英汉词汇化情感隐喻探索的新模式——评《隐喻,词源和文化:基于语料库的探索和方法论反思》

概念隐喻理论自诞生之日起,就引起了认知语言学界的热评。莱氏的概念隐喻,主要关注语言的共时层面,对历时层面关注不够,在许多方面引发了争议。《隐喻,词源和文化:基于语料库的探索和方法论反思》采用比较词源学与比较互证的研究方法,利用英汉平行对应词汇隐喻语料库,从共时、历时的角度,对英汉词汇化隐喻进行了详尽的探讨,揭示了英汉两种语言中概念隐喻和隐喻词汇的文化理据。该书既是对概念隐喻理论的补充与修正,又是对词汇化隐喻研究的全新探索,将在语言教学、翻译和文化研究等领域产生重要影响

Studies on degradation mechanism of niclosamide ethanolamine salt Ⅰ Determination of niclosamide ethanolamine salt in photolysis solution

目的了解氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐(nES)在水体中的光解规律。方法实验室配置PH5的0.05μg/Ml、PH7的0.5μg/Ml和PH9的2.5μg/MlnES溶液,采用氙灯光源作为模拟日光照射,照射后0、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、24、48、72、96H采集光解液,高效液相色谱法测定光解液中nES含量,同时设无光照对照试验,计算其半衰期。结果在氙灯光光照条件下,nES快速降解,8H3种PH值的nES溶液下降率分别为83.4%、78.8%和41.3%,24H下降率分别为92.1%、88.5%和95.8%。nESPH5半衰期为8.98H,PH7为10.34H,PH9为9.16H;无光照条件下放置12d溶液浓度稳定。结论nES可在水中快速光解。Objective To understand the photolysis mechanism of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(NES) in water body.Methods NES was formulated into solutions of pH 5(0.05 μg/ml),7(0.5 μg/ml) and 9(2.5 μg/ml),respectively.The xenon gas lamp was used as the simulated sunlight.After 0,0.5,1,2,4,8,16,24,48,72,96 h of the illumination,the photolysis solutions were collected to determine the amount of NES by using the high-performance liquid chromatography method(HPLC),and the experiment without illumination was also set as the control.The half-life was calculated.Results Under the illumination of xenon gas lamp,the NES degraded rapidly.The degradation rates were 83.4%,78.8% and 41.3%,respectively for 8 h,and 92.1%,88.5% and 95.8%,respectively for 24 h.The half-life of NES was 8.98 h for pH 5,10.34 h for pH 7,9.16 h for pH 9.The solution could keep stable for 12 d without illumination.Conclusion Photolysis of NES can occur quickly in water.江苏省自然科学基金(BK200602

Studies on degradation mechanism of niclosamide ethanolamine salt Ⅱ Isotopic tracing and determination of photolysis end-product

目的观察同位素示踪技术解析氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐(nES)在水体中的稳定性及测定光解终产物CO2的变化。方法实验室配制PH5的0.05μg/Ml、PH7的0.5μg/Ml和PH9的2.5μg/MlnES溶液,采用氙灯光源作为模拟日光照射上述nES溶液,照射8、16、24、32、40、48H和72H后,分别测定nES溶液在光解管顶的气态样品,采用gASbEnCHⅡ进样针插入直接分析;液体样品则取2.5Ml注入用高纯氦吹过的密封顶空样品瓶中,用加酸泵滴加无水磷酸,30℃超声反应1H,再插入gASbEnCHⅡ进样针进行分析;与dElTAPluS/XP稳定同位素质谱仪联用测定光解产物CO2的量及碳稳定同位素。结果在氙灯光光照条件下,PH70.5μg/Ml和PH92.5μg/MlnES溶液的光解,随光照时间的增加,CO2的量也增加,并呈线性增长,72H时其产量接近nES的实际产量。同位素结果显示,随光照时间的增加,CO2的碳同位素值逐渐变负,72H时接近nES原药的碳同位素值,为-25.36±0.11,光降解已接近完全。而PH50.05μg/MlnES溶液的光解,随光照时间的增加,CO2的量也在增加,但其产量超出了nES的实际产量;同位素结果显示,随光照时间的增加,产出CO2的碳同位素值逐渐变负,但在光照16H后其产CO2的碳同位素值比nES的碳同位素值偏负。结论 nES能够在水中快速光解,终产物为CO2。Objective To analyze the stability of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(NES)in water and determine the changes of CO2,the photolysis end-product,by using the isotopic tracing technique.Methods NES was formulated into the solutions of pH 5(0.05 μg/ml),pH 7(0.5 μg/ml)and pH 9(2.5 μg/ml),respectively.The xenon gas lamp was used as the simulated sunlight.After 8,16,24,32,40,48,72 h of the illumination,the gas samples of the NES solution on the top of photolysis tube were determined by using direct insertion of GasBenchII needle.For liquid samples,2.5 ml NES solution was added into a sealed empty bottle,which was treated with high pure helium,and then anhydrous phosphoric acid was added.After ultrasonic reaction at 30 ℃ for 1 h,the GasBenchII needle was inserted for analysis.The amount of CO2 and carbon isotopic value were determined by using the GasBenchII needle combined with isotopic mass spectrometer.Results Under the illumination of xenon gas lamp,the NES solutions of pH 7 and pH 9 occurred photolysis,with the increase of illumination time,the amount of CO2 increased,showing a linear increase.At 72 h,its yield approximated to the active output of NES.The isotopic tracing results showed,with the increase of illumination time,the carbon isotope value of CO2 turned to be negative gradually,and approximately reached to the carbon isotope value(-25.36±0.11‰)of NES active ingredient at 72 h when the photolysis approximated to be completely finished.For the photolysis of pH 5 NES solution,with the increase of illumination time,the amount of CO2 increased,however,its output was more than the active output of NES.The isotopic tracing results showed,with the increase of illumination time,the carbon isotope value of CO2 turned to be negative gradually.However,after illumination for 16 h,the carbon isotope value of CO2 was more negative than that of NES.Conclusions The photolysis of NES can occur rapidly in water,and the end product is CO2.江苏省自然科学基金(BK200602);江苏省卫生厅项目(X200504

Analysis on death causes of liver cancer of inhabitants in Xiamen City from 2002 to 2011

目的了解2002-2011年厦门市居民肝癌死亡趋势、分布特征及寿命损失情况。方法对2002-2011年厦门市肝癌死亡登记资料和人口数据进行统计分析,通过计算死亡率、标化死亡率、年均增长死亡率及寿命损失年等指标,评价居民的肝癌死亡及寿命损失情况。结果 2002-2011年厦门市肝癌年均死亡率为32.70/10万,标化死亡率为34.48/10万,居恶性肿瘤死亡顺位第1位,总体趋势有下降,但差异无统计学意义(2趋势=2.13,P=0.144)。男性、女性、城区、郊区、农村的肝癌年均死亡率均呈下降趋势,但只有郊区下降有统计学意义(2趋势=7.46,P=0.006)。肝癌死亡率比较:农村>城区>郊区,男性死亡率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(2=1 758.80,P<0.001)。肝癌主要危害中老年人群,死亡年龄的中位数为57岁,89.37%的死亡病例发生在40岁以上人群。肝癌潜在寿命损失年为93 378.0人年,平均减寿年数为20.17人年,减寿率为5.74‰,男性和农村居民寿命损失较严重。结论 2002-2011年厦门市肝癌死亡率整体呈下降趋势,但对中老年人群的危害仍很严重,应继续加强防控力度。Objective To gain the knowledge of trends in mortality,distribution characteristics and potential years of life lost caused by liver cancer among Xiamen population from 2002 to 2011.Methods Mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,average annual growth rate of mortality and years of life lost have been employed to evaluate the mortality of liver cancer and years of life lost caused by the disease among population in Xiamen.Results The average annual mortality rate of liver cancer among Xiamen population was 32.70 /105.After the standardization,the rate was ascended to 34.48 /105,ranking in the top of the death causes.Compared to historical data,the mortality rate slightly decreased in total.However,no statistical significance was observed.The average annual mortality rate of male,female,urban,suburban and rural areas were decreased,but only a statistically significant decrease in the suburban was noted.As for the locations,the mortality rate in rural area was the highest,and that of urban area maintained in the second position,and the rate of suburb area was the lowest in Xiamen.The reduction on the average mortality rate among female population was greater than that of its counterparts.We also observed that the reduction was greater in rural areas than in the rest of city.However,the differences were not statistically significant.Liver cancer mainly affected the middle-aged and old population,and the median of death age was 57 years old.Furthermore,89.37% of deaths were reported in the population older than 40 of years.The potential years of life lost caused by liver cancer among Xiamen population was 93 378.0 PY and AYLL was 20.17 PY,and PYLL rate reached 5.74‰.The years of life lost caused by liver cancer among male and rural population are serious.Conclusions The mortality rate of live cancer among Xiamen population between 2002 and 2011 has been declined in general aspect.However,the liver cancer still renders great threat to the health among middle-aged and old population.Therefore,the prevention and control strategy should be further promoted.福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(2010-2-113

献血者中戊型肝炎病毒血症研究

目的　了解湖州地区献血者戊型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法　采用ELISA法检测 30 4 7名无偿献血者血清抗 HEVIgM和IgG抗体 ,巢式RT PCR检测抗 HEVIgM阳性血清中HEVRNA。 结果　 30 4 7名无偿献血者中抗 HEVIgG的检出率为 4 1.7% ,抗 HEVIgM检出率为 1.5 %。 4 6份抗 HEVIgM阳性中发现 6份HEVRNA阳性。献血者中病毒血症阳性率为 0 .2 %。 6名HEV病毒血症者中 4名为HEV基因Ⅰ型 ,另 2例为HEV基因Ⅳ型。结论　在献血者中HEV病毒血症并不罕见 ,有必要对输血后戊肝的潜在危险进行评估

雪松聚球藻金属硫蛋白的纯化及其性质的研究

在雪松聚球藻的培养基中逐渐增加氯化镉的浓度以诱导藻细胞内金属硫蛋白（NT）的合成，经SephedexG－50、DEAE－cellulose（DE－52）和SephadexG－25柱层析，获得的MT没有亚型，经SDS－PAGE分析是高度均一的。每个蛋白分子约含5个Cd原子，10个巯基，分子量约为7．6KD，等电点pH4、5左右，半胱氨酸含量约占总氨基酸量的15．5％，还含有少量的芳香族氨基酸，MT的最大紫外吸收在250nm左右，在低pH下稳定性较差

雪松聚球藻金属硫蛋白的纯化及其性质的研究

在雪松聚球藻的培养基中逐渐增加氯化镉的浓度以诱导藻细胞内金属硫蛋白的合成，经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０，ＤＥＡＥ－ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－２５柱层析，获得的ＭＴ没有亚型，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析是高度均一的。每个蛋白分子约含５个Ｃｄ原子，１０个巯基，分子量约为７．６ＫＤ，等电位ｐＨ４．５左右，半胱氨酸含量约占总氨基酸量的１５．５％，还含有少量的芳香族氨基酸，ＭＴ的最大紫外吸收在２

雪松聚球藻金属硫蛋白的纯化及其性质的研究

在雪松聚球藻的培养基中逐渐增加氯化镉的浓度以诱导藻细胞内金属硫蛋白的合成，经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０，ＤＥＡＥ－ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－２５柱层析，获得的ＭＴ没有亚型，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析是高度均一的。每个蛋白分子约含５个Ｃｄ原子，１０个巯基，分子量约为７．６ＫＤ，等电位ｐＨ４．５左右，半胱氨酸含量约占总氨基酸量的１５．５％，还含有少量的芳香族氨基酸，ＭＴ的最大紫外吸收在２

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS BY STABLE FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

[中文文摘]合成了一系列不同分子量 ,分子链末端带有稳定自由基 (2 ,2 ,6 ,6 -四甲基 - 1-哌啶氧物,TEMPO)的聚苯乙烯大分子引发剂 ,分别引发甲基丙烯酸丁酯 (BMA)、甲基丙烯酸乙酯 (EMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸辛酯 (OMA)、醋酸乙烯酯 (VAc)、二甲基丙烯酰胺 (DMA)、丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯(DAEA)等 7种极性单体形成两嵌段共聚物。聚苯乙烯 -聚甲基丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物的分子量可控 ,分子量分布较窄 ,单体转化率较高。醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯在相同条件下的嵌段共聚难以达到高转化率。嵌段共聚物经 GPC和 1H- NMR表征。[英文文摘]Controlled polystyrenes with different molecular weight were synthesized starting from benzoyl peroxide and TEMPO (2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidinyl l oxy). The polystyrene homopolymers served as macroinitiators for the block copolymerizations of disparate vinyl monomer butyl methacrylate(BMA), ethyl methacrylate(EMA), methylmethacrylate(MMA), octyl methacrylate(OMA), vinyl acetate(VAc), N,N dimethylacrylamide(DMA), and 2 (dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate(DAEA). Polystyrene polymethacrylate diblock copolymers with well defined structures asw- ell as controlled and narrow molar mass distribution were obtained from the lower mass polystyrene macroinitiator. Contrary to methacrylates, VA c and DA EA were reluctant in the polymerization initiated by polystyrene macroinitiator. Block copolymer formation was confirmed by 1H-NMR and GPC measurements. The high fieldmethyl resonances of the TEM PO moiety show some upfield or down field shifts for attachment to the copolymer moiety when compared to attachment to the styryl moiety

等离子体法制备碳化硅超细粉末研究

本文采用直流电弧等离子体法合成β－ＳｉＣ超细粉末，产品纯度大于９７％，平均粒径范围０．０５～０．５μｍ产率１ｋｇ／ｈ，此外，对其工业开发前景作了展望