The Pension System of “Double Track” Reform From The Perspective of The Protection of Basic Rights

当前，我国养老金制度实行“双轨制”：即企业职工养老金执行社会养老保险制度，公务员退休养老金则由政府财政完全负担。纵观近年来国内养老金“双轨制”问题的有关研究，一方面，多从社会学或经济学方向入手，而从法学角度予以关注的廖若可数；另一方面，以往研究多从企业职工利益的出发，片面比较企业职工相对于公务员在养老金制度上劣势，解析出公务员在养老金“双轨制”中的得益，鲜有从保障退出国家机关的“前公务员”群体基本权利的角度出发，分析“双轨制”在“前公务员”职业变动时所造成的影响。其实，公务员光鲜亮丽的职业外表下蕴藏着巨大的职业风险和社会危机——一旦公务员在离开国家机关后，将面临“体制内”养老保障无法与“体制外...At present,Chinese pension system is“double track”：namely pension of the enterprise workers excute the social endowment insurance system,or pension of the civil service retirement is burden by the government completely. Review the domestic research on the “double track” of pension system in recent years：on the one hand,the more research of the pension is from the angle of sociology or economics,bu...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200812014

Screening of priority-control organic pollutants in coastal water in China

针对当前我国海洋环境中有机污染现状和监测评价的需求,本文借鉴国内外研究经验,以我国近岸海域有机污染物的环境分布浓度、污染物的急慢性毒性和理化性质为评价赋值指标,建立了基于环境暴露指数和环境效应指数为基础的优先控制有机污染物定量筛选方法。利用本筛选方法,尝试性的提出了我国近岸海域优先控制有机污染物名单,以此为海洋管理部门在有机污染物排放控制和监测管理方面提供参考。In view of the demand on environmental monitoring and assessment and the pollution status of organic compounds in marine environment of China,an approach to screen and evaluate the priority-control organic pollutants of marine environment was proposed on the base of studying the relative methods and achievements.In the approach,the novel assessment indices "the environmental exposure index and environmental effect index" were established for calculating the integrated environmental risk index,those indices involved a series of parameters including environmental concentrations,acute and chronic toxicity data,and physicochemical property of organic compounds.Finally,in order to evaluate this approach,the monitoring data and toxicity data of compounds were used to tentatively propose the lists of priority-control organic pollutants in coastal water in China.We wish that present results list may help to evaluate hazard potential of organic pollutants and to provide a guidance for marine environment management.国家“863”重点项目(2007AA09Z126);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境质量重点实验室开放基金(200712);海洋公益性行业科研专项(No.200805090

Eco-region pattern delineated for coast of the Bohai Sea Bay Region

随着经济发展和人类活动不断增加,自然生态系统受到越来越多的人为扰动,生态分区作为识别各类生态问题及问题溯源的有效工具被各国广泛应用。本研究基于大量的资料调查,在ArCgIS 9.3软件环境下,利用层次分析模型对环渤海近岸和海域的空间数据进行处理与分析,实现了渤海近岸陆域、海域和近岸以外海域的生态分区。并进一步采用环境质量指数法对所划分的7个海区进行了验证,验证结果表明本研究基本合理。研究结果可望为渤海生态系统管理保护提供参考依据。With the development of economic growth and intensity of human activities,the natural ecological system is more and more disturbed by the human beings,thus eco-regionalizing has been widely recognized as a vital tool for identifying the ecological problems and tracing the source of problems.In this study,extensive data in question was collected and spatial data was processed and analyzed under the ArcGIS environment,thereafter the eco-region pattern for coast of the Bohai Sea Bay Region was delineated using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The environmental quality index was further used to verify the eco-region pattern delineated in this study.Hopefully,the findings of this study could provide the scientific basis and reference for ecosystem-based management of the Bohai Sea Bay Region.国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005008-1); 国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金(201005

一种利用荧光检测微囊藻细胞DNA损伤的方法

本发明公开一种利用荧光检测微囊藻细胞DNA损伤的方法，其步骤：（a）将待检测样品和对照样品均分别平均分成三小组；（b）去除细胞角质鞘：离心收集样品中藻细胞并重悬浮于SE缓冲液中洗涤；（c）细胞裂解：将细胞分别重悬浮于Lysis裂解液，加入蛋白酶K和十二烷基磺酸钠，使细胞裂解；（d）细胞DNA链解旋：改变pH，使T、P和B样品在不同条件下解旋；（e）染色：分别向以上T、P和B样品中加入Hoechest 33258染色；（f）荧光测定：离心后于荧光检测器中检测上清液的荧光强度；（g）结果计算：根据待测样品和对照样品中T、B和P样品的荧光来计算DNA链的断裂水平。本方法易于掌握，并且灵敏度高，DNA链上单个断裂位点即可检测到。</p

In situ dynamic tracking of heterogeneous nanocatalytic processes by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

原位监测纳米催化反应过程对深入认识反应机理、设计高效催化剂具有重要意义。作为一种具有超高灵敏度的表面分析技术，表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是可提供反应过程中催化剂表面吸附物种的丰富信息。然而，仅有Au、Ag、Cu等少数金属在形成特定纳米结构时才能提供较强的拉曼增强，且它们会对催化剂的性质及反应过程产生严重干扰。这就极大地限制了SERS在实际多相催化体系中的应用。鉴于此，该论文发展了一种利用壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱原位监测纳米催化过程的方法。通过将纳米催化剂组装于壳层隔绝纳米粒子表面，形成SHIENRS卫星结构，利用内核Au纳米粒子增强催化剂表面的拉曼信号，SiO2壳层隔绝Au对催化剂及反应的影响，从而直接获得了纳米催化剂表面物种的真实信息。利用这种SHINERS卫星策略，他们实现了CO氧化反应的原位监测，直接观测到了反应条件下催化剂表面吸附物种。并结合DFT计算，对反应机理进行了阐述。该研究表明SHINERS卫星策略可作为原位跟踪催化反应过程的有效方法，为纳米催化的原位研究提供了一种新的思路。 同时，我校也将在今年12月5-9日举办表面增强拉曼光谱国际会议(International Conference on SERS)，讨论SERS领域的最新进展。会议期间，SERS领域的先驱与权威Richard P. Van Duyne、Martin Moskovits、Andreas Otto以及相关学科的顶级学者Peter G. Bruce、Stefan A. Maier等将作大会报告（会议官方网站http://sers2017.xmu.edu.cn/）。【Abstract】Surface molecular information acquired in situ from a catalytic process can greatly promote the rational design of highly efficient catalysts by revealing structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms. Raman spectroscopy can provide this rich structural information, but normal Raman is not sensitive enough to detect trace active species adsorbed on the surface of catalysts. Here we develop a general method for in situ monitoring of heterogeneous catalytic processes through shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) satellite nanocomposites (Au-core silica-shell nanocatalyst-satellite structures), which are stable and have extremely high surface Raman sensitivity. By combining operando SHINERS with density functional theory calculations, we identify the working mechanisms for CO oxidation over PtFe and Pd nanocatalysts, which are typical low- and high-temperature catalysts, respectively. Active species, such as surface oxides, superoxide/peroxide species and Pd–C/Pt–C bonds are directly observed during the reactions. We demonstrate that in situ SHINERS can provide a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of catalysis.This work was supported by the NSFC (21522508, 21427813, 21373167, 21521004, 21573178 and 21673187), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030308012), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720150039 and 20720160046), ‘111’Project (B16029), and the Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China。 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金、谱学分析创新研究群体和青年千人计划等资助

Constraint of a ruthenium-carbon triple bond to a five-membered ring

含过渡金属碳三键(M≡C)的金属卡拜化合物是许多有机反应的催化剂或关键中间体。对其合成及性质的研究是金属有机化学的热点之一。由于卡拜碳的sp杂化方式，大部分金属卡拜化合物均为链状结构（卡拜碳键角理想值为180 °），环内金属卡拜化合物因存在很大的环张力而难于合成。夏海平教授课题组发展了由链状多炔（称之为碳龙）构筑碳龙配合物的高效方法（Nature Communications, 2017, 8, 1912），实现了锇杂戊搭炔/烯及其衍生物的一锅法合成。现在，他们把该方法进一步拓展到了第二过渡系金属钌，通过碳龙与市售的RuCl2(PPh3)3反应一锅合成了钌杂戊搭炔I。本研究是碳龙化学的进一步延伸和发展，首次把碳龙化学的金属中心由锇拓展到了其它金属，展示了碳龙化学广阔的发展空间。该研究工作在夏海平教授指导下完成，能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）博士后卓庆德和张弘副教授为共同第一作者。iChEM博士后周小茜、博士生陈志昕、林剑锋、卓凯玥、硕士康慧君、林鑫磊参与了部分实验工作。博士生华煜晖负责理论计算。【Abstract】The incorporation of a metal-carbon triple bond into a ring system is challenging because of the linear nature of triple bonds. To date, the synthesis of these complexes has been limited to those containing third-row transition metal centers, namely, osmium and rhenium. We report the synthesis and full characterization of the first cyclic metal carbyne complex with a second-row transition metal center, ruthenapentalyne. It shows a bond angle of 130.2(3)° around the sp-hybridized carbyne carbon, which represents the recorded smallest angle of second-row transition metal carbyne complexes, as it deviates nearly 50° from the original angle (180°). Density functional theory calculations suggest that the inherent aromatic nature of these metallacycles with bent Ru≡C–C moieties enhances their stability. Reactivity studies showed striking observations, such as ambiphilic reactivity, a metal-carbon triple bond shift, and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with alkyne and cascade cyclization reactions with ambident nucleophiles.This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21490573,21332002, and 21561162001). 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金项目（21490573、21332002 和21561162001）和国家重点研发计划（2017YFA0204902）的资助

In situ Raman spectroscopic evidence for oxygen reduction reaction intermediates at platinum single crystal surfaces

铂基催化剂表面的氧还原反应（ORR）是燃料电池重最重要的阴极反应。虽然经过几十年的研究，ORR的具体反应路径并没有真正解析清楚。在本研究中，李剑锋教授课题组首次利用其发展的电化学壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（SHINERS）技术原位研究了Pt(hkl)单晶表面的ORR反应过程，成功捕获到在1150 cm-1、1080 cm-1和732 cm-1区域O2-、OH*和HO2*等重要反应中间物种的直接拉曼光谱证据，并通过相应的同位素取代实验（氘和O-18同位素实验）及DFT理论模拟确认了中间物种的谱峰归属和吸附构型。总的来说，该项研究首次在Pt(hkl)单晶表面原位获得ORR反应重要中间物种的直接拉曼光谱证据，提出合理的ORR反应路径，加深了人们对ORR反应机理的认识，也为其他界面催化反应机理的研究提供了一条可行的研究思路。 该研究工作由校内外多个课题组共同努力完成，化学化工学院李剑锋教授课题组负责相关电化学原位拉曼光谱实验，Alicante大学Juan Feliu教授课题组负责单晶电化学实验，化学化工学院吴德印教授课题组负责DFT理论模拟，物理系杨志林教授课题组负责3D-FDTD的理论模拟。该研究工作的第一作者董金超和第二作者张霞光分别为化学化工学院2014级博士生（已毕业）和2015级博士生。【Abstract】Developing an understanding of structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms of catalytic processes is critical to the successful design of highly efficient catalysts. As a fundamental reaction in fuel cells, elucidation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism at Pt(hkl) surfaces has remained a significant challenge for researchers. Here, we employ in situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation techniques to examine the ORR process at Pt(hkl) surfaces. Direct spectroscopic evidences for ORR intermediates indicates that under acid conditions, the pathway of ORR at Pt(111) occurs through the formation of HO2, while at Pt(110) and Pt(100) it occurs via the generation of OH*. However, we propose that the pathway of ORR under alkaline conditions at Pt(hkl) surfaces mainly occurs through the formation of O2- . Significantly, these results demonstrate that the SERS technique offers an effective and reliable way for real-time investigation of catalytic processes at atomically flat surfaces.This work was supported by the NSFC (21522508, 21427813, 21521004, 21533006, 21621091,and 21775127), "111" Project (B16029 and B17027), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030308012), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720180037), and the Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China. Support from MINECO and Generalitat Valenciana (Spain), through projects CTQ2016-76221-P (AEI/FEDER, UE) and PROMETEOII/2014/013 respectively, is greatly acknowledged. V.B.M thankfully acknowledges to MINECO the award of a pre-doctoral grant (BES-2014-068176, project CTQ2013-44803-P). 该研究工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21522508、21427813、21521004、21533006、21621091和21775127）的大力资助和支持。化学化工学院周志有教授、程俊教授，材料学院张华副教授，英国利物浦大学Gary Attard教授，以及化学化工学院苏敏、王耀辉、卢邦安等博士生和杨晓冬博士对本课题的研究给予了大力的支持和帮助

第十八届美国理论与应用力学大会总结

1会议概况2018年6月5—9日,第18届美国理论与应用力学大会(18th U.S. National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, USNCTAM2018)在美国芝加哥召开.本次大会由美国力学国家委员会和中国力学学会联合主办,旨在探讨和交流近四年世界范围内在理论和应用力学领域的基础研究、创新技术的最新进展,吸引了来自世界各地的近千名专家学

行星轮系早期故障诊断的研究与进展

行星轮系是重要的旋转机械部件，对其早期故障进行诊断是避免重大事故发生的重要手段。行星轮系早期故障诊断已经成为学者研究的焦点。分析了行星轮系早期故障信号的特点，梳理了行星轮系早期故障机理、信号获取方法、故障特征提取与识别的研究现状；归纳总结了早期故障诊断研究存在的主要问题，提出了开展基于动力学模型的早期复合故障机理研究、基于多传感器的早期故障信号获取方法研究、基于多域分析的早期故障特征指标研究、基于数值模型驱动的早期故障诊断研究等方面的建议；为进一步开展行星轮系早期故障诊断的研究提供依据

基于多级结构原理的独立微电网控制系统

在分析当前微电网发展现状的基础上,提出一种基于多级结构原理构建的独立微电网系统,可应用于无大电网覆盖的海岛、沙漠、偏远山区等地区.论述这种系统的网络拓扑结构及其特点,以某海岛为对象,构建了一个三级风/光/柴/蓄兆瓦级独立微电网系统,阐述该多级独立微电网的调度控制策略中关于多级控制方法、能量调度控制流程及多目标协调控制的关键技术,并应用实时监控与数据采集(SCADA)及调配一体化技术,设计了该微电网及其控制系统的总体结构及功能