增多呈星形，细胞间连接疏松，呈显著活化状态；F-actin聚集形成应力纤维丝，沿细胞长轴分布；实验组α-SMA mRNA及vimentin mRNA的表达量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），而E-cadherin mRNA的表达量明显降低（P〈0．05）；在不同浓度的TGF-β1呈剂量依赖性致α-SMA及N-cadherin和vimentin的蛋白表达量增多，而E-cadherin的蛋白表达量减少。结论TGF-β1可诱导HSC-T6活化及上皮间质转换。Objective To observe the effect of TGF-β1 on activation and epithelial mesenchymal transition （EMT） in rat hepatic stellate cell-T6. Methods Adopt the MTT method to screen the optimum concentration of TGF-β1 in vitro HSC-T6 cultured. After the HSC-T6 stimulation by TGF-β1 of 10 μg/L for 24 hours, the morphology of the cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, the expression of F-actin which on behalf of cotoskeletal structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining; the expression of α-SMA and N-cadherin, vimentin, E-eadherin was measured by RT-qPCR ; The changes of α-SMA, N-cadherin, vimentin and E-eadherin were assessed by Western blot after different concentrations （0,5 and 10 μg/L） of TGF-β1 interventing HSC-T6 for 24 h. Results The optimal cell survival rate was recorded when 10 μg/L TGF-β1 dealt with cells for 24 h. After HSC-T6 were treated with TGF-β1 ,cells stretched, pseudopodia increased and turn into stellate, ceils connections were looser, so that represented a significantly activated state. F-actin filaments gathered to form stress and distributed along the long axis of the cells ; The expression of α-SMA mRNA and vimentin mRNA in experimental group was significantly higher while E-cadherin mRNA was obviously lower than the control group （P〈 0. 05）. TGF-β1 made the protein expression of α-SMA and N-cadherin, vimentin in dose-dependent increased while E-cadherin was decreased.Conclusions TGF-β1 may induce activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HSC-T6.福建省科技计划（2015Y01010224）;福州市科技计划（2014-S-137-1

Analysis on lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in urban and rural residents of Xiamen city

目的了解厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡和减寿趋势变化,为厦门市肺癌预防控制工作提供依据。方法通过厦门市死因监测系统收集2003-2014年厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡资料,采用SAS 9.1软件对死亡率、标化死亡率(SMR)、潜在寿命损失年(PYLL)、寿命损失率(PYLLR),标化寿命损失率(SPYLLR)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、死亡率年均变化百分比等指标进行评价。结果 2003-2014年厦门市城市、农村居民肺癌死亡率分别为29.64/10万和25.40/10万,年均分别上升5.63%和4.98%;标化死亡率分别为32.78/10万和27.13/10万;无论城市、农村,肺癌标化死亡率男性均明显高于女性;死亡率均随着年龄的增长而升高,在70~79岁年龄组达到高峰。城市居民肺癌所致PYLL、PYLLR、SPYLLR、AYLL分别为27 944人年、2.11‰、2.41‰和7.12年,而农村分别为17 807人年、2.47‰、2.69‰和9.74年。结论厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡呈上升趋势和老龄化趋势,应以男性、老年人群作为重点关注对象,重视肺癌防治工作。Objective To explore the trend of lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in urban and rural residents of Xiamen,and to provide the basis data for preventing lung cancer in Xiamen. Methods The lung cancer mortality data of urban and rural residents in Xiamen during 2003 to 2014 were collected. The SAS 9.1 software was used to assess the mortalities, the standard mortality rates(SMR), the potential years of life lost(PYLL), the rates of potential years of life lost(PYLLR), the standard rate of potential years of life lost(SPYLLR) the average potential life lost(AYLL) and the average percentage change(APC) of mortalities.Results During 2003 to 2014, the average lung cancer mortalities of urban and rural residents in Xiamen were 29.64/100 000 and25.40/100 000, respectively; the APCs were 5.63% and 4.98%, respectively; the SMRs were 32.78/100 000 and 27.13/100 000 persons, respectively; the lung cancer mortality in males was significantly higher than that in females, and the mortalities increased with age; the lung cancer mortality in 70-79 years old group was the highest. The PYLL, PYLLR, SPYLLR, and AYLL due to lung cancer in urban residents were 27 944 person years, 2.11‰, 2.41‰ and 7.12 years, respectively; and the PYLL, PYLLR, SPYLLR,and AYLL due to lung cancer in rural residents were 17 807 person years, 2.47‰, 2.69‰, and 9.74 years, respectively.Conclusion The lung cancer mortalities in urban and rural residents of Xiamen city had the increasing and aging trend. More attention should be paid to males and elders for preventing and treating of lung cancer.福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(2014-2-78

Research on Energy Saving of Air-condition Control System

以自适应预测算法和BP人工神经网络算法为基础,对中央空调控制系统的控制算法作出改进,以提高节能效率。并在Atmel9200芯片上加以实现和优化。实验结果表明,新的控制系统能较好地实现控制的功能和节能目的

Prediction of Mortality and Years of Life Lost due to Liver Cancer in Residents in Xiamen

目的探讨厦门市居民肝癌死亡的变化趋势,为厦门市肝癌综合防治工作提供依据。方法收集整理2004-2013年厦门市居民肝癌死亡资料计算死亡率、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、死亡率年均变化百分比等评价指标,用GM(1,1)模型对死亡率和AYLL进行预测。结果 2004-2013年,厦门市居民因肝癌死亡率31.95/10万,年均下降2.0%,男性死亡率是女性的3.81倍;AYLL为16.74年,存在下降趋势。GM(1,1)模型预测值与实际值平均相对误差2.27%~3.71%,预测2014-2018年肝癌死亡率和AYLL值均有所下降。结论 GM(1,1)模型可用于厦门市居民肝癌死亡率和减寿趋势预测,未来肝癌死亡虽有下降趋势,但仍呈高位态势,仍要重视肝癌的预防控制工作。Objective To explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to liver cancer in residents in Xiamen,so as to provide the basis data on preventing liver cancer in Xiamen. Methods The data of residents in Xiamen dying of liver cancer from 2004 to 2013 was collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate, the average potential life lost( AYLL), and the average percentage change( APC) of mortality rate. GM( 1,1) model was used to predict the future mortality and AYLL. Results From 2004 to 2013, the average mortality rate of liver cancer in residents in Xiamen was 31. 95 per 100000 persons.,of which in male was 3. 81 times as that in female. The APC was 2. 0%. The AYLL,which was16. 74 years,had decline trend from 2004 to 2013. The mean absolute percentage errors between observed values and fitted values were 2. 27%- 3. 71%. The mortality rate and AYLL of liver cancer in residents in Xiamen would decrease from 2014 to 2018.Conclusion GM( 1,1) model could be used to forecast the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to liver cancer in residents in Xiamen. Though there is descending trend of mortality and years of life lost in future, the value of mortality is still high.So we still have to pay more attentions on preventing and curing of liver cancer

低浓度甲醇完全氧化钙钛矿型La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3催化剂研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３，研究其对低浓度甲醇完全氧化催化性能．实验结果表明：Ｓｒ２＋取代量和样品焙烧温度对催化剂活性均有显著影响，以８７３Ｋ焙烧的Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３的催化活性为佳；催化剂的ＢＥＴ，ＸＰＳ，Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ，Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ表征研究结果证实，较大的比表面，较高的表面Ｍｎ浓度和氧吸附量都有利于催化剂活性的提高

旋光度法测定蔗糖转化反应速率常数实验用旋光管的改进

用旋光度法测定蔗糖转化反应速率常数是最基本的物理化学实验之一。该实验中的旋光管操作比较麻烦,且易引入实验误差。本文对该实验使用的旋光管进行了改进

STUDY ON EXPERIMENTS FOR SUPPRESSING WINGTIP VORTICES WITH PLASMA

该文对利用dbd等离子体注入能量抑制翼尖涡进行了风洞试验研究。通过采用PIV粒子成像测速技术测量了三种不同结构的等离子体激励器影响下的后掠翼下游的尾涡流场,并结合矩形机翼在等离子作用前后的气动力变化,来判断等离子体抑制翼尖涡的效果。试验结果表明:在机翼翼梢的上下表面处布置等离子体激励器,通过等离子体产生的定向诱导气流形成诱导涡对流场注入能量,可以有效地延缓翼梢上翼面流动分离,抑制翼尖涡,增加升力,提高升阻比。在翼尖处流动分离较小时,等离子体抑制翼尖涡强度的效果明显;在大攻角下仍具有一定的作用;其效果与等离子体发生器的结构有关。因此,通过优化等离子体激励器结构,选择合适的等离子体激励器在翼梢表面的安放位置,可以更好地提高抑制翼尖涡的效果。The wind tunnel experiment on suppressing wingtip vortices(WTV) through adding energy with DBD plasma has been conducted in the paper.The WTV flow field of a swept wing has been visualized by PIV and the aerodynamic forces of a rectangular wing have been measured,in the condition of using three different kinds of plasma actuators respectively.The results show that the WTV may be suppressed and the separation on the upper wingtip surface may be delayed because the energy of the vortex induced by the plasma(VIP) is added into the flow field,which increases the lift and the ratio of lift to drag at a small angle of attack(AOA) effectively.Even at large AOA,the effect of plasma still appears.The effects are related to the structures of the plasma actuators.It can be obtain better results to suppress the WTV through optimizing the design of the plasma actuators and choosing the appropriate placement to install the actuators on wingtip surface.福建省自然科学基金项目(A1010014

Improvement on Liquid Saturated Vapor Pressure Measurement

针对目前静态法测定液体饱和蒸汽压实验中饱和蒸汽压数值读取不合理,汽液两相未充分平衡等问题,改变传统的调整u型管两端液面等高后再读取数字压力计的方法。改进后的实验装置只需在u型管的两侧标上刻度,待系统恒温、汽-液充分平衡后,读取数字压力计的数值、温度以及u型管两端液面的高度差就可得到该温度下的液体饱和蒸汽压。该方法可解决静态法测定液体饱和蒸汽压实验中调整u型管两端液面等高耗时,空气容易倒灌的问题。This paper presented a method to improve the unreasonable design of liquid saturated vapor pressure measurement obtained by static method.The improvement changed the traditional method for measuring the liquid saturated vapor pressure which cannot get the pressure data until both sides of the U-type tube reach the same heigh of liquid level.After marking graduated lines on the two sides of the U-type tube,the liquid saturated vapor pressure can be easily obtained from digital pressure gauge,after the temperature becomes constant and the difference in the height of liquid level is balanced.The time-consuming problem of adjustment of liquid level height on both sides of the U-type tube and the problem of air flow backward could be solved perfectly.It is very helpful to enhance student's understanding of the concept of vapor-liquid equilibrium.国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1030415