Effects of Different Lights and GA on the Parasitism between Dodder and Its Hosts and Study of Its Proteome

菟丝子属(Cuscutaspp)隶属于旋花科(Convolvulaceae)，为寄生草本植物。成熟菟丝子的根、叶已退化，依靠茎缠绕寄主，然后，通过形成吸器与寄主的维管组织相连并从寄主体内获取养分。种子萌发后，菟丝子幼苗的生长主要依靠种子中储存的营养物质或进行有限的光合作用，但通常只能维持不超过3周的时间,因而，尽早发现寄主并与之建立寄生关系对其生存至关重要。在此过程中，缠绕发生和吸器形成分别作为与寄主连接和侵入寄主体内建立寄生关系的标志，成为当前寄生机制研究中的热点。 本研究首次采用具有特定波长的LED作为照射光源，通过光照生理实验，研究了不同光照条件下南方菟丝子幼苗的弯钩打开、缠绕发生及吸...Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a holoparasitic higher plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is comprised of twining stems without root and leaves. Although some species contain a small amount of chlorophyll, they have little or no photosynthetic activity of their own and are therefore depend on their hosts for survival by entwining the stem or leaves of the hosts and uniting their vascular system with ...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：B20042600

The Effects of Different Lights and Gibberellin on Establishment of Parasitism between Dodder and Its Hosts

首次使用lEd作为光源,研究不同光照条件及gA3对菟丝子(CuSCuTA SPP.)弯钩打开、缠绕发生与吸器形成的影响。结果表明,光照信号作为一个必要条件参与了菟丝子对寄主的识别及缠绕发生的调控,而化学信号可能起到一定的促进作用;gA3参与了对菟丝子缠绕发生的调控,但对弯钩打开没有明显的作用。除了典型的光敏色素作用外,还有另一类光反应(HEr)参与了上述过程,这类光反应可由879 nM远红光引发,证明菟丝子存在HEr,还有Pfr向Pr的暗转化过程,在缠绕发生过程中光敏色素和隐花色素发生相互作用。The effects of different light treatments and GA3 on hook opening,twining and parasitism of Cuscuta australis were studied using LED as light sources for the first time.The results showed that light was a necessary factor for dodders to parasitize the hosts successfully and chemical signals might facilitate host recognition and twining.GA3 involved in controlling twining response,but no distinct effect on hook opening.Furthermore,besides typical(phytochrome reaction,another photoreaction called HER was involved in these processes,which could be caused by 879 nm far red light.So it demonstrated directly that there was not only HER in dodders,but also dark conversion from Pfr to Pr,and there were mutual interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes in twining.教育部重点项目(101102)资

Studies on Rice Resistance-related Proteins in Response to Bacterial Leaf Streak,Xanthomonas Oryzae pv.Oryzicola

水稻细菌性条斑病由XAnTHOM OnAS OryzAEPV.OryzICOlA引起,是目前威胁亚洲稻区水稻生产的重要病害之一。以水稻品种9311为研究对象,通过差异蛋白质组学方法,研究了病菌侵染48 H后水稻叶片的差异表达蛋白质,通过分析比对、质谱分析以及数据库检索,从中选择了7个上调表达的鉴定蛋白,包括4个水稻lrk类基因,2个nbS-lrr类基因和1个Pr-10基因家族成员基因。并设计相应的PCr引物,从水稻CdnA中获得相关基因片段做探针进行nOrTHErn杂交分析,结果显示,上述基因在接种病原菌12 H或48 H后表达量增加,表明这些蛋白质参与了抗病反应。Rice bacterial leaf streak(BLS) caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xooc) is one of the major diseases in Asia.In this paper,the protein differently expressed after infected for 48 h by BLS was studied with rice 9311 as material through proteomic approach.Based on the result of protein blast,fingerprints and data search analysis,seven identified proteins up-regulated were selected including four LRK like genes,two NBS-LRR type genes and one PR-10 gene.Relevant primers were designed to amplify the genes from rice cDNA as probe for Northern blotting.The results showed that the mRNA levels of these genes increased significantly after infected by BLS for 12 h and 48 h,indicating these proteins have participated in disease resistance.国家863计划项目(2007AA10Z132);国家重大科技专项(2008ZX08001-001;2009ZX08009-045B);教育部重点项目(重点01102)资

Plant Regeneration in vitro of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.

选取萌发3～5d、长度3～5cm的中国菟丝子(Cuscuta chinensis Lam.)幼苗,将其分为上、中、下3部分并作为外植体进行离体培养与植株再生研究。结果表明,其上、中部片段更适宜愈伤组织诱导;诱导培养基以添加1mgL-1NAA和1mgL-1BA的MMS培养基效果最好,此培养基也可用于愈伤组织的继代培养,愈伤组织在上述培养基中已生长一年之久。分化培养基为添加1mgL-1BA的MMS培养基,平均每块愈伤组织可以产生2.8株植株。An efficient method of callus induction and plant regeneration of Cuscuta chinensis was established.The seedlings germinated for 3~5 d and about 3~5 cm length were selected as explants,and then divided into three parts,upper,middle and lower.Callus were inducted from upper or middle parts of seedlings on a modified Murashige and Skoog(MMS)medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 NAA and 1 mg L-1 BA.The calli have been subcultured on such medium for over a year.Shoot regeneration from callus was achieved on MMS medium containing 1 mg L-1 BA and could obtain 2.8 shoots per callus

结构匹配酞菁缔合物红区荧光探针在纳克级肝素测定中的应用

肝素是一种聚阴离子生物活性多糖,具有重要的临床价值,简便快速、特异性高的分析方法的研发一直受到重视。基于分子缔合作用原理,构建了酞菁离子缔合物荧光探针,并籍此建立了肝素高特异、高灵敏的荧光分析新方法,分析浓度可达纳克级。发射强红色荧光的四磺基铝酞菁（AlS4Pc）是一种带负电的金属酞菁荧光化合物,研究发现,母体结构相同、荷电相反的阳离子铜酞菁化合物阿利新蓝（Alcian blue 8 GX）对AlS4Pc具有高效荧光猝灭作用。由于二者均具有大平面的酞菁母体,但电性相反,分子结构有着高度的匹配性,易于通过静电作用、平面疏水作用等分子间力而形成强的缔合作用,生成近乎无荧光的缔合物。据此现象构建了AlS4Pc-Alcian blue 8 GX缔合物荧光探针。进一步的糖类物质考察、筛选实验显示,具有强负电性的阴离子生物多糖可以使AlS4Pc-Alcian blue 8 GX缔合体系的荧光发生不同程度的恢复,重新发出AlS4Pc的荧光,其中尤以肝素存在下的荧光恢复行为最为显著,且恢复程度与肝素的浓度呈正相关。这是因为肝素带有大量磺酸根阴离子,对AlS4Pc构成强的竞争结合（Alcian blue 8GX）的作用,导致AlS4Pc从缔合体系中游离出来,体系荧光得以恢复。基于这一发现,研究建立了一种高灵敏、高特异性测定肝素的荧光增强分析法。考察了体系的分子光谱（荧光光谱和吸收光谱）行为以探讨缔合物形成和反应体系荧光恢复的作用机理;对反应参数（包括pH、反应温度、反应时间、 AlS4Pc以及Alcian blue 8 GX的用量等）进行了优化;在最佳条件下,方法的线性回归方程y=1.08x+58.62,工作曲线线性区间为6.0～600.0 ng·mL-1,检测限为5.7 ng·mL-1;提出了简便实用的样品前处理方法（极性有机溶剂沉淀分离法）以解决实际样品测定时存在偏差的问题;此外,较为全面地考察了多种类物质（常见阴、阳离子、小分子、表面活性剂及生物大分子）对肝素测定的干扰行为;本法应用于实际样品（肝素钠注射液）的测定,取得了较为满意的结果。开拓了酞菁类化合物作为分子光谱探针在分析科学中的应用。福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项重点项目(2017R1036-2)资

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment from Cuscuta australis R.Br.

根据拟南芥光敏色素B基因序列设计引物,RT-PCR扩增南方菟丝子同一基因相应片段,扩增使用了TD PCR技术,同时获得3个特异基因片段,对长约300 bp的片段克隆后进行序列分析,显示该片段与沼泽菟丝子和拟南芥18SrRNA基因相应片段的一致性分别为98.9%和97%,结果表明,该片段为南方菟丝子18S rRNA基因片段.The primer was designed according to two conserved regions of Phytochrome.B of Arabidopsis thaliana to amplify the same gene fragment from Cuscuta australis R.Br.cDNA by Touch Down PCR.Three gene fragments were obtained.One of the fragments about 300 bp was cloned and sequenced,and the sequence analysis result showed the nucleotide sequence of this gene fragment was consistent with the sequence of the correspondent segments of 18S ribosomal RNA gene in Cuscuta gronovii Willd and Arabidopsis thaliana at the uniformity rates of 98.9% and 97% respectively.The result reveals that it is 18S rRNA gene fragment of Cuscuta australis

Research on Position and Function of Ecology knowledge in Environment Education

环境教育的产生和发展是基于环境危机对人类造成的生存压力以及由此引发的人类对自身与环境关系的重新思考和定位的结果。生态学既是人类认识和解决环境问题的科学工具 ,又客观地反映了人类认识环境的成果 ;它对人与自然关系的科学阐述 ,使它成为现代环境意识的理论基础。因而 ,生态学知识教育应作为环境教育的基础和核心。The produce and development of the environment education are based on the pressure living on mankind caused by environment conjuncture and it also caused mankind to think over the relationship between mankind and nature again. The result of thinking and reasoning determines the goals and the tasks of the environment education. Ecology is the scientific basis for people to understand environment problems and solve the environment problems. It is also the harvest of our researching. In a sense its development makes it have the property of philosophy and become the theories foundation of establishing modern environment consciousness. So,Ecology should act as the basic knowledge of the environment education

Preparation and Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles Vaccine of Display M2e Epitope

疫苗接种是控制禽流感发生的主要措施之一,利用病毒保守的M2蛋白开发具有交叉免疫保护力的基因工程亚单位疫苗。将M2蛋白的膜外区(M2E表位)与HbCAg采用重叠延伸PCr技术构建融合基因M2EHbC+,然后将融合基因进行原核表达并检测了表达产物的动物免疫效果。结果表明,融合基因M2EHbC+能在原核系统中高效表达,表达蛋白能够被M2抗体识别,具有良好的抗原性,纯化出的重组蛋白可以自主包装成病毒样颗粒结构,能诱导小鼠产生M2E特异性抗体。M2E表位在重组蛋白颗粒中得到有效展示,为开发具有交叉保护力的禽流感亚单位疫苗打下了基础。The present vaccination is one of the main strategies for the control of avian influenza virus(AIV).Previous investigations had shown that subunit component vaccine based on M2 gene or M2e epitope could fully protect mice against a lethal H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus infection,because the extracellular domain of the minor virus-coded M2 protein is nearly invariant in all influenza A strains.Numerous studies have been devoted to developing novel heterosubtypic cross-protection vaccine by using M2 gene or M2e epitope.In this study,the M2e domain to N terminal and major immunodominant region of the hepatitis B virus core(HBcAg) protein was genetically fused to create fusion gene coding M2eHBc+ by overlap extension PCR.M2eHBc+ was expressed in Escherichia coli cell afterwards and the immune efficacy was detected in mice with pure expressing products.Fusion gene M2eHBc+ could be efficiently expressed in E.coli cell,and the expressed peptide was in soluble form and possessed M2 antigenicity since peptide can be detected by M2 antibody.The purified M2eHBc+ protein using affinity chromatography can self-assemble into virus-like particles(VLP) and can induce anti-M2e IgG in the serum of immunized mice.M2e epitope was effectively displayed on the outer surface of VLP,which laid the foundation for further development of recombinant subunit AIV vaccine.福建省科技厅重大项目子课题(2006NZ0003-2);福建省科技厅重点项目(2009N0051

Molecular Cloning and Evolutional Analysis of Matrix Geneof an H5N1 Subtype AIV

以一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法,扩增M基因全长,将PCR产物克隆于pMD18-T载体,测序结果表明所克隆的982个核苷酸的片段包含了M1和M2基因的完整阅读框架,通过软件推导M1和M2基因分别编码252和97个氨基酸,将M全长序列与Genbank收录的10株H5N1亚型流感病毒M基因序列进行比较,病毒株之间M基因核苷酸序列同源性为92.3%~99.3%,编码的两个蛋白M1和M2氨基酸序列间同源性分别为为96.0%~98.8%和92.9%~99%,分子进化分析揭示了病毒株间的亲源关系.The matrix(M) gene was amplified from an H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV) by RT-PCR.The complete M gene was exactly cloned into pMD18-T vector.The results of sequence showed that the 982 bp fragment covered complete open reading frame of M1 and M2 gene,and M1 and M2 gene coded 252 and 97 amino acid,respectively.The results of comparative sequence analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of M gene of isolate shared 92.3%~99.3% homology with M gene of other 10 strains H5N1 AIV,and putative amino sequence M1 gene and M2 gene shared 96.0%~98.8%and 92.9%~99% homology with other 10 strains.The phylogenetic analysis of M1 and M2 gene revealed the relationships among 11 strains H5N1 AIV.福建省“畜牧业健康养殖关键技术研究与示范”重大专项;; 国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J0603649)资