民族主义、实用主义和“欧化主义”——晚清戏曲改良理论的三个关键词

晚清戏曲改良理论有三个关键词:民族主义、实用主义和“欧化主义“,实用主义是基础,民族主义是核心,“欧化主义“则是方式和手段。这些关键词勾勒了一种认知和评价戏曲的模式,这一模式在很大程度上影响着二十世纪戏曲的走向。国家社科基金艺术类重点课题《20世纪中国戏剧理论和批评史》阶段段性成果;项目编号08AB0

陶渊明诗歌中的饮者形象及其寓意

陶渊明（365-427）生于晋、宋易代之际，他曾“猛志逸四海”，无奈动荡不安的政治时局，使他选择不复入仕而决心归隐田园。身为“古今隐逸诗人之宗”，陶渊明是田园诗的开拓者。除此之外，陶渊明以“隐者”及“诗人”的身份深入民心的同时，他也以“饮者”的形象留名于后世。作为中国文学史上第一位大力创造饮酒诗的诗人，其诗歌中思想内涵反映出诗人的品格以及其内心所求。本文分为两个部分去谈论陶渊明“饮酒诗”中的内容思想及其寓意。首先，通过陶渊明身处的社会环境，了解当时社会环境下所衍生出的社会风气，即魏晋风度。针对魏晋风度的出现去探析魏晋时期士人对于饮酒所采取的态度以及他们饮酒的目的。陶渊明生于东晋时期，对于魏晋时期衍生下来的风气自然有所承袭。所以，笔者将从饮酒态度及目的这两个方面，探析出陶渊明和魏晋士人们之间的不同之处。其次，笔者将在“有疑陶渊明诗篇篇有酒”的前提下，针对陶渊明的诗歌中与酒有关联的诗歌进行统计，并以“酒”出现的频率为根据，探讨出陶渊明“饮酒诗” 的“深味”。此外，本文将从陶渊明饮酒诗中所使用的意象去探讨其“饮者”的形象，以及酒与田园意象的使用，进而分析出其饮酒诗中的寓意

Performance Experiment of R290/CO2 Cascade Refrigeration System

Performance experiments of R290/CO2 cascade refrigeration system were conducted. The performance of a cascade refrigeration system having a high temperature cycle using R290 as refrigerant and a CO2 based low temperature cycle was compared with that of a cascade refrigeration system having a high temperature cycle using R22 as refrigerant and a CO2 based low temperature cycle. The results show that the optimum mass flow rate ratio and the maximum COP of the R290/CO2 cascade refrigeration system increase with the increase of evaporation temperature and with the decrease of condensation temperature. Moreover, the power consumption of the R290 compressor is slightly higher than that of the R22 compressor and the COPh of the R290 cycle is higher than that of the R22 cycle at the higher compressor inlet temperatures

FeO~+(~6Σ~+)催化CO还原N_2O的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311+G(2d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平下,考察了FeO+(6Σ+)分子如何催化CO还原N2O微观机理.计算结果表明,FeO+(6Σ+)是一种有效的催化剂,其可从N2O中夺取一个O原子,然后再传递给CO,完成整个氧转移过程.结果发现,反应中可能生成各种过氧[Fe(O2)+]或双端氧(OFeO+)物种,其中前者比较稳定,后者更活泼

严重事故下蒸汽发生器传热管诱发破裂现象及其缓解策略分析

蒸汽发生器传热管是核反应堆冷却剂系统压力边界的重要组成部分,研究严重事故下蒸汽发生器传热管诱发破裂现象及其影响因素对支持二级概率安全分析意义重大.以CPR1000电厂全厂断电叠加蒸汽发生器安全阀卡开事故为基础事故序列,分析了轴封破口、环路水封清除和下降管水封清除现象对蒸汽发生器传热管诱发蠕变破裂现象的影响,并对二次侧卸压-补水和一次侧卸压-补水两种缓解策略的效果进行了研究.结果表明:轴封破口现象会影响逆向自然循环流量,但不会影响热管段和蒸汽发生器传热管发生蠕变破裂的先后顺序;而环路水封清除和下降管水封清除现象会打破热管段逆向自然循环现象,并导致蒸汽发生器传热管比其他冷却剂系统边界更早失效,从而带来安全壳旁通风险;而二次侧卸压-补水策略和一次侧卸压-补水策略都可以达到降低蒸汽发生器传热管诱发破裂风险的效果.该研究结果有助于改进二级概率安全分析结果,指导CPR1000电厂制定相关严重事故缓解措施并提升严重事故管理导则的事故处置能力.福建省科技厅计划项目(2016H0034);;厦门大学能源学院发展基金(2017NYFZ01

生物法制备纳米银溶胶的稳定性

利用生物还原法制备纳米银溶胶,借助于UV-Vis表征技术对其热稳定性和化学稳定性进行考察。结果表明:生物法制备的纳米银溶胶在100℃下加热6h,UV-Vis谱图未发生明显变化;H+和具有高价阳离子的电解质对其稳定性的影响明显;OH-对银溶胶的稳定性影响相对较弱。生物法制备的纳米银溶胶在热稳定性、化学稳定性方面均略优于柠檬酸三钠法制得的银溶胶

Biomass Cell Wall Component Structural Interpretation and Bonding Mechanism

生物质转化为高值化材料的关键一步是对组分进行清洁温和分离,然后将分离后的组分进行生物和化学转化,获得高性能材料。然而,由于生物质结构复杂,人们对其了解的局限导致对它们有效分离缺乏理论上的指向,使得目前的分离技术多是一种工艺层面的探索。迄今为止,尚没有高效的集成化生物质清洁分离技术体系,即在一个工艺过程中将生物质不同的组分能以较完整的分子结构形式清洁有效分离出来。由于生物质现代转化利用途径需要在保持较完整结构的基础上将主要组分清洁有效分离开来,然后对不同组分进行有目的的转化利用。因此,尽管生物质组分转化利用有广阔的应用前景,但生物质组分的清洁有效分离仍是一个瓶颈限制,是一个难点问题。生物质组分分离的关键是将断裂木质素组分和半纤维素组分之间的结合键或有选择性断裂木质素分子内的结合键,进一步达到清洁分离组分的目的。该研究拟从生物质组分间化学结合键的差异性以及空间构型的差异性中寻找其对不同差异介质环境中的反应机制,从而进一步提出氧基化学分离新途径的导向指引,即利用木质素侧链的α、β、γ-与半纤维素组分之间的酯键等结合键或木质素分子内不同化学键对不同微差异介质环境中化学体系中O2分子的敏感性不同,探索其可能的分子内或分子外结合键的断裂途径,从而实现清洁温和分离纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组分的目的,为生物质的高值化利用奠定基础。The key procedure of converting the biomass into high value materials is to separate the fractions clean and moderately and then to conduct the biological or chemical conversion of the separated fractions to obtain the high value materials. However, it, the lack of theoretical guide of effective separation on account of the limitation of our acquirement about the complexity of biomass structure, makes the separation technology become an exploration on process level. So far, there is no efficient integrated system for clean separation, which can separates different fractions at a fairly complete molecular structure clean and effectively in a process. The way of modern biomass utilization needs to separate its fractions clean and effectively under the premise of a fairly complete molecular structure and then carry out the purposeful conversion and utilization of different fractions. Despite the biomass conversion and utilization have broad application prospects, the clean and effective separation is still a bottleneck restriction and a difficult problem. The key to the separation of biomass components is to break the bond between lignin and hemicellulose or to selectively break the intramolecular bond among lignin achieving the purpose of clean separation. This study intends to find the reaction mechanism under different medium environment from the differences of the bonds among the fractions and the differences of spatial configuration, and then propose an orientation guidance of oxygen chemical separation. Scilicet, making use of the different sensitivities to O2 of different bonds, which between lignin side chain of alpha, beta, gamma- and bonds among hemicellulose fractions, such as easter bond, or intramolecular bond among lignin molecules, to explore the possible fracture way in or between the molecular. Furthermore, on the basis of the above work, this study intends to achieve the purpose of a clean and moderate separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions, laying a foundation for high value utilization of biomass

DNA Content and Cell Cycle Changes of Male and Female Gametes of Lycium barbarum L.

通讯作者(E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 0592-2186486)[中文文摘]枸杞是二胞花粉植物。花粉在柱头上萌发后生殖细胞在花粉管中分裂形成精细胞。在花粉管中,精细胞开始合成DNA,随着花粉管生长,精细胞DNA含量持续增加。当花粉管在退化助细胞中破裂,释放出的2个精细胞DNA含量达到1.92倍(1.92C)。在开花当天,卵细胞已合成了约1/3DNA,并持续增加。开花后30h,卵细胞中的DNA含量达到1.63C。在受精前,卵细胞中的DNA含量达到1.83C。精、卵细胞融合后,合子DNA含量为3.53C。去雄排除花粉管影响后,已合成1/5DNA的过熟卵细胞停止合成,表明卵细胞持续合成DNA需要花粉管的刺激。枸杞雌、雄配子在融合前合成DNA,在细胞周期的G2期发生融合,属于G2类型。[英文文摘]The pollen of Lycium barbarum is bicellular and the generative cell divides to form two sperms in pollen tube after a pollen grain lands on a stigma and germinates a pollen tube.In pollen tubes,two sperms begin to synthesize DNA,and the content of DNA continues to increase.After pollen tubes reach degenerative synergid and break,the DNA content in two released sperms reaches 1.92 DNA(1.92C).On the day of anthesis,eggs have synthesized 1/3 DNA.At 30 h after anthesis,the DNA content in eggs reaches 1.63C.Before fertilization,eggs contain 1.83C. After fertilization, zygotes contain 3.53C. In emasculated fl owers, the eggs also synthesize 1/5 DNA, however, the synthesis stops without the stimulation of pollen tube. Before the fusion of male and female gametes of L. barbarum, both synthesize DNA and pass S phase of cell cycle, and fuse in G2 phase of cell cycle. Therefore, the fertilization of L. barbarum belongs to G2 type.国家自然科学基金(30670126和31170289);; 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200903016

Green Synthesis of Potassium Diformate

以甲酸和氢氧化钾为原料,不外加任何溶剂一步合成二甲酸钾。通过单因素实验,考察了原料配比、反应温度和反应时间对产品质量与收率的影响。采用正交实验进一步优化了合成工艺,确定了最佳工艺条件:n(HCOOH)/n(KOH)=2.2、反应温度70℃、反应时间30 m in,在该条件下,二甲酸钾产品收率达98%以上。所得产品经红外光谱分析及熔点测定,其结果与文献报道一致。反应过程绿色化,有很好的原子经济性。Potassium diformate was synthesized without solvent,using formic acid and potassium hydroxide as raw materials.The optimal conditions for the reaction were:molar ratio of HCOOH to KOH 2.2∶1,reaction temperature 70 ℃ and reaction time 30 min.Yield of the process was over 98% under the optimal conditions.The infrared spectrum and melting range of the product were in good agreement with those reported in literature.The technology developed in this study could be an environmentally benign synthesis route with efficient atom economy