〔報文〕旧日向別邸ブルーノ・タウト「熱海の家」の虫害調査―フルホンシバンムシ（Gastrallussp.）による木材の被害例について―

A possibility of insect damage became obvious in a historic house, Hyuga-bettei, in Atami city, Shizuoka prefecture. The structure had been designated as an important cultural property. It has a beautiful underground structure designed by a German architect, Bruno Tauto, and it is built on a steep cliff facing the Pacific Ocean. In a hall in the underground structure, paulownia and bamboo are used for the delicate decorations on the walls. But from the early summer of 2006, the staff noticed manysmall holes on such wooden parts and powder coming out from these holes. In August 2006, we did an inspection of the damage. Several dead adult insects of a book borer anobiid Gastrallus sp. were found with the powder from the insect holes. The damage seemed active as such powder was continuously coming out. We conducted surveys of the whole structure and found an old wooden phonograph surrounded by dead insects in a storage adjacent to the hall. The wooden phonograph was significantly infested by Gastrallus sp. It had also rotten in humid condition. As it was placed just on the backside wall of the heavily infested wall in the hall, it might have been a cause of infestation of the wooden parts of the hall and other chambers. Removal of the wooden phonograph and extensive cleaning and ventilation in the storage was advised. Also fumigation or residual insecticide treatments to the infested parts was necessary. The book borer anobiid Gastrallus sp. is a very common insect pest of books in Japan, but few examples are known in which they have infested wooden objects. So we report this example as a rare case of such infestation

〔報告〕栃木県日光山内、中宮祠、中禅寺の歴史的建造物を対象とした捕虫テープによる広域虫害調査について

A very rare anobiid species in Japan, Priobium cylindricum, was found by chance in the restoration work of the Sambutsu-do of Rinnohji temple in 2008. Severe damage was found in some structural wooden pieces of the temple. The damage seemed to have rare characteristics: very severe damage in hard (heart) wood, parts extensively damaged to a powdery state and many holes of various sizes. However, damage was not clear by observation from the outside of the structure, especially when seen from the red painted layer of urushi. To know the possibility of the same kind of infestation at a building close by and other structures, survey using adhesive tapes (fly catcher ribbons) were performed to see adult insect emergence in the warm season,from June to August. Since such surveys turned out to be useful for seeing a possibility of damage by such woodboring anobiids, a large-scale survey with an extensive number of adhesive tapes (about 27,000 of fly catcher ribbons) was conducted at about 70 historic buildings in Nikko World Heritage site, from the end of April to August, 2010. In this report, the actual strategy of the trapping is shown: The adhesive ribbons were set by experienced carpenters inside the buildings, on the lofts and under floors where the traps do not disturb tourists in the buildings and where, for insects, it is usually dark and undisturbed. Such methods turned out to be very effective in looking at possbile damage by wood-boring anobiids, about which quite little information exists. This survey also provides information on the rare wood boring anobiids which will be useful in considering countermeasures to the insects

〔報告〕日光の歴史的建造物において捕虫テープ（ハエ取り紙）に捕獲された甲虫の集計方法と調査結果

Severe damage was found in some structural wooden pieces of Sambutsu-do in Rinnohji temple, Nikko (World Heritage) during restoration work in 2008. It is extremely important to know the present situation to make a plan for restoration and to propose preventive methods for insect damage. To know the approximate number of insects in the structure, surveys with adhesive traps (fly catcher ribbons) were conducted in 2009 to see adult insect emergence in two historic buildings in the temple. Large-scale survey in historic buildings in Nikko was conducted in 2010 as adhesive traps were proven effective to know the number and species of insects. Priobium cylingricum, Trichodesma japonicum and Sculptotheca hilleri were trapped by adhesive tapes in 2009. About 27,000 adhesive traps were used for surveys in the loft and basement space of 72 historic buildings in 2010. Hadrobregmus pertinax and Oligomerus japonicus, which were not found in the previous year, were also found in 2010. It is not clear how much these anobiid beetles have been involved in the damage to wooden structures. However, since they have been detected, surveys should be conducted to know the levels of damage they have caused. The large-scale survey conducted in 2010 to know the entire condition in Nikko was a great achievement

〔報告〕日光の歴史的建造物における捕虫テープに捕獲された甲虫の建物内分布の解析と考察

A survey was conducted in some historic buildings in Nikko in 2009 using adhesive traps to clarify insect species that cause damage on historic buildings. Some characteristic species of Anobiidae were found as timber pests. Priobium cylingricum was trapped at Sambutsu-do of Rinnohji temple while Trichodesma japonicum and Sculptotheca hilleri were trapped at Daiyu-in Nitenmon. Large-scale survey in historic buildings in Nikko was conducted in 2010. About 27,000 adhesive traps were used for surveys in the loft and basement space of 72 historic wooden buildings. As a result,reality of living conditions of the Anobiids that can harm the buildings in the whole area was revealed. Hadrobregmus pertinax and Oligomerus japonicus, which were not found in the previous year, were also found in 2010. It is assumed that Anobiidae inhabit the entire Nikko area. The distribution of pests in some major buildings have been scrutinized by previous large-scale survey data. As a result, some correspondences have been found with the results of visual survey of damage to building materials. Interesting ecological characteristics of wood-boring beetles were shown from the data, including light attraction. Those data can be useful for future treatments such as fumigation,as well as for restoration and conservation

〔報告〕日光の歴史的建造物で採取した虫糞調査：シバンムシ科甲虫各種間の虫糞形状比較

Since life period of adult Anobiidae is short in general,it is difficult to find live adults during visual survey on site. However,holes and insect feces can sometimes give information of activity and probable species. Feces of major wood-boring insects were collected in the large-scale survey of historic buildings in Nikko conducted in 2010. Five species of Anobiidae were found in the survey: Priobium cylindricum, Trichodesma japonicum, Sculptotheca hilleri, Hadrobregmus pertinax and Oligomerus japonicus. Insect feces of 4 of these species were collected from damaged wood and observed. It was found that feces of Priobium cylindricum and those of Hadrobregmus pertinax are similar and they appear powdery to the naked eye but a closer look reveals them to be irregular in shape. Feces of Trichodesma japonicum are very similar to feces of Nicobium hirtum, but generally bigger in size. Feces of Sculptotheca hilleri also appear powdery to the naked eye, and when they were observed under a microscope it was found that many were globular shaped. As feces of Sculptotheca hilleri have characteristic shape and size when compared with those of other species of Anobiidae,it is likely to identify them from feces alone. Information other than those of feces, such as the sizes of holes and distribution of insects, need to be taken into consideration when making more precise identification although insect feces can provide good clues for insect identification

姿勢・歩行速度の無拘束同時計測法に関する基礎的検討

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科知的システム創成金沢大学工学部The measurement of physical activity is one of key subjects in fields like rehabilitation and gerontology. Moreover, ambulatory monitoring of changes in human posture in daily life will provide useful information for evaluating results obtained by Holter-type ECGs or ambulatory blood pressure monitors. From this viewpoint, several instruments have been developed which can estimate physical activity in daily life. For example, the Actigraph is a wrist-worn commercially available activity monitor that measures the movement of the subject\u27s hand, and has been widely used for evaluating sleeping disorder. Another example is a system that measures acceleration of the thigh or waist using an accelerometer or gyroscope for rough estimation of a subject\u27s behavior during daily life. However, these instruments have limitations for detailed analysis of posture change and cannot be used for the simultaneous measurement of walking speed, which is a useful index for evaluating the independence of elderly individuals. Taking these factors into consideration, we developed a new sensor system that accurately measures human posture together with walking speed. The system is composed of three accelerometers and one gyroscope. The accelerometers are for posture measurement, and are attached to the subject\u27s waist, thigh and leg, respectively, so as to measure the angle in terms of gravitational direction of each part. The gyroscope measures the change in thigh angle when walking in order to estimate walking speed. The accuracy of the system for posture and walking speed measurements was experimentally evaluated using ten healthy male subjects. According to the results, it was clearly demonstrated that, using the system, human posture in the sagittal plane (±180deg) and walking speed (0.2 m/s-2.0m/s) can be measured with reasonable accuracy, and that the system is a useful means for analyzing human activity during daily life

〔報告〕日光の歴史的建造物における木材害虫・シバンムシ類の効果的な捕獲方法の検討

In the extensive insect trapping surveys in 2009 and 2010,several wood-boring Anobiids were captured in historic buildings in Nikko World Heritage area. Among them,Priobium cylindricum was the major and the severest deteriogen of Sambutsu-do of Rinnohji temple,and Trichodesma japonicum was the major wood-boring insect affecting Nitenmon of the temple. Together with insect monitoring using adhesive tapes, this year (2011) effects of lightening and pyrethroid vapor were tested. Regarding Priobium cylindricum, the adult beetles were strongly attracted to the adhesive tapes lit up with LED lights or by sun light. Also, adult beetles of Trichodesma japonicum were captured or found around the area where slight beams of sunlight came infrom outside through gaps on doors. Therefore, adult beetles of these species are thought to be effectively captured by light attraction. Vaporized pyrethroid (profluthrin)was applied at Nitenmon and the circumstance was compared with the one at another building (Ro-mon of Takino-o-jinja of Futarasan-jinja) where no chemical was applied. In a laboratory observation, pyrethroid vapor was effective on an adult beetle of Trichodesma japonicum; the beetle was knocked down in a glass jar containing a small piece of pyrethroid-impregnated paper. But there were not very obvious knock-down effects on insects on site,probably because of the high ventilation rate of the wooden historic building