磷酸盐氧同位素在有机磷降解研究中的应用

磷的有机化合物广泛分布于土壤和水体中,发挥着重要作用的同时,也给环境带来潜在的污染。研究有机磷化合物的磷循环过程对于防控磷的污染有着重要作用。磷酸盐中的氧同位素作为一种地球化学的示踪剂,近年来被广泛应用于研究磷在自然界中的循环过程。本文总结了磷酸盐中氧同位素的应用原理以及其在有机磷降解和溯源方面的应用,并在此基础上展望本领域下一步的工作重点。中国国家自然科学基金(41173113);;中国环保部公益项目(201509049

陕南石煤砷的赋存形态研究

研究石煤砷的赋存形态,有助于评价石煤砷向环境中释放的程度和能力,本文利用连续化学浸提法对陕南石煤砷进行连续浸提,并以贵州兴仁地区无烟煤进行对照.结果表明,石煤砷主要以硫化物结合态存在,石煤中有机结合态砷要高于贵州兴仁地区的无烟煤

稀土元素的环境生物地球化学循环研究现状

本文对稀土元素在农用领域的研究进展及其在土壤、水体和植物中的分布、迁移与归宿特征作一系统总结,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了简要的说明。随着自然和人为因素造成的环境中稀土元素的增加,进而产生对生态环境和人类健康的影响,已引起全社会的关注。土壤中稀土元素的存在形态是生态环境效应和生物利用性的的重要参量。目前的实验结果在不同地区和不同土壤剖面中稀土元素的存在形态不尽相同,推测主要与其母质的组成及所处气候等环境条件相关。最近国际上已对稀土元素的水化学过程进行了较广泛的研究,水体中稀土分布受水体的化学参量(如pH,有机质等)和水化学过程影响,含量高低与人为活动有直接关系。植物中稀土元素的分布通常与土壤中稀土的含量多少相一致,在外施稀土的条件下,在施用后短期内稀土在各器官分布与施用部位密切相关,目前对植物体内稀土元素存在位置和赋存状态的实验结果差别明显,对植物中稀土元素的超富集机理不清等问题尚待进一步探究

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies