Research on Punitive Damages in Sales Contracts of Commodity House ——In the View of Administrating Commodity House Trading Via the Consumers Protection Law

本论文主要是对现行商品房买卖中的惩罚性赔偿制度进行研究。现行法律规定的惩罚性赔偿制度中，与商品房买卖相关的主要有《消费者权益保护法》（以下简称《消法》）第49条和《最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（以下简称《商品房买卖司法解释》）中的第8、9、14条。论文综合运用了社会分析法、规范分析法、比较法等研究方法。论文分析认为现在实践中运用的《商品房买卖司法解释》的规定不足以保护消费者，应该将商品房纳入《消法》的保护范畴，才能更好地保障商品房消费者的利益。但是对于欺诈的认定应较慎重，可以采用限缩解释，否则有违惩罚性赔偿的本旨。文章总共分四部分： 第一章是对惩罚性赔偿...This paper is mainly research the punitive damages of the commodity houses trading. Currently, there are mainly laws in the system of the punitive damages, such as the Article 49 of the Consumers Protection Law., Article 8, Article 9 and Article 14 of the judicial interpretation of commodity house transactions. The paper comprehensive uses the method of social analysis, the method of normative ana...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1362008115088

Review on Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Coupling with Biological Carbon Pump Under Global Climate Changes

在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,海洋浮游植物乃至整个生态系统的结构已发生明显的变化(如生态系统转型).综述了在全球气候变化背景下,海洋浮游植物生物量及群落结构的变动趋势,探讨了浮游植物群落结构演变与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(EnSO),太平洋年代际涛动(PdO)和北大西洋涛动(nAO)等现象的关联,分析了群落结构与生物泵效率的耦合关系.Under the global climate changes and human activity stress,marine phytoplankton as well as ecosystem has been observed signal of change(e.g.regime shift).The paper reviewed the variations of phytoplankton biomass and community structure under global climate changes,and the correlation between community structure and El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) and North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO).This paper finally discussed the coupling between phytoplankton community structure and biological pump and POC flux in the ocean.国家自然科学基金项目(40730846;40925018);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CB403603

大连极紫外相干光源

先进光源的发展在前沿科学研究中发挥的作用越来越重要。近十年来,飞速发展的自由电子激光技术为科学家们提供了探索未知世界、发现新科学规律和实现技术变革的重要工具。建成的大连极紫外(EUV)相干光源的运行波段为50~150nm,单脉冲能量大于100μJ,且可提供10-12 s和10-13 s量级的超快激光脉冲,是我国第一台自由电子激光用户装置,并且是国际上唯一运行在极紫外波段的自由电子激光用户装置,在世界范围内为用户提供具有高峰值亮度和超短脉冲的极紫外激光。大连EUV相干光源是由国家自然科学基金委资助、由中国科学院大连化学物理研究所和上海应用物理研究所共同承担的重大科学仪器研制项目,目标是打造一个以先进极紫外光源为核心、主要用于能源基础科学研究的光子科学平台

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors