Study on the marine algicidal bacteria and their algicidal substances

赤潮是一种严重的全球性海洋灾害，近年来赤潮发生次数增多，发生区域扩大，赤潮危害加剧。海洋细菌在赤潮生消过程中有着极其重要的作用，而近年来细菌杀藻现象的发现为微生物防治赤潮提供了可能途径，菌藻关系研究已经成为当前赤潮研究的重点和热点。 本论文研究了一株有毒甲藻——塔玛亚历山大藻（ATGD98-006）藻际细菌的群落组成；验证了FDA活性染色法应用于本研究中主要的实验藻种——塔玛亚历山大藻藻细胞活性检测的可行性，并用于后续的杀藻活性试验；从东海海域分离并筛选到多株能杀死塔玛亚历山大藻的海洋细菌，对其进行了生理生化及分子鉴定，研究了细菌的杀藻方式、杀藻谱，并选取杀藻效果较好的两株细菌从藻细胞生理生...The apparent increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) throughout the world has led to extensive researches to mitigate the blooms, as a result, some management strategies have been developed. Outbreak and termination of HABs in marine environment was affected by physical and chemical factors, and biological factors as well. Of the factors that regulate the red tide dynamics, algal-bact...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物化学与生物技术系_微生物学学号：2012005140313

Molecular Ecology Research Progress for Soil Denitrification and Research Status for Its Influencing Factors

反硝化作用是在微生物参与下的土壤氮循环中的一个重要过程,反硝化作用强弱直接影响着氮素的利用。反硝化微生物是一大生理类群,广泛分布于细菌、真菌和古菌中,经典的16S rrnA方法不适合反硝化细菌的生态学研究。利用功能基因,结合现代分子生物学技术,已成为反硝化研究的常用方法。主要介绍了变性梯度凝胶电泳、末端标记限制性片段长度多态性技术、实时荧光定量PCr、反转录PCr以及最近发展起来的高通量测序技术和功能单细胞分离技术在反硝化生态研究中的应用,并综述了土壤反硝化作用的研究进展及其影响因素,对反硝化未来的研究技术和方向进行了展望。Denitrification,a microbial redox process in which nitrogen oxides are reduced stepwise to gaseous products,is an important step in nitrogen cycling,especially in the soil environments.Denitrifying microbes possess a series of enzymes encoded by various functional denitrifying genes.The classic 16S rRNA molecular method is not suitable for the study of diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria,since denitrifying microorganisms are a large physiological group of microbes widely distributed in bacteria,fungi and archaea.It is easier to distinguish microbes with different ecological functions by investigating specific functional genes.The application of modern molecular techniques,including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),terminal restriction fragment length patterns(T-RFLP),real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR),and reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR)techniques,as well as the newly developed high-throughput sequencing technique and functional single-cel(lFSC)isolation method in denitrification ecological research are reviewed in this paper.Compared with the traditional methods,high-throughput sequencing technique could provide more reliable results to directly understand the denitrifying communities,and would contribute to the identification of new denitrification pathways when combined with FSC isolation method.The progress of molecular ecology research on soil denitrification mechanism and its influencing factors are also reviewed.In addition,the main influencing factors including temperature,pH,carbon and nitrogen sources and dissolved oxygen are discussed in relation to the denitrification activity.Finally,some new directions in the denitrification research are proposed in this paper.国家自然科学基金(31000254); 福建省自然科学基金(2012J05070); 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q02-04); 科技部国际科技合作专项(2011DFB91710

The importance and potential application of allelopathy in red-tide control

作者简介: 杨小茹(1980),女,博士研究生,E-mail :[email protected];通讯作者(责任作者),E-m ail [email protected][中文文摘]简要概述了化感作用的定义、化感物质的种类及其作用机理,描述了化感物质在赤潮控制中的作用;集中综述了水生植物、微藻和细菌所产生的化感物质对赤潮生物的抑制或杀灭作用.强调了化感作用在赤潮调控中具有重要的意义和广阔应用前景,对化感作用的深入研究将可能开发出新型的赤潮控制技术. [英文文摘]This paper summarizes the definition of allelopathy, including the categories, functions and mechanisms of allelochemicals in red tide succession, as well as the allelopathic growth inhibition of phytoplankton by different aquatic plants, microalgae and microbes. Considering that allelopathy is one of the mechanisms thought to control red tides, the authors emphasize that future research should mainly focus on the isolation and identification of new allelochemicals and the mechanisms of allelopathy. Intensive study of allelopathy should provide new red tide control methods.国家高技术研究发展计划项目(No2008AA09Z408);国家自然科学基金(No30370276);国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室开放基金(NoLMEB200601);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(No20050384002

Impact of simulated tide and vegetation on the wetland greenhouse gases fluxes

以福建省九龙江入海口的滩涂潮间带作为研究对象,通过原位采样和室内人工微宇宙实验,利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了潮汐植被对湿地CH4、CO2和n2O 3种重要温室气体通量的影响.结果表明,3种温室气体通量在模拟潮汐和植被作用下表现出明显的差异.模拟潮汐对CH4和n2O通量的影响没有明显的规律,总量上都表现为排放;对CO2通量具有显著影响,退潮时抑制,表现为吸收,涨潮时促进,表现为排放.植被促进CH4的排放,对CO2通量影响无明显规律,对n2O通量表现为抑制作用.植被除了自身对温室气体直接作用外,还通过改变沉积物的理化性质影响微生物活动,进而影响温室气体通量.综合分析,植被对温室气体通量的影响要比模拟潮汐作用明显.To evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the greenhouse gases( GHGs) fluxes,sediment samples from the Mangrove Nature Reserve of Jiulong River estuary were collected and homogenized evenly before microcosm experiments.Tide and vegetation types were simulated in the microcosm.A static chamber technique was used to measure the fluxes of three important greenhouse gases,i.e.CH4,CO2and N2O.Three vegetation types were simulated in the microcosm according to the plant coverage patterns in the estuary,i.e.unvegetated,Spartina alterniflora and native mangrove plant Kandelia obovata,while tide was simulated by using peristaltic pump controlled by a timing device.Results showed that the fluxes of three GHGs responded differently to simulated tide and vegetation.The simulated tide seemed to have no impact on the emission of CH4and N2O,and all the treatments showed positive values in total fluxes,indicating general possibility of release.CO2flux was inhibited during the falling tide and promoted during the rising tide,resulting in the negative and positive value during the falling and rising tide,respectively.Vegetation showed positive effect and negative effect on CH4and N2O emission,respectively,and no significant difference was observed on CO2flux between different vegetation types.Except for the direct effect on gas flux,plants also influenced the sediment microorganisms by altering the sediment physicochemical properties.Through comprehensive analysis,the impact of vegetation was more significant compared with the simulated tide.国家自然科学基金(No.31000254); 福建省自然科学基金(No.2012J05070); 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZCX2-YW-Q02-04); 科技部国际科技合作专项(No.2011DFB91710)~

多道ICP-AES与瞬时进样技术在线联用的信号采集和处理

报道了一种适用于多道ICP-AES和多种瞬时进样技术在线联用的信号采集、处理方法及相应软件.该方法适用范围较宽,已成功地用于4种不同联用技术的信号检测

MARINE VIRUSES—A NEW AND PROM ISING TOOL FOR RED-TIDE CONTROL

概述了海洋病毒尤其是藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,以及赤潮发生的新态势和目前赤潮防治方法的不足,评析了海洋病毒与赤潮生物的关系,介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,强调了海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用病毒防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,展望了以病毒调控赤潮的前景.国家自然科学基金(No. 30370276)和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2001CB409710)

一株高效抑藻放线菌的分离筛选及鉴定

从福建云霄国家红树林自然保护区滩涂沉积物样品中,共分离获得521株纯培养物.通过检测球形棕囊藻(Pha-eocystis globosa)荧光强度计算抑藻率,从521株菌中筛选到27株具有抑藻活性的菌株.在27株抑藻菌中,菌株O3-26对球形棕囊藻具有最高的抑藻率(高达96.71%).菌株O3-26的抑藻谱实验显示,该菌株抑藻活性表现出一定的种属特异性,对硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)2株测试藻株没有抑制作用,而对绿藻门(Chlorophyta)盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)和自养小球藻(Chlorella autotrophi-ca)2株藻株具有较强抑藻作用.扫描电镜观察显示,该菌株孢子丝直至螺旋状且孢子表面带刺.生理生化实验显示,该菌株在所得到的大多数培养基上生长良好,在营养琼脂培养基中可以产生水溶性色素;不能在棉子糖作为唯一碳源的培养基上生长.16SrRNA基因相似性分析表明,菌株O3-26属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces),并与灭癌素链霉菌(Streptomycesgancidicus)15412菌株具有最高的同源性(99%).生理生化实验表明,二者之间生理特征存在一定差异.综合形态特征、生理特征以及系统发育分析的结果,鉴定该菌株为灭癌素链霉菌

海洋病毒——一种新的、潜力巨大的赤潮防治工具

概述了海洋病毒尤其是藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,以及赤潮发生的新态势和目前赤潮防治方法的不足,评析了海洋病毒与赤潮生物的关系,介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,强调了海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用病毒防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,展望了以病毒调控赤潮的前景.参5

基于分子技术的1株产毒藻藻际细菌多样性分析

采用构建16SrDNA克隆文库的方法,对实验室保存的1株产毒塔玛亚历山大藻在不同时期的藻际细菌群落多样性进行了分析.限制性片段长度多态性(restrictionfragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻藻际微生物的16SrDNA克隆文库中的克隆子总共可分为34种基因型,选取各谱型的代表克隆子测定其16SrDNA片段核苷酸序列,将所获得的序列与GenBank数据库进行BLAST比对,结果表明所有基因型分属于2个细菌类群:变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).在延滞期的藻培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占36.4%,β-Proteobacteria占9.1%,γ-Proteobacteria占27.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占27.3%;在指数后期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占53.3%,β-Proteobacteria占13.3%,γ-Proteobacteria占6.7%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占26.7%;在稳定期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占47.8%,β-Proteobacteria占8.7%,γ-Proteobacteria占21.7%,δ-Proteobacteria占4.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占17.4%;其中有不少克隆子与已知序列同源性低于94%,表明塔玛亚历山大藻藻际环境中附着有新的未开发的微生物资源,这些细菌可能在微藻的生消过程中起着重要的调控作用,所以本研究结果在赤潮微生物调控中具有重要的理论意义和应用价值

Determination of Trace Metal Elements in Crude Oils by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Assisted with Organic Solvent

李景喜( 1980 － ) ，男，山东临沂市人，研究实习员，从事分析化学研究。E-mail: jxli@fio．org． cn。[中文摘要]建立了二氯甲烷溶剂辅助微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定原油中V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Co、Pb等16种微量金属元素。研究表明,用CH2Cl2分散原油样品,以浓HNO3-H2O2为消解体系,采用CEM微波消解系统消解样品,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9995;检出限可达ng/L;方法精密度较高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)<5.0%;回收率为92%～110%。以w(Ni)/w(V)与w(Fe)/w(V)比值为变量参数对不同原油样品进行聚类分析,表明国内与国外不同地区原油样品中各金属元素含量差异较大。[英文文摘]A method for determination of V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo Co,Pb,etc in different crude oils was established by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assisted with organic solvent microwave digestion.The oil sample was digested by microwave using HNO3-H2O2 as oxidant after dispersing in organic solvent(CH2Cl2).The results showed that the detection limits of the method reached ng/L level for sixteen elements.The linear correlation of the method was preferable with the correlation coefficient of better than 0.9995． The recoveries of the method were in the range of 92% ～ 110% with the precision of less than 5.0% RSD (n=3)．The ratios of w(Ni)/w(V) and w(Fe)/w(V) were distinct in different crude oil samples from oversea and domestic，and the index can be used to the cluster analysis for differencing the crude oil samples．国家海洋局第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助(2010G23);海洋公益性行业科研专项资助(200705011);海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室开放基金资助(200920