不产子实体蛹虫草单孢子分离株的获得及RAPD分析

对优势蛹虫草原始菌株WWM04进行单孢子分离,共获得9个单孢子分离株,采用米饭培养基培养确证并且获得6个完全不产子实体的单孢子分离株。利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对菌落差异的4个菌落特征典型的不产子实体单孢子分离株(SSP2、SSP7、SSP19和SSP21)、原始菌株以及由原始菌株12次转接后退化的菌株进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,引物S37、S61对6个菌株的扩增谱带具有非常明显的特异性,该结果为蛹虫草退化分子标记奠定基础,并且在一定程度上也印证了蛹虫草异核现象和准性生殖理论

长汀县赢坪史前遗址发掘简报

2012年福建博物院对赢坪两处遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘,获得了一批包括石器、陶器、铜器、石范等内涵丰富的文化遗物,这批遗物可进一步了解闽西地区的史前文化发展序列及文化面貌,并且对于多地区文化间的交流研究也有一定的作用

Ecophysiology of ourcus Liaotungensis Koidz Forest Succession

通过野外测定和控制实验结果发现： 在成林内林窗能促进发芽率、幼苗存活率和光合作用等。高光下,会发生多次生长。幼苗干物质积累与光照明显正相关。生长速度与存活无相关，但对第二年存活有影响。基径可作为光反应的无损伤测定指标。直射光和散射光对幼苗生长影响不同。 适当厚度的枯落物覆盖促进种子发芽和补充更新,埋藏太深则对辽东栎幼苗的生长、生理和存活等有抑制。灌木和树木的冠层对辽东栎在灌丛中的建立。 模拟实验表明完全去叶可导致16.7%的幼苗死亡，完全去除子叶可导致50%幼苗死亡，都严重影响幼苗的生理过程和干物质积累。土壤养分和干旱对辽东栎幼苗生长和光合也有很大影响。 运用通径分析精确测定,结果发现辽东栎冠层不同位置的叶片气体交换的限制因子有很大的差别。上层叶主要是气孔导度影响,叶温是通过饱和蒸汽压（VPD）有间接负作用。冠层下方光照的不足的限制,叶温有促进光合作用。不同部位叶片光合作用对气孔导度的依赖程度不同。 在辽东栎林演替过程中，生理生态变化趋势明显。根据所测的20多个生理指标,可将主要物种划分成不同的功能群。早期种具有较高的光合速率,气孔导度, 蒸腾速率和抗旱性, 而辽东栎和棘皮桦单独为一类

湖泊和地下水中异养细菌群落结构和生理特征的比较研究

对武汉东湖三个定点观测站和潜江市一深水机井中异养细菌群落的种群组成、对不同基质的反应、菌株和群落的生理特征和活力水平等方面比较研究结果表明:环境差异较小的东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站异养细菌群落间的差异亦较小,具有类似的结构特征和生理活力水平,对特定基质表现了相似的作用模式;地下水中的异养细菌群落在上述几方面均显示了明显的差别。此外,在异养细菌群落结构和功能研究方法上亦是有益的探讨

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对东湖异养细菌群落结构采用系统分类和微机聚类分析方法作了比较研究。169株由东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站水体中分离的异养细菌分别隶属于30个细菌属。其中以芽孢杆菌属居于明显优势,其次是微球菌属。在不同水域或水层,细菌的分布表现有一定的差别,但各站间多样性指数值没有明显的差异。基于113项生物学特性检测结果,采用lBM PC/XT微机聚类分析后计算各站细菌的多样性指数发现:Ⅰ站明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ两站,43项检测系统所得结果与此表现了一致的趋势。这与东湖各站水环境的理化分析参数是比较吻合的。作者对以上结果作了讨论

SOME CATALYTIC REACTIONS ON AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND UTILIZATION of REACTION ENERGY

本文给出了十余种空气污染治理所涉及的催化化学反应，并对这些反应的研究现状作了评述。About FiFteen Chemical reactions on air pollution control are put Foward in this paper and the catalysts For these reactions are investigated too

Breaking the stranglehold of striga

Dipping maize seeds in a very small amount of herbicide blocks the ability of Striga hermonthica to parasitize and kill crops. Experiments over the past two years m Kenya have shown that dipping seeds in the herbicide imazapyr can triple the yield of maize. The results of the trial were announced earlier in the year at the Sixth Parasitic Weed Symposium in Cordoba, Spain. The technique has been developed by researchers at the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) at Kisumu, Kenya, together with plant geneticists from the Weizman Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Currently, the technique is based on using a herbicide-resistant strain of maize developed by an American seed company, Pioneer International. Pioneers strain of maize can withstand herbicides which block the action of an enzyme called ace to lactate synthase . Without this enzyme, striga is unable to make vital amino acids, and dies. Trials showed that, on average, a plot of treated seed yielded almost 3.5 times as much maize per plot compared to plots of untreated seeds which had five times as much striga growing in them as the treated plots. As the dipped seeds grow, the herbicide diffuses into the growing tissue and surrounding soil, killing the striga before it can get a hold. By the time the maize is harvested the herbicide in the soil has broken down. The use of this seed-dipping technique cuts out the need for potentially harmful spraying and eliminates the buildup of residues in the soil. Additionally, the cost of using such small quantities of herbicide is so little that even the poorest subsistence farmer could afford the technology. Just 15 grams of herbicide costing $5 is enough to treat one hectare, and could bring a farmer an extra$100 of income per hectare in improved yields. At present this Pioneer strain of maize, which was developed for use in the US, is susceptible to African fungi and viruses. The KARI researchers are now crossing the Pioneer strain with African varieties to produce a herbicide-resistant maize that is suited to local conditions. George Odhiambo and Gordon Abayo Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute Kisumu, KENYADipping maize seeds in a very small amount of herbicide blocks the ability of Striga hermonthica to parasitize and kill crops. Experiments over the past two years m Kenya have shown that dipping seeds in the herbicide imazapyr can triple the yield..

溪流大型底栖动物栖息地适合度模型的构建与河道内环境流量研究——以三峡库区香溪河为例

基于对香溪河河流生态系统的多年研究，以该流域河流大型底栖动物最优势类群四节蜉为指示生物，建立了我国大陆地区第一个基于长期的连续的野外现场实测数据的水生生物栖息地适合度模型（habitat suitability model，HSM）．为保护河流生态系统结构和功能的完整性，文中将河道内环境流量分为3个层次，即河道内最小需水量、最小环境流量和适宜环境流量，并利用水文法和加权可利用面积法（weighted usable area，WUA）分别构建了这3个层次的河道内环境流量的计算模型．结果表明：香溪河的最小需水量为Tennant法中描述为差或最小状态的流量（即0．615m^3·s^-1），为保护河流生态系统健康、维系河道景观多样性，应将多年平均流量的42．91％（即2．639m^3·s^-1）作为研究地点的适宜环境流量．综合考虑水文和生物因素，从3个层次确定了河道内环境流量，可以为香溪河水资源的合理配置和综合管理提供技术支持，同时为较准确地计算河道内最小环境流量提供探索性研究