THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DISMISSAL RIGHT LIMITS IN THE "LABOR CONTRACT LAW"

《劳动合同法》的颁布和实施引起了诸多争议，最主要的是针对其“无固定期限合同”等限制解雇条款。本文通过横向、纵向的比较以及建模分析，试图从经济学的角度，对新法的解雇限制的相关规定进行全面系统的分析。 本文主体分为四个部分： 第三章通过分析原《劳动法》的相关缺陷和我国就业现状，总结新法在雇用保护问题上规则的相应改变及其产生的效果，认为新法可以更好地解决目前雇佣关系不稳定、劳动合同短期化的问题。 第四章，着眼于分析国际上的其他几个主要国家在解雇限制三项指标上的异同，并对比我国规则现状，得出我国解雇限制强度并不超前、相对宽松的结论。 第五章通过建模进行经济学分析，得出：在信息完全的情况下，解雇...The issue and implementation of the Labor Contract Law has caused lots of disputes， which mainly focus on the dismissal limit terms such like the no-fixed-term contract. This article manages to analyze the dismissal limit terms systematically and roundly by horizontal comparison and modeling. The main part of this paper consists of four chapters: Chapter Three provides an analysis about th...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院财政系_法律经济学学号：1552006115087

文化自信视角下大学生国家认同观教育

国家认同观体现了一个国家的公民对本国和本民族政治、经济、文化等构成要素的认同和接受。当前,受到历史虚无主义思潮和西方和平演变战略等影响,大学生的国家认同观直接或间接地受到不同程度的负面影响。国家认同观对国家、社会、个人层面都有着重要的现实意义。文化自信和国家认同观又有着不可分割的密切联系,二者相互促进、相辅相成。因此,可以增强文化自信为突破口,提升大学生的国家认同观教育。福建省社科规划社科研究基地重大项目（2016JDZ015

评估——“柠檬市场”的一剂解药

"柠檬市场"的产生在于市场的信息不对称。而资产评估就是尽可能收集市场信息,对标的物进行现值估算,得出最接近于真实价值的建议价格,平衡交易双方间的信息不对称,以维护各方合理权

An MC-CDMA underwater acoustic communication system with differential modulation

0引言正交频分复用(OfdM)技术在高速水声通信系统中的应用已得到广泛研究。OfdM采用并行多载波,子载波间频谱重叠实现高速传输,循环前缀的加入则可有效对抗ISI[1],然而水声信道中除了相位起伏和多普勒频移造成的解调困难,频率选择性深度幅度衰落往往造成子载波解码错误[2]

碳纳米管的Ames试验研究

目的应用Ames试验系统观察多壁碳纳米管的诱变活性。方法选用TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102标准测试菌株,采用标准平板掺入法检测多壁碳纳米管的诱变活性。加S9混合液作为体外代谢活化系统。结果多壁碳纳米管在S9活化和非活化两种测试条件下,1～500μg/皿浓度范围,诱发TA98、TA100两种测试菌株回变菌落数与阴性对照组相比无明显增加,在1～10μg/皿浓度范围,诱发TA97和TA102产生的回变菌落数与阴性对照相比无明显增加,在10～500μg/皿测试浓度范围,对TA97和TA102产生的回变菌落数与阴性对照相比均达到阴性对照两倍以上。结论多壁碳纳米管具有碱基置换及移码型的直接诱变特性和间接诱变特性

Preparation,identification and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor

目的制备重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rECOMbInAnT HuMAn bASIC fIbrOblAST grOWTH fACTOr,rHbfgf)单克隆抗体,鉴定其特性,建立双抗体夹心ElISA检测方法。方法以rHbfgf为免疫原,免疫bAlb/C小鼠,通过细胞融合技术建立能稳定分泌抗rHbfgf杂交瘤细胞株,制备抗rHbfgf单克隆抗体,采用Ig亚类ElISA试剂盒鉴定抗体亚类,间接ElISA法检测抗体效,WESTErn blOT鉴定抗体特异性。HrP标记MCAb并建立夹心ElISA检测方法。结果获得2株(分别命名2d3、5f7)可分泌特异性MCAb的强阳性细胞株,腹水抗体效价在10-5以上,Igg亚类均为Igg1,轻链为k链。WESTErn blOT证明2株MCAb特异性良好,双抗体夹心ElISA检测rHbfgf最低检测限达到2 ng/Ml。结论成功制备高效价的抗rHbfgf单克隆抗体,建立抗rHbfgf双抗体夹心ElISA定量检测方法。This study aimed to prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor,which will be used in the establishment of a sandwich ELISA method.Balb/c mice were immunized with rhbFGF,and then positive clones of McAbs were obtained after cell fusion and hybridoma selection.The ascites titers,the subclasses type,and the specificity of McAbs were tested by Ig subtype ELISA kit,indirect ELISA method and Western blot analysis,respectively.Moreover,optimization of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was studied.As results,two of positive hybridomas were screened out,named 2D3 and 5F7 whose ascites titers of McAbs were over 1:105.It proved that the Ig subtypes of 2D3 and 5F7 McAbs were IgG1,and the light chain was kappa.Western bolt identification suggested that either McAbs of 2D3 or 5F7 could react specifically with rhbFGF.The results indicated that two of high titer,specific McAbs against rhbFGF are achieved and can applied to the development of a quantitative double-antibody sandwich ELISA method to detect rhbFGF.温州医学院科研基金(项目5010

云南高原湖泊特有鱼类的生物学与遗传多样性研究

本实验以云南高原湖泊特有鱼类云南倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus yunnanensis)和抚仙金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)作为研究对象，研究了抚仙湖云南倒刺鲃和抚仙金线鲃的年龄、生长、繁殖特征；用PCR产物直接测序法测定了抚仙金线鲃三个群体共33个个体的线粒体D-loop区部分片段的序列，结合冯建国（2002）提供的滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)七个群体共175个个体的D-loop区部分序列进行分析，探讨了抚仙金线鲃的遗传多样性；根据七个云南高原湖泊近年渔获物的变化情况，探讨了云南土著鱼类的变化特征和濒危的原因。实验的结果和结论如下： 1.云南倒刺鲃的年龄可以通过鳞片、耳石、背鳍条上的年轮特征来鉴定。年轮每年形成一次，主要形成时间是10月至次年的3月份。2-3龄云南倒刺鲃在鳞片和背鳍条磨片上较规律地出现副轮的现象可能与其食性的转换有关。全长－体重关系为　W=9×10-6TL3.0424，其Von Bertalanffy 生长方程：Lt＝950.573[1-e-0.105(t+0.218)]，Ｗt＝10352.83[1-e-0.105(t+0.218)] 3.0424。与倒刺鲃属其他鱼类比较，云南倒刺鲃生长速度更为缓慢，反映了抚仙湖营养贫乏的环境条件特征。 2.抚仙金线鲃的年龄可通过鳞片、背鳍条上的年轮特征来鉴定，但6龄以上个体年龄不适合用鳞片来判断。年轮每年形成一次，主要形成时间是3-5月份。全长－体重关系： W=2×10-6TL3.3257。其Von Bertalanffy 生长方程：Lt＝352.383[1-e-0.094(t+0.886)]，Ｗt＝591.07[1-e-0.094(t+0.886)] 3.3257。 3.云南倒刺鲃的繁殖季节为每年的5-8月份，6-7月为繁殖盛期。性成熟群体的性体指数一年只有一个峰值，出现在5-7月。产卵类型为分批同步型。其卵巢一年成熟一次。绝对繁殖力1909-13834 粒，相对繁殖力为3-29粒/g。雄性初次性成熟全长238 mm，相应年龄为3龄，雌性初次性成熟全长317 mm，相应年龄为4 龄。 4.抚仙金线鲃的繁殖时间为11月至次年4月，12-2月为繁殖盛期。性成熟群体的性体指数一年只有一个峰值，出现在11-12月。产卵类型为一次产卵类型。其卵巢一年成熟一次。抚仙金线鲃的平均绝对繁殖力为3087，平均相对繁殖力为68粒/g。雄性初次性成熟全长103 mm，相应年龄为3龄，雌性初次性成熟全长126 mm，相应年龄为4 龄。 5.本实验D-loop区部分序列分析表明：抚仙金线鲃单倍型间的遗传距离为0.0022-0.0134，平均0.0073。滇池金线鲃单倍型间的遗传距离为0.0024-0.0425，平均0.0198。滇池金线鲃的遗传多样性高于抚仙金线鲃。AMOVA分析结果表明，遗传变异主要发生在地理区域之间,占86.98%,而区域内和种群内分别只有7.19%和5.83%。样本间的分子系统树中滇池金线鲃和抚仙金线鲃明显分为二支。滇池金线鲃群体和抚仙金线鲃群体的平均遗传距离为0.02806。滇池金线鲃中，富民群体遗传多样性最低，其次是海口群体、黑龙潭群体。表明富民群体做为独立的一支最早从系统树中分出，另一支则分化为海口群体和余下的五个群体，其中黑龙潭群体从其他四个群体分化出来，而最后分出的四个群体间分化不显著。抚仙金线鲃中，西龙潭群体做为独立的一支从系统树中分出，隔河和禄充群体分化不显著。根据分子钟理论，利用地史资料作为校正点，对D-loop区部分序列的遗传距离进行计算，滇池金线鲃和抚仙金线鲃的分化时间约在18 000-27 000年前。 6. 根据对七个云南高原湖泊渔获物的调查发现，湖泊鱼类的鱼类组成中外来鱼类不仅在种数上超过了土著鱼类，在种群数量上更是远远超过了土著鱼类。大部分土著鱼类处于濒危状况或已经灭绝。各湖特有种全部处于濒危状况或已经灭绝。各湖泊鱼类的均质化现象已经出现。云南高原湖泊濒危鱼类具有如下特征：①经济鱼类易濒危；②性成熟周期长、繁殖力低的种类易濒危；③湖泊特有鱼类比湖泊中其他土著鱼类更易濒危；④同种鱼类在浅水湖泊比在深水湖泊更易濒危；⑤特殊栖息地类型鱼类易濒危。在研究土著鱼类濒危的原因的时候不仅要考虑外来种，更要考虑人类干扰的影响

膜法制糖过程中的生物污染控制及清洗

糖是生活中必不可少的食品添加剂，其中大部分源于甘蔗制取。在国内外现行的制糖工艺中，甘蔗混合汁清净工段主要采用碳酸法或亚硫酸法，需要添加大量化学物质，且存在产品质量不稳定、污染环境、影响食品安全等问题。近年来兴起的膜法制糖技术利用纯物理分离去除甘蔗混合汁中的杂质，绿色高效，保证了食品安全。但在砍伐甘蔗过程中，断裂处会滋生肠膜明串珠菌，这类细菌以蔗糖为碳源，发酵产生无机酸以及具有高粘度的葡聚糖，在膜法制糖过程中导致严重的生物污染，给膜法制糖工艺的长期稳定运行带来了极大的阻碍。因此，为了保障该工艺长期稳定运行、保证糖品产量和质量，本文研究了肠膜明串珠菌的生长特性、脱色膜的微生物污染行为和机理，并提出了有效的控制和清洗方法。首先，在实验室观察了料液性质对肠膜明串珠菌生长的影响，发现在pH=5~6、培养温度为30 ℃、培养液初始蔗糖浓度为10 ％的条件下，肠膜明串珠菌生长最为迅速，胞外聚合物（EPS）葡聚糖的产量最大，同时细菌分泌乳酸、乙酸，导致培养环境pH值降低。然后，在中试现场实地考察了微生物污染的具体情况，发现膜分离系统运行5 h后，料液酸化严重。对此，采取了升高温度、改变工艺顺序和投加杀菌剂等控制手段，取得了初步成效，但仍无法彻底解决问题。 接着，利用不同生物酶（葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、溶菌酶等）针对性的对膜面污染物进行降解，以此研究纳滤膜在死端过滤过程中的生物污染机理，研究发现造成通量衰减的主要污染物是葡聚糖，此时使用碱性溶液和葡聚糖酶溶液清洗效果最佳，通量恢复率分别为95.7 ％和97.6 ％。通过多种表征实验，发现葡聚糖与其他污染物混合后，会构成更加致密的污染层，黏附于膜表面，造成难以清除的生物污染。最后，为了更接近实际生产过程，利用错流过滤装置，分别对过滤了细菌培养液和甘蔗汁（添加细菌）的原始膜、污染后的膜和清洗后的膜进行了研究。发现膜面或离心泵的剪切力会破坏细菌细胞，释放出蛋白质，与甘蔗汁中的色素一起吸附在膜上构成污染层。同时，致密的葡聚糖层可以覆盖/包裹其他污染物（例如蛋白质、色素、细胞碎片和细菌），将其粘附在膜上并保护其免受化学清洗。此时单独的碱性溶液或葡聚糖酶溶液清洗不再能够恢复膜通量，先使用葡聚糖酶清洗，降解掉覆盖/包裹其他污染物的葡聚糖，再使用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）碱性溶液清洗，清除其他污染物，能够有效清洗甘蔗汁纳滤脱色过程中的生物污染，膜通量恢复率可以达到98.9 ％。该研究不仅阐明了甘蔗汁纳滤脱色过程的污染机理，而且为在实际应用中控制生物污染提供了有效的策略。;Sugar is an essential food additive in our daily life, most of which is derived from sugarcane. Conventional sugar making process needs to add a large amount of chemicals, and this traditional refining method suffers from inferior and unstable product quality, serious environmental problems caused by solid waste, and potential risks in food safety. In recent years, a membrane-based sugar-making process has been developed which applies membranes to remove impurities from sugarcane juice via physical separation. However, during sugarcane cutting, L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum may grow on the fractured sugarcane surface. This kind of bacteria would enter into the membrane system, produce dextran and inorganic acid using sucrose as substrate. The bacteria, cell debris and metabolites result in serious biofouling in the membrane modules, which greatly hindered the long-term and stable operation of membrane sugar making process. Therefore, in order to ensure the long-term stable operation of this process and improve the yield and quality of sugar products, we herein investigated the growth of L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum, the fouling behaviours and biofouling mechanisms during decolorization of cane juice by nanofiltration membrane, and offered an effective cleaning strategy for biofouling control.First, the effect of feed properties on bacterial growth was observed in the laboratory. It was found that the bacterial growth in culture medium is the fastest under pH 5~6, temperature 30 &deg;C, and 10 % of the initial sucrose concentration. And more dextran is produced at faster bacterial growth. At the same time, lactic acid and acetic acid were released from bacteria fermentation, which led to the decrease of pH value in the culture solution. Then, the specific situation of membrane biofouling was investigated in the pilot-scale tests, and it was found that the juice acidification was serious after the membrane system was operated for 5 h, indicating that the biofouling would be more serious with filtration time. In this regard, we adopted some fouling control strategies, such as increasing temperature, changing process sequence and adding bactericide, and preliminary inhibitory effect on the bacteria have been emerged, but the biofouling problem cannot be solved completely.Then, enzymatic cleaning (dextranase, trypsin, lysozyme, etc.) was applied to target specific foulant for clarifying the fouling composition and structure in the process of dead-end nanofiltration. It was found that the main foulant causing permeate flux decline was dextran. At this time, alkaline and dextranase cleaning displayed a super high permeability recovery, 95.7 % and 97.6 % respectively. Various characterization methods showed that when the dextran was mixed with other foulants, much denser fouling layer was formed. They would adsorb on the membrane, leading to a recalcitrant fouling.Finally, in order to provide more reliable reference for the real applications, the pristine, fouled and cleaned membranes after filtering culture solution and real cane juice (with bacteria addition) respectively were evaluated using a cross-flow filtration device. In the cross-flow filtration, the bacterial cells would be broken by the shearing force on the membrane or in centrifugal pump, releasing proteins to construct fouling layer with pigments in cane juice. At the same time, the compact dextran layer would cover on the adsorption fouling layer and/or enwrap other foulants such as protein, pigments, cell debris and bacteria, adhering them on the membrane and protecting them from chemical cleaning. At this time, either dextranase or alkaline cleaning could not well recover the membrane permeability. Therefore, an enzymatic (i.e. dextranase) cleaning is required to degrade the dextran layer before an effective sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) alkaline cleaning for removing the other organic fouling. Only in this way can the biofouling be effectively cleaned, and the membrane permeability recovery can reach 98.8％. The outcome of this work not only elucidated the fouling mechanisms during decoloration of cane juice by nanofiltration membrane, but also offered an effective cleaning strategy for biofouling control in the practical application.&nbsp;</p

抚仙湖外来黄颡鱼种群的年龄和生长特征

黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrusfulvidraco)是近年被无意引入到抚仙湖的外来鱼类,自2002年以来在渔获物中已形成了较为稳定的产量。根据2002年9月至2005年5月采集的708尾标本对抚仙湖黄颡鱼种群的年龄和生长特征进行了研究。以脊椎骨作为年龄鉴定的材料,表明种群的年龄分别为雌性0+-5+龄6个龄组和雄性0+-7+龄8个龄组组成;拟合的VonBertalanffy生长参数为雄性L&infin;=294&middot;68mm,k=0&middot;2476/y,t0=-0&middot;0298y,W&infin;=209&middot;93g;雌性L&infin;=257&middot;13mm