Matrine Induces Apoptosis of Hep G2 Cells via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

目的探讨苦参碱通过线粒体通路诱导HEP g2发生凋亡的机制。方法分别采用MTT法、PI染色法、流式细胞术检测苦参碱对肝癌HEP g2细胞的增殖抑制、周期调控、诱导凋亡作用;采用WESTErn blOT检测苦参碱诱导肝癌HEP g2细胞抑凋亡蛋白bId、bCl-2的表达量。结果苦参碱可抑制HEP g2细胞的增殖作用和诱导凋亡,呈时间和剂量依赖性,并可将HEP g2细胞周期阻滞在g0/g1期。苦参碱可引起线粒体膜电位崩溃,同时诱导bId、bCl-2表达下调,bAX表达上调。结论苦参碱通过调节细胞内bId、bCl-2和bAX蛋白的表达,经线粒体信号转导途径诱导人肝癌细胞系HEP g2发生凋亡。Objective To explore the mechanism of matrine inducing apoptosis of Hep G2 cells via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.Methods MTT assay,PI staining,flow cytometry were used to evaluate the anti-proliferation,cell cycle regulation,and inducing apoptosis effects of matrine on Hep G2 cells.Western Blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bid and Bcl-2 in Hep G2 cells.Results Matrine could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Hep G2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner,and the cell cycle of Hep G2 was arrested in G0 / G1 phase.Apoptosis of Hep G2 cells induced by matrine was associated with collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential,which made the Bid and Bcl-2 expression levels down-regulated but the Bax expression level up-regulated.Conclusion Matrine induces the apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by regulating the expression levels of Bid,Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.国家自然科学基金资助项目(81172284); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010J0615

苯硫酚对固氮酶催化活性的影响

研究了苯硫酚对棕色固氮菌固氮酶催化底物还原活性的影响。结果表明:当反应体系中固氮酶钼铁蛋白与苯硫酚的摩尔比为1:4时,固氮酶的乙炔还原活性比对照组下降了62.3％,下降的幅度随着苯硫酚浓度的升高而增大;但在乙炔存在的情况下,固氮酶的放H_2活性随着苯硫酚的浓度的升高而升高。在氩气氛下,苯硫酚浓度的升高对固氮酶放H_2活性的影响不明显。这一现象有可能是由于苯硫酚取代与铁钼辅基的Fe_1原子连接的半胱氨酸的巯基而引起的

熔锥光纤倏逝场作用石墨烯双波长锁模掺镱光纤激光器

报道了利用熔锥光纤石墨烯饱和吸收体实现1μm波段的双波长锁模掺镱光纤激光器(YDFL)。利用光学诱导沉积法,将水溶液中的石墨烯纳米复合物在光倏逝场的作用下沉积至熔锥光纤的锥腰部位。该石墨烯熔锥光纤器件作为可饱和吸收锁模部件具有制作灵活、全光纤结构以及高损伤阈值等优点。基于该器件的可饱和吸收及腔内双折射滤波特性,通过调节偏振控制器优化激光腔内偏振特性,实现了稳定的YDFL双波长锁模。该激光器的两个锁模波长分别为1034.77nm和1038.85nm,二次谐波锁模重复频率为1.09MHz,腔内单脉冲能量最大可达35nJ

钼酸盐柠檬酸盐络合物及有机酸对棕色固氮菌生长的影响

将经过0.9%NaCl溶液处理8h的棕色固氮菌(AzotobactervinelandiiOP)作为菌种分别接入Burk′s培养基和用不同有机酸替代柠檬酸三钠或用不同等摩尔的钼络合物替代钼酸钠的各种改良的Burk′s培养基中,分别测定菌体生长曲线和固氮活性.结果发现,与Burk′s培养基相比,以高柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸替代柠檬酸三钠或以K6[Mo2O5(cit)2]·5H2O、K4[Mo2O5(Hcit)2]·4H2O和Na2[MoO2(Hcit)]·3H2O替代柠檬酸三钠和钼酸钠的培养基能促进菌体的生长;以乙醇酸替代柠檬酸三钠的培养基则会抑制固氮菌的生长;各种培养条件下菌体细胞的C2H2还原活性表现了类似的规律.讨论了固氮酶活性中心FeMoco在装配过程中钼的可能运输方式和装配机理

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

《金光明經》文學特質之研究

本論文以敘事學角度進行佛經文本分析，藉由對《金光明經》敘事結構、表現形式及其話語的把握，釐清此經之文學特質，並凸顯佛經獨特的敘事性。 第一章 緒論：指出本研究之動機與目的、前人研究成果探討、研究範圍方法與步驟，並說明本研究之架構。 第二章《金光明經》的成立與傳譯：根據學者研究，《金光明經》約於西元三、四世紀間成立，並於北涼玄始年間（A.D.412-427）由曇無讖翻譯傳入中國後，經過多次傳譯。自隋唐至宋代，《金光明經》在中國佛教中頗受重視，尤其是天台宗對此經更多所發揮，直至明代都尚有天台僧人為此經注疏。 第三章《金光明經》之敘事結構為「一鼎三足」的結構：全經以「永恆光明的佛陀觀」作為主軸，崇敬讚美佛陀的信仰內涵迴旋反覆出現，成為貫穿整部經文的主旋律。「普會貫通大小乘思想要義」、「弘揚天神天女信仰」、「強調最勝的世間 / 解脫雙重性利益」則成為主軸之下的三個輔軸，架構起全部經的敘事內容，由此開展出兼顧此岸/彼岸、世間/解脫、理/事圓融的信仰內涵。 第四章《金光明經》之敘事形式：運用敘事學的觀點分析經文的敘事形式形式，著重在探究《金光明經》敘事手段與技巧的運用。首先論述其全知視角的運用，其次分析此經「系列劇式」的敘事情節，藉由眾神的聚會組成一幕幕如序列劇般的敘事模式。最後，探討此經時間與空間敘事的幻化多變的特點。 第五章《金光明經》之敘事話語：首先分析其語言表達方式，探究此經韻散結合的表述形式，以及運用對話、套語的表現手法；再者，分析此經修辭特色，如何在各種修辭法的交互運用下，使經文別具節奏旋律之美。最後探討形象化的文學語言，以意象分析為主，討論經中「光明」、「金鼓」以及「如意寶珠」等鮮明意象所顯露之特色與宗教意義。 第六章 結論：最後指出《金光明經》的文學價值在於（一）別具匠心的藝術結構：「一鼎三足」的敘事結構開展理（宗教理論）/事（信仰/儀式）圓融的信仰內涵；（二）靈活彈性的佛經文學形式：富有彈性的敘事形式－承載深刻佛理奧義和多元的天神信仰內容；（三）創造性模擬的藝術語言：優美生動的敘事話語－展現佛經特有的話語世界。最後考察《金光明經》在中國的流傳，「護國」與「懺悔滅罪護國」二個主題發揮很大的作用，於是此經屢次作為鎮護國家的經典，而受皇室重視；另一方面，它又是懺悔滅罪的盛典，而廣為世人接受

[[alternative]]Related Factors of Learning Engagement for Junior High School Students--Taking Mathematics as an Example

[[abstract]]　　本研究之主題為國中生學習投入之相關因素探討──以數學科為例，旨在探討國中生所知覺到的教師自主支持、基本心理需求（自主性、勝任感及聯繫感）、自主動機、學習投入對學業成就之影響。根據研究之目的，本研究針對台灣地區111學年度11所公立國中之八年級學生為母群體，採分層叢集抽樣方式，進行問卷調查，其有效樣本數為515人。本研究所採用之研究工具包含「教師自主支持」、「基本心理需求」、「自主動機」、「學習投入」，以及「學業成就」等五種量表。本研究以結構方程模式（SEM）進行分析與處理，以檢驗模型整體的適配度情形與變項間的關連性。最後，本研究之研究結果如下：一、國中生所知覺到的教師自主支持對基本心理需求（自主性、勝任感及聯繫感）具有正向且直接之影響效果。二、國中生的自主性之基本心理需求對自主動機無顯著效果；而勝任感與聯繫感對自主動機則具有正向且直接之影響效果。三、國中生的自主動機對學習投入具有正向且直接之影響效果。四、國中生的學習投入對學業成就具有正向且直接之影響效果。　　本研究根據上述研究結果作探討與建議，以供教師或領域相關之人員及未來研究參考。[[abstract]]　　This study aims to explore the effects of teachers' autonomous support, basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), autonomous motivation, and learning engagement on academic achievement. The stratified cluster sampling was used in this study, and the effective sample size was 515 eighth grade students. They were recruited form 11 public junior high schools in Taiwan. The research instruments used in this study included “teachers' autonomous support scale”, “basic psychological needs scale”, “autonomous motivation scale”, “learning engagement scale”, and “academic achievement”. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for analysis and processing to test the overall fitness of the model and the relationship between variables.　　The findings of this study are as follows:1. Teachers' autonomous support has a positive and direct effect on basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness).2. The effect of the autonomy on autonomous motivation was not significant; however, the competence and relatedness have positive and direct effects on autonomous motivation.3. The autonomous motivation has a positive and direct effect on learning engagement.4. The learning engagement has a positive and direct effect on academic achievement.　　Based on the above research results, this study discusses and makes suggestions for reference by teachers or related personnel in the field and future research