薄膜太阳能电池的进展和展望

薄膜太阳能电池因具有价格低、弱光性好、大面积自动化生产、柔性便携等优点,表现出极大的发展意义和良好的市场前景。目前光伏市场上薄膜太阳能电池主要分为硅基薄膜太阳能电池、碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池、铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池三大类。本文介绍了三种薄膜太阳能电池的发展现状,指出了它们的优点和存在的主要问题,分析了学术界和产业界针对这些问题的解决方案,展望了其发展前景。福建省科技厅软科学项目(2017R0100);;福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2016J01264

通过磁控溅射金属钛生长金红石型二氧化钛纳米片阵列应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池（英文）

本文首次通过磁控溅射方法,在FTO表面溅射一层Ti金属层,结合水热反应,原位生长TiO纳米片阵列（TiONSAs）.经过退火处理,Ti金属层转变为致密的TiO层,因此基于此方法制得的金红石型TiONSAs与FTO基底具有很强的结合力.与通过原子层沉积（ALD）以及悬涂（SC）法所得的另外两种TiO致密层生长的TiONSAs对比发现,基于本文所述方法制备的TiONSAs作为支架层的钙钛矿太阳能电池具有最佳性能.上述结果主要是由于该TiONSAs无明显缺陷,并且在TiONSAs/TiO致密层/FTO界面接触很好.值得注意的是,通过优化实验条件,基于此种TiONSAs的钙钛矿太阳能电池的最高光电转换效率可达11.82%.the financial supports from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.21621091,No.21503177,21321062)；the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB932900)；the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.20720150031)；the project of 111 Program(No.B16029)

注射用法罗培南钠治疗泌尿系统感染的临床研究

目的评价注射用法罗培南钠治疗泌尿系统感染的有效性和安全性。方法采用随机、盲法、平行对照临床研究,以注射用亚胺培南/西司他丁钠为对照。结果纳入全分析集(fAS)的病例39例,比较两组临床治愈率、细菌清除率和不良反应发生率,差异均无统计学意义。结论注射用法罗培南钠治疗泌尿系统感染安全有效,与注射用亚胺培南/西司他丁钠相近

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Home Control System Based on Android and Arduino

作为时下最炙手可热的移动应用端操作系统,Android以其显著的开放性、便于开发的灵活性、能够与Google应用的无缝对接性及丰富的第三方软硬件; 资源等成为智能应用系统不可或缺的组成部分;Arduino单片机系统以其开源的电子原型平台、灵活便捷的设计和丰富的传感器资源等被广泛应用。其与Ja; va和C语言相类似的基于; Wiring/Processing的语言开发环境更是受到越来越多的电子爱好者和开发者的青睐。本文以移动手机安卓系统为无线控制终端,结合Ardui; no单片机系统,设计并实验仿真了一款基于Android与Arduino的智能家居控制系统,以控制; LED灯示例,通过网络http传输控制指令到Arduino单片机系统,Arduino根据所接收到的指令,控制不同的家居电器完成所要求的工作任务。; 仿真实验表明,文章所设计方法行之有效,可以灵活的运用到日常家居电器设备,提供了一种智能家居系统设计的新思路,具有易实现,应用广的特点。As one of the most sought-after mobile application terminal operating; system, Android has become an indispensable part of the intelligent; application system, because it has the features of definite openness,; flexibility for development, perfect connection with Google applications; and abundant third party software and hardware resources and so on.; Arduino MCU system is widely used in society because of its; characteristics of open source electronic prototype platform, flexible; and convenient design, rich sensor resources, etc. Moreover, its classes; Java and C language based on Wiring/Processing development environment; are becoming more and more popular among the electronics enthusiasts and; developers. Taking the mobile phone Android system as wireless control; terminal, and combining Arduino MCU system, an intelligent home control; system based on Android and Arduino is designed and implemented in this; paper. By controlling LED lamp samples, with the network HTTP; transmission control instructions sending to the Arduino MCU system, and; according to the received instructions, Arduino can control different; household electrical appliances to complete the required tasks.; Experiments show that the methods designed in this paper can be flexibly; applied to daily household appliances, such as, home appliance control,; security equipment, etc. This paper provides a new idea for the design; of intelligent home system, which is easy to implement and widely used.2015年度"福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划"项目; 2015年福建省高等学校创新创业教育改革项目;; 2016年本科高校重大教育教学改革研究项目; 2016年省级互联网实验教学示范中心项目; 2016年福建省高等学校服务产业特色专业建设项

Synthesis and Characterization of [Ni(Hlact)_2(phen)]·2H_2O and Its Interaction with BSA Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

利用溶液法合成了配合物[nI(HlACT)2(PHEn)]·2H2O(1),并对该配合物进行了元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射表征。通过荧光光谱法研究了不同温度下配合物1与牛血清白蛋白相互作用时的荧光强度的变化,计算了在不同温度下,配合物1与牛血清白蛋白(bSA)的结合常数、结合位点数以及热力学函数,并进一步讨论了配合物1与bSA相互作用时的作用力类型和两者之间的距离。结果表明,配合物1对牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭为静态猝灭过程,它与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用有一个位点,结合常数的平均值5.06x105l·MOl-1,作用距离为2.35 nM,相互作用力表现为氢键和范德华力。The compound [Ni(Hlact)2(phen)]·2H2O is synthesized in the solution and fully characterized by elemental analysis,IR and X-ray structural analyses.The interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin(BSA) and [Ni(Hlact)2(phen)]·2H2O at different temperatures are investigated with fluorescence spectra.The binding constant,binding sites and thermodynamic functions are calculated at different temperatures.The binding force and distance are discussed for BSA with complex 1.In the result,the model of fluorescence quenching is considered as static quenching process based on Stern-Volmer equation.The binding constant and binding sites are calculated for BSA and [Ni(Hlact)2(phen)]·2H2O as 5.06 ×105L·mol-1 and 2.35nm respectively.Parameters of thermodynamic functions are calculated and the interaction is determined as hydrogen bonding and van der Waal interactions between BSA and complex.国家自然科学基金(No.21073150)资助项

Tannin Content of Different Casuarina Species and Its Distribution Law

探讨了几种木麻黄单宁含量与种类、年龄、部位、生态环境的关系。结果表明:8种木麻黄小枝总多酚含量排序为:细枝木麻黄(CASuArInA CunnIngHAMInA)>山地木麻黄(C.JungHuHnIAnA)>山神木麻黄(C.COllIA)>短枝木麻黄(C.EQuISETIfOlIA)>鸡冠木麻黄(C.CrISTATA)>粗枝木麻黄(C.glAuCA)>肥木木麻黄(C.ObESA)>滨海木麻黄(AllOCASuArI-nA lITTOrAlIS);不同年龄木麻黄小枝总多酚含量随着年龄的增加而增大。短枝木麻黄和细枝木麻黄总多酚、可溶性单宁、蛋白质结合缩合单宁以及纤维素结合缩合单宁含量大体上以细根>树皮>小枝。随着离海岸带距离的增加,木麻黄小枝总多酚含量降低。木麻黄小枝蛋白质结合态缩合单宁含量非常低,而纤维素结合态缩合单宁含量较高,这可能与木麻黄鳞片叶退化为小枝,纤维素含量高有关。Tannin contents of different Casuarina species and tannin distribution rules of species,ages,position and ecological environment were studied.The results showed that the total phenol of branchlet of Casuarina was under the order as follows:Casuarina cunninghamina>C.junghuhniana>C.collia>C.equisetifolia>C.cristata>C.glauca>C.obesa>Allocasuarina littoralis.The total phenol contents of branchlets of different years old of Casuarina increased with ages.The total phenol,solubility tannins,protein binding condensing tannins,fibrin binding condensing tannins contents of short and thin Casuarina branchlets were under the following order wholly:thin root>bark>branchlet.With the increasing of the distance from coastal belt,the total phenol of branchlet declined.The protein binding condensing tannin of Casuarina branchlet was very low,whereas fibrin binding condenseing tannins content was highest.The reason could be the high fibrin content after Casuarina scale leaf degenerated to branchlet国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A1605);福建省林业厅科研项目“木麻黄单宁生化活性与提取利用技术研究”资

Effects of CO2-induced seawater acidification on photosynthesis and calcification in the coralline alga Corallina pilulifera

为了探讨CO2海底封存潜在的渗漏危险对于海洋生物的可能影响,以大型钙化藻类小珊瑚藻(COrAllInA PIlulIfErA)为研究对象,在室内控光控温条件下,通过向培养海水充入CO2气体得到3种不同酸化程度的培养条件(PH 8.1、6.8和5.5),24H后比较藻体光合作用和钙化作用情况。结果显示:相对于自然海水培养条件(PH 8.1),在PH 6.8条件下培养的小珊瑚藻光合固碳速率得到了增强,而在PH 5.5条件下光合固碳速率则降低;随着酸化程度的增强,藻体的钙化固碳速率越来越低,在PH 5.5条件下甚至表现为负值[(-2.53±0.57)Mg C g-1干重H-1];藻体颗粒无机碳(PIC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)含量的比值随着酸化程度的加强而降低,这反映了酸化对光合和钙化作用的综合效应。快速光反应曲线的测定结果显示:随着酸化程度的增强,强光引起的光抑制程度越来越强;在酸化条件下,藻体的光饱和点显著降低,但PH 6.8和5.5之间没有显著差异;低光下的电子传递速率在PH 8.1和6.8之间没有显著差异,PH 5.5培养条件下显著降低;最大电子传递速率在PH 6.8时最大,在PH 5.5时最低。以上结果说明,高浓度CO2引起的海水酸化显著地影响着小珊瑚藻的光合和钙化过程,不同的酸化程度下,藻体的光合、钙化反应不同,在较强的酸化程度下(PH 5.5),藻体的光合和钙化过程都将受到强烈的抑制,这些结果为认识CO2海底封存渗漏危险对海洋钙化藻类的可能影响提供了理论参考。Increasing atmospheric CO2 is causing global public concern and seabed sequestration is one possible method of carbon reduction.However,studies on the potential risk of CO2 leakage and its possible effects on the marine environment are still very limited.To investigate such possible effects on sensitive marine organisms,coralline algae,Corallina pilulifera,were cultured under controlled conditions: 20℃,100μmol photons m-2 s-1 and a light period of 12h.Three treatments were set at acidities of pH 8.1,6.8 and 5.5,by aerating natural seawater with pure gaseous CO2.After 24 hours,photosynthesis and calcification rates of C.pilulifera cultured at different pH levels were determined.The rate of photosynthetic carbon fixation was enhanced at the pH of 6.8 and was inhibited at the pH of 5.5,compared with the algae grown in the seawater control(pH 8.1).The rate of calcified carbon fixation was depressed with decreasing pH,and even exhibited a negative value [(-2.53±0.57) mg C(g DW)-1 h-1] at pH 5.5.Additionally,with the decrease in pH,the ratio of particulate inorganic carbon(PIC) to particulate organic carbon(POC) content in the algae,measured with a vario TOC cube,decreased remarkably,which reflected the comprehensive effects of CO2-induced seawater acidification on photosynthesis and calcification.Rapid light curves of algae cultured at different pH levels,which indicated the responses of electron transport rates(ETR) in photosystem II(PS II) to irradiance,were determined by pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence(PAM).The results showed that the photoinhibition term(a) increased with the decrease in pH,indicating that algae grown at lower pH levels experience greater photoinhibition.The light saturation point(Ik) decreased significantly under the CO2-induced acidification conditions,though a significant difference was not found between pH of 6.8 and 5.5.The initial slope of the rapid light curve(α),reflecting the efficiency of the electron transport rate at low irradiance,was lower at pH 5.5 than at the other two levels,while there was no significant difference between pH 8.1 and 6.8 levels.The maximum relative electron transport rate(rETRmax) exhibited the highest value in algae cultured at pH 6.8 and the lowest at pH 5.5.According to these results,we concluded that CO2-induced seawater acidification noticeably affected the photosynthesis and calcification of C.pilulifera,and different degrees of acidification caused different responses of photosynthesis and calcification.At the lowest pH level(pH 5.5),both the photosynthesis and calcification of C.pilulifera were significantly inhibited.These results provide a reference for studies on the risk of CO2 leakage from seabed sequestration methods on the physiology and ecology of marine coralline algae.海洋行业公益项目(200805029和200905020-2);国家海洋局重点实验室基金(200912);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)青年访问学者基金(MELRS1105);山东省科技发展计划项目(2009GG10005012

石墨电弧中C5环的原位捕获与形成

五元环是富勒烯的重要构筑基元,是形成凸多面体碳笼的关键因素,研究C5环的形成对理解富勒烯自下而上的生长机理有着重要的意义。该文通过在石墨电弧放电体系中引入氯源,原位捕获到了C5与C60的[4+2]环加成衍生物C60（C5Cl6）。对该分子进行了质谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱的表征,并利用X-射线单晶衍射明确了C60（C5Cl6）的分子结构。此外,还通过一系列C60衍生物的质谱表征,对C5环和C60（C5Cl6）结构的演进路线进行了分析。国家自然科学基金(21721001,21827801和51572231

中国海及邻近区域碳库与通量综合分析

中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依\"世界第三极\"青藏高原、南邻\"全球气候引擎\"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区（渤海、黄海、东海、南海）、不同界面（陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等）,以及不同生态系统（红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等）多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO2约0.22Tg Ca-1,黄海吸收CO2约1.15Tg Ca-1,东海吸收CO2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca-1,南海释放CO2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca-1.如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO2的\"源\",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca-1.这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳（DIC）分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca-1,而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca-1,远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca-1.东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca-1.就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca-1,海草床溶解有机碳（DOC）输出通量为0.59Tg Ca-1;中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca-1,沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca-1.总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca-1.中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca-1,南海输出约31.39Tg Ca-1.综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO2的\"源\",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵（DOC转化输出）作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析.国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2016YFA0601400);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:91751207、91428308、41722603、41606153、41422603);;中央高校基础研究项目(编号:20720170107);;中海油项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ125FZDXM00TJ001-2014、CNOOCKJ125FZDXM00ZJ001-2014)资