无乳链球菌致儿童细菌性脑膜炎抗感染实践

目的分析药师参与的无乳链球菌致儿童细菌性脑膜炎的治疗实例,促进抗感染药物在细菌性脑膜炎的合理使用及探讨全敏感无乳链球菌抗感染治疗不佳情况下的药学思维。方法药师参与无乳链球菌致儿童细菌性脑膜炎病例治疗,对全敏感无乳链球菌抗感染治疗不佳原因进行剖析总结。结果药师对部分抗感染方案给出建议获得采纳后治疗取得进展,针对国内耐药情况对细菌性脑膜炎的经验治疗方案建议采用美罗培南联合万古霉素;对万古霉素进行血药浓度监测并在浓度指导下进行剂量调整;对病原菌明确为全敏感无乳链球菌抗感染治疗出现反复情况下提出细菌耐受可能并给予利奈唑胺联合青霉素抗感染建议。结论药师参与临床治疗有助于治疗方案改进,不生搬硬套并领会指南有助与临床沟通,药师深入了解细菌耐药特性及抗菌药物药动药效学有助于优化用药,纠正用药习惯

Two-dimensional Model Predictive Iterative Learning Control Scheme Based on a Two-dimensional Performance Model

将迭代学习控制(ITErATIVE lEArnIng COnTrOl,IlC)系统看作一类具有2维动态特性的控制系统,根据模型预测控制(MOdEl PrEdICTIVE COnTrOl,MPC)和性能参考模型控制思想,提出了一种基于2维性能参考模型的2维模型预测迭代学习控制系统设计方案.在该控制系统设计方案中,可以通过选择适当的2维性能参考模型来构造2维动态变化的设定值信号和预测控制信号,从而引导迭代学习控制系统收敛到合理的控制性能,并有效避免系统性能收敛过程中控制输入可能发生的剧烈波动.通过对控制系统的结构分析可知,所得的迭代学习控制器本质上是由沿时间指标的参考模型预测控制器和沿周期指标的迭代学习控制器组成,闭环系统的收敛性等价于一个2维滤波系统的稳定性.数值仿真结果证明了该设计方案的有效性和鲁棒性.By representing an iterative learning control(ILC) system as a two-dimensional system and using the philosophy of model predictive control(MPC) and performance model reference control,a two-dimensional performance model based model predictive iterative learning control scheme is proposed in this paper.Through the design of two-dimensional dynamics of the performance model to generate more proper reference trajectories and predictive control signals for each cycle,the convergence pattern of the iterative learning control system can be guided to avoid the issue of possibly violent oscillation of input signal.The structure analysis indicates that the resulted control is composed of the time-wise performance model based model predictive control and cycle-wise iterative learning control,and that the convergence of the closed loop control system is equivalent to the stability of a two-dimensional filter.Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.国家自然科学基金(61174093)资助~

Online Soft-measurement for Thermal Efficiency of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers

提出循环流化床(Cfb)锅炉热效率的在线软测量方法,该方法将效率分为煤燃烧效率和传热效率两部分,根据Cfb锅炉动态机理模型在线计算锅炉未燃烧碳量,在此基础上计算煤燃烧效率,再通过反平衡法和正平衡法计算锅炉传热效率,最后得到锅炉热效率.应用该方法对某440T/H循环流化床锅炉热效率进行了计算,分析了影响该锅炉热效率的主要因素.结果表明:影响锅炉热效率的最主要因素是烟气中的飞灰含量;该软测量方法适用于Cfb锅炉,能有效指导锅炉调控,从而提高锅炉热效率.An online soft-measuring method for thermal efficiency of the circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFB)is being proposed.The method divides the efficiency into two parts,coal combustion efficiency and heat transfer efficiency.On-line calculation for the unburned carbon content of the boiler is carried out according to the dynamic mechanism model of the CFB boiler,after that combustion efficiency of the coal is calculated.Then heat transfer efficiency is calculated by indirect heat balance and direct heat balance,finally the boiler thermal efficiency is obtained.The thermal efficiency of certain 440 t/h CFB was calculated by the method,and the main factors which influence the thermal efficiency of the boiler were analyzed.Results show that the main factor which influences the thermal efficiency of the boiler is the content of fly ash in the flue gas.The soft-measuring method is suitable for CFB boiler,which can effectively direct the control of the boiler,thus improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler.福建省科技基金资助项目(2007J0165

Modeling and Simulation for Sterilization Process of Canned Food

食品加工业中的罐头食品蒸汽灭菌过程是一种典型的多阶段间歇式生产过程。针对该过程,从物质守恒和能量守恒两方面,建立起通过热传递而相互关联的灭菌锅系统模型和罐头系统模型,而两者又构成了灭菌系统完整的数学模型。在此模型基础上进行了整个过程的仿真计算。通过对仿真结果与实验数据的对比,验证了所建模型的有效性。该模型为研究该类生产过程的优化控制策略提供了一个有效的模拟和测试平台。In the food industry,the sterilization of canned food is a typical multi-stage batch process.The mathematical models of the retort system and the can system were proposed on the basis of mass and energy conservation.The dynamical model of sterilization process was composed of these two subsystems which were connected by heat transfer.With the simulation of whole model,not only the accuracy of the mathematical model was demonstrated,but also an effective platform for testing was provided for the optimization and controller design for such production processes.国家自然科学基金(61174093); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121047

Steady-state simulation of fixed bed for coal gasification using ASPEN PLUS

用ASPEn PluS软件对固定床煤气化过程进行模拟,采用带fOrTrAn气化动力学子程序的串联全混流反应器来代替gIbbS反应器,能够更好地反映气化炉的真实反应情况,结果表明该模型与实际固定床煤气化的反应结果吻合较好。利用该模型研究了串联釜数对碳转化率及出口温度的影响,研究表明:随着釜数的增加,碳转化率和出口温度更加接近于实际数据;在保证模拟精度的前提下,较少的釜数有利于减少计算量。ASPEN PLUS is used to simulate the fixed bed for coal gasification process.The gasification reaction kinetics is expressed by FORTRAN subroutine in RCSTRs,and then the RSCTRS in series are used to substitute the Gibbs reactor.So the reaction condition of the gasifier can be described more accurate in the simulation and the results of the simulation are in agreement with the actual fixed bed of the coal gasification process.The proposed model was applied to study the effect of the number of RCSTRs on carbon conversion and outlet temperature.The results show that carbon conversion and outlet temperature are closer to the actual data with the number increase of RCSTRs.However,less number of RCSTRs helps to reduce the computation time.With consideration of the accuracy and computation time of the simulation for coal gasification,it is suitable to use 6 RCSTRs in series to describe the fixed bed according to the results of the simulation.中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2010121047

纳米Ni薄膜的电化学制备及其异常红外效应

通过循环伏安电沉积方法在玻碳基底上制备纳米级厚度Ni薄膜(nm-Ni/GC),以CO吸附为探针反应,运用电化学原位傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)反射光谱研究其性能,将所发现的异常红外效应的研究拓宽到铁系Ni金属纳米薄膜

Assessing ecological risks of different valence states of Cr to marine organisms by species sensitivity distributions

应用生态风险评价中的物种敏感性分布(SSd)方法构建了3种不同形态(Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+)的重金属Cr对海洋生物的SSd曲线。在此基础上计算了3种形态的Cr对不同海洋生物的5%危害浓度(HC5)和其不同暴露浓度对海洋生物的潜在影响比例(PAf),比较了海洋脊椎动物和无脊椎动物对不同形态的重金属Cr的敏感性以及不同形态的Cr的急性生态风险,并且评价了两个港湾海水水体中常见形态的重金属Cr的联合生态风险。结果表明,3种形态的重金属Cr的HC5的大小顺序为Cr3+>Cr6+>Cr。浓度小于10μg/l时,Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+三者生态风险差异不大,且都处于相对较低的水平。在10μg/l的暴露浓度下,三者所影响的海洋生物比例均未超过5%。随着浓度升高,生态风险也相应增大。当浓度达到1 000μg/l时,分别有23.43%,13.73%和17.27%的物种受到Cr、Cr3+、Cr6+的损害,此时三者的生态风险差异也比低浓度时有所增大。当不同形态的重金属Cr浓度在不同的范围时,不同生物的敏感性大小顺序会发生变化。三种形态的重金属对无脊椎动物的生态风险均比脊椎动物(本文即指鱼类)大。两个海湾水体重金属生态风险的大小顺序为宁德海域(0.66%)>福清海域(0.63%)。Species sensitivity distributions(SSD) method was used to assess the ecological risk of three valence states of Cr(Cr,Cr3+,Cr6+) to marine organisms.The acute toxicity data(LC50 or EC50) were collected from ECOTOX database and SSD curves were fitted based on BurrIII and ReWeibull function.The acute ecological risks of different valence states of Cr and the sensitivity of different marine species(vertebrate and invertebrate) to these different valence states of Cr were compared by the hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species(HC5) and the potential affected fractions(PAF).Then the HC5 values of these different valence states of Cr were in the order:Cr3+> Cr6+> Cr.When exposure concentration was lower than 10 μg/L,no significant differences among the ecological risks of Cr,Cr3+ and Cr6+ was observed.Also,none of these four observations exceeded the threshold of 5%(PAF) at the exposure level of 10 μg/L.The ecological risks of the heavy metals increased as the exposure concentration increased.When came up to 1 000 μg/L,23.43%,13.73% and 17.27% of marine species would be affected by Cr,Cr3+ and Cr6+,respectively.The order of sensitivity to marine species varied with different concentration of heavy metals.The ecological risk of all these three valence states of Cr to invertebrate was higher than to fishes.The case studies showed that the ecological risk of different valence states of Cr in the Seas of Ningde was higher than that in the Seas of Fuqing.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31101902); 国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金资助项目(2011143); 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助(201105015); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2012J05074); 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2011006

別所温泉のツーリズム活性化に向けた取り組みとその課題

departmental bulletin pape

Discussion on the Participation of Infantile Massage in Community Health Care

小儿推拿具有取穴少、经济安全、操作简单、家长易学等优点,适合在社区中推广。本文就其参与社区卫生服务的方式、内容、优势、问题和解决方法等方面,对实现小儿推拿“家庭化“进行论述,认为小儿推拿参与社区卫生服务最理想的方式是实现其“家庭化“,且“家庭化“的建立将是医疗技术进入社区的重要措施,是家庭卫生服务中最具特色的形式之一。Infantile massage has many advantages,for example,less acupoint selection,economic,safe,simple operation and easy to learn.It's suitable for promoting in the community.From aspects of methods,details,advantages,problems and solutions of infantile massage participating in community health service,the paper discussed infantile massage "family oriented"and thought that achieving its "family oriented"was the best way of infantile massage participating in community health service.The building of its"family oriented"was the key of medical technology entering into the community,and was one of the most unique forms of the family health service

择优生长CdS纳米微粒膜的制备和性能研究

利用恒电流阴极还原法或电流脉冲法在聚苯胺膜、PATP膜、Au膜和ITO基体上制备了CdS纳米微粒膜 ,并对其结构和紫外_可见吸收等性质进行初步表征 .结果表明基体对CdS微粒膜的结构和性能具有较大的影