福建水库空间分布特征:沿海密度高水量少、内陆密度低水量多

水库是福建重要的水资源.通过2013-2015年遥感影像结合Google Earth和天地图提取福建水库3353座,分布在81个县区,总面积647.51 km2,约占全省土地面积的0.5%;其中面积≤1 km2水库3248座,总面积197.16 km2,面积>1 km2水库105座,总面积450.35 km2.基于经验公式估算总蓄水量188.18亿m3,其中小型水库3078座(91.80%),蓄水总量37.06亿m3(19.69%),大中型水库275座(8.20%),蓄水总量151.12亿m3(80.31%).从空间分布格局来看,福建水库水资源空间分布不均,沿海六市水库密度大于三个内陆市,大中型水库主要分布于福建西北部,蓄水量呈现西北多、东南少的特点.单位陆地面积水库数量沿海城市县区均多于内陆,而单位人口水库数量则相反;单位面积水库蓄水量沿海与内陆差异不大,而人均蓄水量则沿海大部分县区远小于内陆.仅以水库作为供水水源,不能满足沿海地区用水,但内陆地区供水充足.水库蓄水对河流水体的平均滞留时间为0.053~0.341 a,除晋江流域受水库蓄水强烈影响外,其他流域受水库中等程度影响.国家自然科学基金项目(31370471);;福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2012J06009)联合资

Necessity of nursing staff to carry out first aid skill training

目的探讨护理人员开展急救技能培训的必要性。方法选取本院60名护理人员为研究对象,对所选护理人员开展急救技能培训,急救技能培训分2个阶段进行,首先将所选60名护理人员随机分为对照组(30例)和研究组(30例),所有护理人员均接受第1阶段培训,再给予研究组第2阶段培训,培训后进行考核,比较2组护理人员考核状况。结果 2组护理人员接受培训后考核成绩,从口述、实践、理论3个方面来看,研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对护理人员开展急救技能培训存在一定必要性,可使护理人员急救能力得到提高,提高患者生命安全的保障度,值得临床推广。Objective To explore the necessity of nursing staff to carry out first aid skill training. Methods In our hospital, 60 cases of nursing staff were selected as the research objects, and in the first stage, they all received the basic emergency skill training. Then they were randomly divided into a control group(30 cases) and study group(30 cases),and the latter received the further training in the second stage. After that, the effects were evaluated and the results were compared between the two groups. Results The achievements of oral, practice and theory in the study group were better than those in the control group, and there was a significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion It is necessary for nursing staff to carry out emergency skill training, which can improve the ability of emergency care, improve the safety of patients' lives, and it is worth popularizing

Analysis on Online Dispute Resolution and Its Development in China

内容摘要 电子商务的应用给全球经贸注入了新的活力。频繁的跨国界、跨地区交易引起了大量跨国界、跨地区的民商事纠纷。而电子商务纠纷所具有的“无国界”等特性对传统的纠纷解决方式诉讼提出了严峻的挑战，当事人利用诉讼解决争议在管辖权、法律适用、判决承认和执行等诸多方面均遇到了难以克服的困难。在这种情况下,一种适应快捷高效的电子商务之需的替代性争端解决方式“在线纠纷解决机制”(OnlineDisputeResolution,简称ODR)应运而生。电子商务在中国正处于快速发展阶段，相应的在线纠纷也随之增多，如何及时解决这些纠纷以保障我国电子商务的健康快速发展，成为我国电子商务发展的当务之急。本文就OD...ABSTRACT The application of Electronic Commerce injects some new life into global economic and trade. Frequent transnational and trans-regional business activities arouse lots of equivalent civil and business disputes. Characteristics of E-commerce disputes, such as cross borders, challenge litigations--the traditional dispute resolution. Parties confront with insurmountable difficulties in ju...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1292006115064

Research on the Object of Land Appreciation Tax

随着社会经济的发展，我国房地产业蒸蒸日上，已成为国民经济的支柱产业之一。而房地产业的健康发展，离不开国家宏观政策的干预和规范，在诸多宏观调控手段中，税收是最普遍的手段之一。近年来，我国房地产快速发展，房地产业经营利润大大提高，为规范房地产增值收益分配，增加国家财政收入，1994年，土地增值税应运而生，这是我国第一次对土地增值收益课税。土地增值税以转让房地产取得的增值额为征税对象，征税面广，其有效征收有利于增强国家对房地产市场的调控力度，控制土地炒买炒卖行为，保障国家土地合法权益。2000年以来，我国房地产市场以前所未有的高速度发展，存在投资过热的现象，为防止房地产泡沫被吹大，我国开展了新一轮房...With the social and economic development China's booming real estate industry has become a pillar industry of national economy. Without the intervention of national macroeconomic policies and norms, the real estate won’t development healthy. Tax is one of the most common macro-control means. In recent years, with the rapid development of real estate, real estate’s operating profit improved greatly...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200712009

Application of yeasts in wastewater treatment

酵母菌既具有细菌单细胞、生长快、能形成很好的絮体、适应于各种不同的反应器等特点,又具有真菌细胞大、代谢旺盛,耐酸、耐高渗透压、耐高浓度的有机底物等特性,因而可用于多类难处理有机废水的处理,并且具有处理效率高、污泥负荷高、占地面积小、剩余污泥可回收用作饲料蛋白等特殊的优越性。酵母菌废水处理技术有望成为常规好氧和厌氧处理技术的重要补充而在工业废水治理中发挥重要作用。Yeast cells have both the virtues of bacteria (living in single cell, growing fast, forming good flocs and suitable for various bioreactors) and fungi (high tolerance to acids, high salt and high concentration of substrates). When used in wastewater treatment, the yeast technology permits a high COD load and a small bioreactor and could endure various bad wastewater environments such as acid, high osmotic pressures and so on. Its residual sludge normally contains high protein and can be used as good additives in animal food. So this technology is expected to be a promising supplement for traditional aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment techniques to solve some intractable problems in industrial pollution.国家自然科学基金资助项目(50278095

Study on the Effect of Hydrolytic Acidification on Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment with Activated Sludge Process

厦门市杏林污水处理厂采用以生化法为主体的工艺: 水解酸化(H) —厌氧—缺氧—好氧活性污泥法(简称AA/O法) 处理以工业废水为主的城市污水, 经过三年时间的生产实践, 结果表明: 处理的出水水质稳定, 处理效率高且有甚佳的除磷效果本研究承国家自然科学基金(批准号: 30070157) 资

数字微流控技术及其在生物分析中的应用

数字微流控技术是一种基于微电极阵列来实现离散液滴精确控制的新型液滴操纵技术。这种基于介电润湿现象实现的液滴电操纵体系,相比于传统微流控芯片具有自动化、可寻址、可动态配置、易集成等特点。该文介绍了数字微流控技术液滴驱动原理,总结了芯片的结构和常用的制作方法,举例阐述了现阶段该技术在生物分析化学领域的应用,并对其应用前景做了展望。国家自然科学基金资助项目(21735004,21435004,21775128,21705024,21521004);;长江学者和创新研究团队项目(IRT13036

新型电动推拿椅产品造型设计

设计一款新型电动推拿椅,主要包括支架设计:把手、行走系统、底座等零部件设计,以及机械推拿方式研究:推拿传动系统主要零部件设计等;并利用三维设计软件进行模拟装配,由此确定系统各零部件的结构尺寸和方案等,为有关企业生产提供参考

响应面优化浊点萃取联会 HILIC 测定大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药

【目的】基于浊点萃取技术（CPE）联合亲水作用色谱法（HILIC）同时测定大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药。【方法】以TritonX-114作为萃取介质，用响应面法进一步优化CPE相关参数，对萃取的样品，用HILIC法分别测定其含量。【结果】四种抗艾滋病药在5%（w/v）TritonX-114，0.3mol/L NaCl，pH为5.0，40℃水浴平衡20 min时，萃取率均达85.0%以上，与模型预测值接近；对于富集的样品，以Ze month-CN（250mm×4.6mm，5μm）为固定相，流动相为（甲醇∶乙腈∶醋酸铵缓冲液=5︰5︰90），柱温35℃，检测波长275nm，流速0.5mL/min分离时，四种分析物在0.01～10.0μg/mL，线性良好，加样回收率大于75.0%，RSD≤5.0%。【结论】建立的该方法，操作简单绿色，能对大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药较好的富集，可同时快速、准确测定其含量，为其临床血药浓度监测提供新的方法

Survey and Evaluation of Heavy Metals, Nitrate and Nitrite Contamination in Vegetables in Xiamen's Market

为了解厦门市蔬菜中有害重金属、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染情况,于2004年8月至2005年12月从厦门市各超市、农贸市场、蔬菜批发市场和蔬菜产地上采集46个品种532份蔬菜样品,用国标法(GB/T5009.11-17-1996、GB/T5009.33-2003)分别分析蔬菜中的重金属、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。结果表明,检测样品中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的平均值分别为0.0099、0.083、0.056、0.003、1090.3、0.59mg/kg;根据国家标准1-2,仅部分品种如菠菜、甘蓝、花菜、萝卜的铅超标,有潜在污染风险;大部分蔬菜中砷、汞、镉三种重金属的含量都较低,潜在的污染风险不大。硝酸盐污染程度严重的占36.5%;中、重度污染的占20.2%;轻度的占43.3%,硝酸盐含量依次为嫩茎叶菜类>根茎类>花菜类>瓜菜类>鲜豆菜>茄果类>水生蔬菜类,各样品间含量差别较大;而蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量相对较低。The contents of heavy metal (Pd, Cd, As, Hg), nitrate and nitrite in vegetables from the markets and plant fields were investigated in Xiamen. The vegetable samples supplied seasonally were collected during August 2004 and December 2005. 532 samples in 46 groups of vegetables were analyzed according to GB/T5009.11-17-1996 and GB/T 5009.33-2003 to evaluate the status of the contamination. The results showed that the average contents are 0.0099, 0.083, 0.056, 0.003, 1090.3, 0.59 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, As, Hg, NO3-, NO2-, respectively. According to national standards[1-2], the samples of standard exceeding lead contents were found only in some limited vegetables. The potential trend of lead pollution was little. The contents of arsenic, mercury and cadmium in the most samples were very low, the pollution hazards of these three heavy metals were not serious. The prevalence of severe nitrate contamination was 36.5% in samples analyzed, the prevalence of heavy and medium nitrate contamination was 20.2%, the prevalence of mild contamination was 43.3%. The content of nitrate in vegetables was ranked in the following descent order, tender stem and leaf vegetables>root and stem vegetables>inflorescent vegetables>melon vegetables>beans>eggplant and fruit vegetables>water plant vegetables. However the contents in diferent species differed greatly. The nitrite in vegetables was comparably low