CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil

用不同的前驱物合成了三种CaO催化剂,并以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法加以表征.这些CaO被用作大豆油(SBO)经酯交换制取脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),即生物柴油的催化剂,由方解石制备的氧化钙(Cal(N))表现了最好的SBO酯交换活性.检测发现CaO的酯交换活性与它们的碱性强度密切相关,当暴露于CO2气氛下,显著降低了CaO的酯交换催化活性(Raman光谱测试显示当置CaO于常温空气中,其表面形成的CaCO3和Ca(OH)2将阻止CaO继续参与SBO的酯交换反应).CO2的毒化颇受制于CaO前驱体种类,Cal(N)比来自文石的CaO(即Ara(N))有更好的抗CO2毒化能力;这些受损的CaO催化活性可部分复原.提出了CaO催化剂受CO2毒化及其再生的机理,同时讨论了SBO酯交换活性相到底是CaO固体表面,拟或溶解了的CaO的问题.Three different calcium oxide catalysts were synthesized from different precursors and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). They were used as catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), namely biodiesel. Calcium oxide from calcite (Cal(N)) showed the highest activity towards the transesterification of SBO. The transesterification activity of CaO was found to be highly related to the basicity of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of CaO greatly decreased when CaO was exposed to CO2. (Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 on the surface of CaO when CaO was exposed to room air prevented CaO from participating in the transesterification of SBO). The degree of poisoning was highly dependent on the type of precursors with Cal(N) more resistant to CO2 poisoning than CaO from aragonite (Ara(N)). Deactivated CaO catalysts could be partially regenerated. A mechanism was proposed to explain the poisoning and regenerating processes. Furthermore, whether the solid phase of CaO or dissolved CaO was the active species in the transesterification of SBO was also investigated.教育部生物质能源重大项目(教技司(2007)29号文);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资

The clinical significance of KAI1 /CD82 expression in colon tumor

目的　KAI1是一种特异性抑制肿瘤转移的基因,其蛋白产物为KAI1/CD82。通过检测 6 4例结肠腺癌石蜡切片的KAI1/CD82蛋白表达,探讨其与预后等临床因素的相关性。方法　肿瘤经福尔马林固定 ,石蜡包埋。免疫组化方法检测石蜡切片中KAI1/CD82蛋白表达水平。生物学统计采用 χ2 检验法。生存曲线采用Kaplan Meier软件绘制。结果　KAI1/CD82蛋白呈现棕褐色、细颗粒状物 ,弥漫性分布结肠腺癌细胞膜上。KAI1/CD82蛋白在结肠腺癌组织中表达阳性率为 5 1.5 6 %。生物学统计结果表明 ,KAI1/CD82蛋白表达与淋巴结转移、远处转移及肿瘤临床分期等密切相关 ,有统计学意义 ;而与肿瘤患者的年龄和性别、肿瘤大小、分化程度及肿瘤部位等无关。KAI1/CD82蛋白阳性结肠腺癌患者的术后生存期明显高于阴性患者 ,前者平均术后生存期为 5 4 .2 7± 2 1.5 1月 ,而后者仅为 37.5 5± 15 .17月 ,具有统计学意义。结论　KAI1/CD82表达水平与结肠腺癌分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移关系密切 ,可能和其它指标一起作为判断结肠腺癌预后的指标之一 ,对术后进一步治疗具... 【英文摘要】 Objective KAI1 gene is a specific metastasis suppressor gene, and its protein product is KAI1 /CD82. The relationship between KAI1 /CD82 expression and colon cancer patient prognosis was investigated. Methods 64 colon tumor specimens were detected and analyzed for their KAI1 /CD82 protein expression level with immunohistochemical method, the paraffin embedded tissue sections were incubated with anti KAI1 antibody. The Student s t test and the Kaplan Meier method were used. Results The KAI1 /CD82 pro...教育部科学技术重点项目(00073)；教育部访问学者专项基金(2000年度

Pregnane X receptor involves in the effect of aflatoxin B1 on necroptosis in human normal L02 liver cells

目的初步探讨孕烷X受体(PXr)对黄曲霉毒素b1(Afb1)诱导肝细胞dnA损伤和坏死性凋亡的影响。方法采用已构建的PXr高表达l02-PXr和空白载体对照l02-P b细胞;实时荧光定量PCr(Q rT-PCr)检测细胞nr1I2和CyP3A4 M rnA水平改变;蛋白免疫印迹(WESTErn blOTTIng)检测细胞内PXr和坏死性凋亡下游效应自噬分子lC3-Ⅰ和lC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达含量;双核微核试验(CbMn)检测细胞遗传损伤情况;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定Afb1对细胞活性抑制影响;利用坏死性凋亡抑制剂nEC-1构建坏死性凋亡抑制的细胞模型,验证Afb1诱导的坏死性凋亡的效应。结果与l02-P b细胞相比,l02-PXr细胞nr1I2 M rnA和PXr蛋白显著上调(均P<0.001)。Afb1显著地诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr细胞中CyP3A4 M rnA上调(均P<0.05),在l02-PXr细胞中的效应更为明显。与对照组相比,Afb1在5~30μMOl/l呈剂量反应关系诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr细胞的微核率增高(均P<0.05),l02-PXr细胞更为明显;同时,Afb1明显地诱导两株细胞的核芽率和核桥率,但随Afb1剂量增高都有下降趋势。细胞活性随Afb1浓度(1.875~120μMOl/l)增加呈剂量反应关系抑制(均P<0.05);且相对于l02-P b细胞,l02-PXr细胞对Afb1处理48 H诱导的细胞活性抑制作用更为敏感(P<0.05)。nEC-1可显著性抑制Afb1诱导的l02-PXr细胞活性抑制率(P<0.05),然而却不能降低Afb1诱导l02-P b细胞活性抑制率。此外,Afb1显著性诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr坏死性凋亡下游lC3-Ⅱ的上调(均P<0.05);且与l02-P b细胞相比,nEC-1对Afb1诱导的l02-PXr细胞活性抑制和lC3-Ⅱ上调的抑制效果更为明显(P<0.05)。结论 PXr参与Afb1诱导人肝细胞dnA损伤介导的坏死性凋亡,与PXr促进Afb1诱导CyP3A4基因上调有关。Objective To investigate the effects of pregnane X receptor(PXR) over expression on aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-induced DNA damage and necroptosis in human normal liver L02 cells.Methods The established cells models of stable transfection of over expression PXR(L02-PXR) and null vector p Babe-puro(L02-p B) were used.The background levels of NR1I2 m RNA and PXR protein, and the expression of AFB1-induced CYP3A4 m RNA and LC3-I / LC-3II protein were determined by the real time PCR(q RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.The cytokinesis-block micronucleus(CBMN)assay was adopted to evaluate the genotoxicity.The cell viability inhibition rate was determined by MTT assay, after treatment with different doses of AFB1.The inhibition models of necroptosis were established by treatment with necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1.Results The expression of NR1I2 m RNA and PXR protein in L02-PXR cells were higher than that in L02-p B cells(all P<0.001).The level of CYP3A4 m RNA was significantly up regulated in L02-p B and L02-PXR cells by treatment with AFB1(all P<0.05).Compared with control group(Ctrl), MN frequencies in L02-p B and L02-PXR cells were significantly increased by treatment with AFB1 in a dose-dependent manner(all P <0.05), especially, in L02-PXR cells.Meanwhile, NBD and NBP frequencies were significantly increased by treatment with AFB1.However, AFB1 with a higher dose induced downward trends in frequencies of NBD and NBP.Moreover, the inhibition rate of cell viability was increased after treatment with AFB1(1.875~120 μmol / L) in a dose-dependent manner(all P <0.05); specifically, the inhibitory effects of AFB1-treatment after 48 h were significantly stronger in L02-PXR cells than in L02-p B cells(P <0.05).Interestingly, necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 could inhibit AFB1-induced cell death in L02-PXR cells(P<0.05).On the contrary, Nec-1 could not prevent L02-p B cells from death by treatment with AFB1.In addition, the expression of necroptotic LC3-II, a classical marker of autophagy, was significantly increased by treatment with AFB1 in two cell lines(all P <0.05).Notably, pre-treatment with Nec-1 was able to block the inducement of necroptotic LC3-II in a more efficiently way in L02-PXR cells than in L02-p B cells(P <0.05).Conclusion PXR involved in the effect of AFB1 on necroptosis by DNA damage mediation in human liver cells;specifically, the up regulation of CYP3A4 gene may relate to the AFB1-induced DNA damage.国家自然科学基金(81172705;81072334); 广东省自然科学基金(S2011020002769); 福建省自然科学基金(2014J01372

Effects of cadmium on promoter methylation and transcriptional level of PPP2R1A gene in hepatocytes

目的分析镉染毒处理肝细胞中蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)-Aα支架亚基基因PPP2r1A启动子区甲基化状态及其转录水平的改变。方法采用永生化人正常肝l02细胞及肝细胞癌HEP g2细胞为研究对象,对其进行以下分组和处理:1低、中和高剂量氯化镉(Cd Cl2)处理组,分别予浓度为20.0、40.0和60.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H;2低、中和高剂量5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-AzA-d C)处理组,分别予浓度为2.5、5.0和10.0μMOl/l 5-AzA-d C处理48 H;3 5-AzA-d C组予浓度为5.0μMOl/l的5-AzA-d C处理48 H,Cd Cl2组予浓度为40.0μMOl/l的Cd Cl2处理24 H,(5-AzA-d C+Cd Cl2)组予浓度为5.0μMOl/l的5-AzA-d C预处理48 H后再予浓度为40.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H;4 Cd Cl2处理组予浓度为40.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H。上述4种分组均设对照组,予等体积生理氯化钠溶液或二甲基亚砜处理。经1~3处理后的细胞采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCr)检测PPP2r1A、金属硫蛋白1b(MT1b)和dnA甲基转移酶3A(dnMT3A)的MrnA转录水平(以对照组水平为1.00)。经4处理后的细胞采用亚硫酸氢盐修饰后PCr扩增PPP2r1A启动子区克隆测序检测CP g岛的甲基化情况。结果 l02细胞和HEP g2细胞中,不同剂量Cd Cl2处理组PPP2r1A MrnA转录水平随镉处理剂量增高呈剂量依赖性下降(P0.05)。结论外源化学物Cd Cl2可诱导肝细胞中PPP2r1A转录水平降低,可能与镉能够引起目的基因启动子区甲基化状态改变有关,提示PP2A亚基基因的表观遗传学调控可影响镉诱导的肝细胞功能。Objective To analyze the effects of cadmium on the promoter methylation and transcriptional level of protein phosphatase 2A( PP2A)-Aα supported subunit gene PPP2R1 A gene in hepatocytes.Methods The immortalized human fetal liver cell line L02 and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep G2 were selected as the research objects: 1 Cells were treated with low-,medium- and high-dose( 20.0,40.0 and 60.0 μmol / L) cadmium chlorid( Cd Cl2) for 24 h.2Cells were treated with low-,medium- and high-dose( 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 μmol / L) 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine( 5-Aza-d C)for 48 h.3 Cells were given 5.0 μmol / L for 48 h in 5-Aza-d C group,cells were exposed to 40.0 μmol / L Cd Cl2 for 24 h in Cd Cl2 group and cells were exposed to 40.0 μmol / L Cd Cl2 for 24 h after 48 h pretreatment of 5.0 μmol / L 5-Aza-d C in( 5-Aza-d C + Cd Cl2) group.4 Cells were treated with 40.0 μmol/L Cd Cl2 for 24 h in Cd Cl2 group.The above groups were all given the controls with the same volumes of physiological sodium chloride solution or dimethyl sulfoxide.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction( PCR) detection was used to detect the mRNA transcriptional levels of PPP2R1 A,Metallothionein 1B( MT1B),DNA methyltransferase 3A( DNMT3A) after treatments 1-3.After treatment4,cloning sequencing was used to detect the Cp G island methylation status of PPP2R1 A promoter after bisulfite sequencing PCR.Results In L02 and Hep G2 cells,the transcriptional levels of PPP2R1 A mRNA in Cd Cl2 group were decreased in a dose-dependent manner( P 0.05).Conclusion It was indicated the Cd Cl2 could lead to the transcription inhibition of PPP2R1 A,and the effect may be related with the change of its promoter methylation status.These data showed epigenetic regulation of PP2 A subunit genes may affect the function of hepatocytes exposed to cadmium.国家自然科学基金(81172705;81072334;81130052); 广东省自然科学基金重点项目(S2011020002769

Simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate ester residues in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization

开展了动物内脏中14种酞酸酯类(PAEs)环境激素残留的气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI/MS)分析方法的研究,优化与选择了动物内脏样品的前处理条件。动物内脏样品经正己烷-二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)混合提取剂超声提取、Florisil硅土固相萃取柱净化与乙酸乙酯-正己烷(体积比为2∶3)混合洗脱剂洗脱和浓缩后,以邻苯二甲酸二苯基酯(DPhP)为内标物,采用GC-EI/MS的选择离子检测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。当猪肝样品的加标浓度水平为100,200,400μg/kg时,加标回收率为60%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~10.3%。除邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯(DMEP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙氧基乙基)酯(DEEP)的方法检出限(MDL)分别为3.30μg/kg与2.25μg/kg外,其余12种PAEs的MDL均不大于1.74μg/kg;线性范围为50.0~800.0μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.9994。该分析方法已成功地应用于6种动物内脏中14种痕量PAEs残留的分析。An analytical multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate esters (PAEs) in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization (GC-EI/MS). After the optimization of different parameters such as the extraction solvent, PAEs were extracted from animal innards with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1, v/v) in an ultrasonic bath and cleaned up on a Florisil column, then were determined by GC-EI/MS in selected ion monitoring mode with diphenyl phthalate (DPhP) as internal standard. The recovery studies were performed at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg levels for each PAE, and the recoveries ranged from 60%-110% with the relative standard deviations between 0.8% and 10.3% for different PAEs. The detection limit of the method was less than 1.74 μg/kg for most of PAEs except dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) and di(2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (DEEP). The method was linear over the range of 50.0-800.0 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients larger than 0.999 4. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of 14 PAEs in six animal innards.国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630429)项目资

CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil

Three different calcium Oxide catalysts were synthesized from different precursors and characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ternperature-programmed desorption (TPD). They were used as catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), namely biodiesel. Calcium oxide front calcite (Cal(N)) showed the highest activity towards the transesterification of SBO. The transesterification activity of CaO was found to be highly related to the basicity of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of CaO greatly decreased when CaO was exposed to CO, (Raman spectroscopic Studies demonstrated that the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)(2) oil the surface of CaO when CaO was exposed to room air prevented CaO from participating in the transesterification of SBO). The degree of poisoning was highly dependent on the type of precursors with Cal(N) more resistant to CO., poisoning than CaO from aragonite (Ara(N)). Deactivated CaO catalysts could he partially regenerated. A mechanism was proposed to explain the poisoning and regenerating processes. Furthermore, whether the solid phase of CaO or dissolved CaO wits the active species in the transesterification of SBO was also investigated

Expression of Fusion Protein of Parathyroid Hormone and Transferrin N-terminal Half-molecule in Pichia pastoris

利用重叠PCR技术将PTH(parathyroidhormone,甲状旁腺激素)基因与TFN(transferrinN_terminalhalf_molecule,转铁蛋白N端半分子)基因在体外融合,融合基因克隆至真核表达载体pPIC9中,转化毕赤酵母GS115。转化子经甲醇诱导后,融合蛋白得到了表达并分泌到发酵上清液中。经SPSepharoseFF阳离子交换层析、PhenylSepharoseFastFlow疏水层析纯化获得了纯度大于95%的PTH_TFN样品。Westernblot分析及腺苷酸环化酶实验证明融合蛋白中的PTH具有与抗PTH抗体结合能力及刺激腺苷酸环化酶的活性,铁饱和实验证明融合蛋白中的TFN和单独的TFN具有相同铁结合能力。因而TFN可望作为PTH的天然运输载体。The fused gene (PTH_TFN) of parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene and transferring N_terminal half_molecule (TFN) gene was amplified by multiple PCR and inserted into pPIC9 vector. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9_PTH_TFN was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by PEG. After methanol induction, the target protein was expressed in fermentation supernatant at high level.The fused protein PTH_TFN with purity being higher than 95% was finally obtained after purification through two_step chromatography : SP Sepharose Fast Flow and Phenyl Sepharose Fast Flow.Western blot analysis and adenylate cyclase assay proved that the fused protein exhibited the bioactivity to stimulate cAMP synthesis and the ability to bind Fe ~3+ in the Fe ~3+ saturation study as the recombinant TFN did indicating that TFN could be used as the transcellar carrier of PTH.国家高技术研究与发展项目基金资助(No.2004AA215172)。~

Psychophysical attribute and the psychological effects of color: the distinctiveness of and people’s preference for banknotes design

颜色是纸币重要特征之一。相对于其他特征(数字、图案、大小等)，颜色是区分不同纸币的凸显因素(Latimer, Smith, Buckingham, McKenzie &amp; Gerstner, 2002)。理想的纸币需大众能接受、易识别(Williams &amp; Anderson, 2007；De Heij, 2008a)。然而，目前还没有纸币的大众接受度研究、颜色对纸币（澳元除外）的认知过程(如易识别性)影响的实验室研究、颜色对纸币支付和流通职能影响的研究。本论文调查人民币的大众了解程度、接受度，比较一般颜色偏好及相关理论（如锥体对比理论）在人民币色彩偏好的适用性；并基于前人颜色相关注意、知觉研究，用实验考查纸币颜色对区分和识别等认知过程的影响；进一步基于营销心理学领域的颜色影响消费的情绪二维理论(Crowley, 1993)和消费者感知和评价的理论模型(Labrecque, Patrick &amp;Milne, 2013)，考查不同颜色纸币对其面值判断、使用意愿的影响。 研究一用问卷法整群抽样调查人们对颜色的一般偏好和对人民币设计的了解程度和偏好。研究二测量人民币颜色的物理区分度并改进最容易混淆的纸币颜色，进而通过4个实验考查纸币设计的颜色(区分度)及其他维度对纸币辨别的影响。研究三用量表法、场景选择法考查不同颜色纸币对使用意愿的影响及颜色的情绪、动机、心理意义等。 研究一结论如下： 关于一般颜色偏好，（1）红色最受人们喜爱，接着依次是青色、蓝色、绿色和白色等。（2）饱和度较低、明度最高的明色最受欢迎，其次是饱和度最高的饱和色，再次是饱和度较低、明度中等的柔和色，最不喜欢饱和度较低、明度最低的暗色。（3）主成分分析提取了4个因子，验证了&ldquo;锥体对比理论&rdquo;的假设。（4）颜色偏好随增龄变化，可以用老化过程的心理变化（如颜色情绪、动机）和生物学变化（如晶状体光谱投射、基础代谢率）来解释。（5）颜色偏好有性别差异。 关于对人民币设计的了解、偏好程度：（1）人们对人民币的了解程度总体偏低。（2）人们对人民币颜色的了解程度较高（66%以上），对于其（特别是反面）图案的了解程度较低。（3）人民币颜色偏好的程度都在&ldquo;有点喜欢&rdquo;以上，人民币颜色与大众选择相当一致。（4）人民币颜色偏好与一般颜色偏好、面值大小和图案偏好皆显著相关。（5）一半以上被试认为10元和50元颜色容易混淆。（6）70%被试选择保持人民币大小不变，对其大小接受度较高。（7）人们对人民币正面图案偏好显著低于对反面图案的偏好。（8）人民币颜色、图案偏好与了解程度相关多不显著。 研究二结论：（1）颜色的物理区分度高有利于纸质版和电子版人民币的快速区分。（2）颜色的物理区分度高有利于纸币的识别或知觉。（3）纸币区分中颜色和数字的作用比其他图案细节更重要。（4）人民币正面比反面更难区分，被试区分人民币正面时更依赖数字。（5）纸币区分时的注视点控制同时包含自下而上加工和自上而下加工。（6）光照影响纸币整理时间，低光照下的整理时间稍长于高光照下的整理时间。（7）熟悉度影响纸币区分，对不熟悉纸币的区分更依赖数字，注视点更多。（8）颜色的物理区分度对应心理区分度，改变颜色的物理区分度可有效增加心理区分度。 研究三结论：（1）不同饱和色的情绪、动机、心理意义不同。（2）唤醒度高、较高贵、较重的颜色面值判断更高，被试更愿意使用愉悦度高的颜色。（3）纸币颜色对使用意愿的影响满足消费者颜色感知和评价的认知中介模型假设。 综合三项研究的2个调查、6个实验，本研究的主要结论有：（1）人民币的大众接受度总体较高。对人民币的颜色偏好既与一般颜色偏好相关，也与面值大小相关。颜色偏好还与图案偏好显著相关。（2）一般颜色偏好方面，红色、青色和蓝色最受人们喜爱，明色是人们最喜欢的饱和度-明度水平，最不喜欢的是暗色。颜色偏好有年龄和性别差异。（3）颜色的物理区分度高有利于纸币的识别或知觉。纸币区分中颜色和数字的作用比其他图案细节更重要，纸币区分的注视点控制同时包含自下而上的加工和自上而下的加工。光照、熟悉度也会影响纸币区分。因此改变颜色的物理区分度是增加心理区分度的行之有效的手段和方法。（4）不同饱和色的情绪、动机和心理意义不同。人们对唤醒度高、高贵、重的颜色纸币的面值判断更高，被试更愿意使用愉悦度高颜色的纸币。纸币颜色对使用意愿的影响基本符合消费者颜色感知和评价模型。本研究为中国人颜色偏好、人民币的设计、纸币认知加工机制、颜色与纸币使用关系机制等提供实证参考依据和建议，并填补了相关研究的空白。<br /

长寿心理商数的定义与测量

我国人口长寿水平的地域分布不平衡. 中国老年学学会自2007年在全国范围内评比"中国长寿之乡",该活动既有学术价值,对于如何应对老龄化、并最终达到延年益寿的健康老龄化目标亦有重要的指导意义〔1〕. 世界卫生组织( 1992 )曾宣布,每个人是否健康长寿,60%取决于自己,15%取决于遗传因素. 成功老龄化和存活率差异不取决于单一因素,而受生物、社会、心理因素的共同影响. 社会/心理变量比身体因素能够更好地预测长寿

Predicting Longevity:Related Psychological, Biological and Social Factors

很多研究表明老年人的存活率差异是生物、社会、心理因素共同作用的结果。分子生物学证据表明, FOXO3A和ApoE等染色体基因、线粒体基因、端粒长度都与长寿有关,这些遗传因素与应激等心理行为因素对长寿有交互作用。心理学研究则表明尽责性、控制感等人格因素通过外在行为、应激-应对和自我治愈人格特质三种途径预测长寿,同时积极情绪、老化态度、应对方式及健康行为也与长寿有关。本文还阐述了社会支持、婚姻、友情等影响长寿的社会因素。目前,遗传基因、积极情绪、宗教信仰等因素对长寿的影响及其机制尚不清楚,但寿命相关因素研究可总结为&ldquo;命缘神授虔且敬,寿因人择健而康&rdquo;。最后,本文重点论述了目前长寿研究的不足和未来研究方向,比如加强整合研究、采用短期序列设计、增加跨文化研究证据等。</p