Enrichment of Heavy Metals by Casuarina equisetifolia of Different Stand Ages

为认识木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)防护林带重金属消减效应,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了福建省平潭国有防护林场林龄分别为5,15,20,30年的木麻黄小枝、细根、凋落物及林地土壤中5种重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)的含量.结果表明:平潭木麻黄林地土壤重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均低于福建省土壤和福建海岸带土壤的重金属含量背景值,未发现重金属污染;木麻黄Cr、Cd和Zn的平均含量高出普通植物的正常值范围,木麻黄中重金属含量依Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd顺序降低;木麻黄细根中的重金属含量最高,且细根对重金属的富集系数也最高;木麻黄对Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd的富集系数均大于1;木麻黄细根中Zn、Cu元素含量显著正相关;小枝对Cr、Cd和Pb,细根对Zn的富集系数均与林龄极显著正相关;木麻黄现存生物量中,Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的现存储量分别为3.06~3.46 kg/hm2,1.14~1.57kg/hm2,11.67~12.57 kg/hm2,0.05~0.09 kg/hm2和0.45~1.84 kg/hm2,且主要存在于根和树干中;随着林龄的增加,木麻黄积累大量的重金属,并达到其峰值.综上所述,木麻黄防护林在防风固沙的同时,能够吸收富集大量的重金属,对海岸带的重金属污染具有明显的消减作用.Casuarina equisetifolia is the key species in the seashore shelter belt in Fujian Province.It is necessary to assess enrichment of heavy metals by C. equisetifolia.Concentrations of heavy metals,including Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb,in branchlet,fine root,litter and soil of C.equisetifolia in 4 ages( 5,15,20,30 a) were determined.There was no heavy metal pollution in the shelter belt soil. The results showed that the content of the heavy metals in C. equisetifolia could be ranked from high to low as Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.The heavy metal content of the fine root was significantly higher than the other parts,and the concentration coefficient of the fine root was also the highest in C. equisetifolia.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of Zn and Cu in the fine root. The concentration coefficients of Cr,Cd,Pb in branchlet,and the concentration coefficient of Zn in the fine root were significantly correlated with stand age.Existing reserves of Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb were 3. 06-3. 46 kg / hm2,1. 14-1. 57 kg/hm2,11. 67-12. 57 kg/hm2,0. 05-0. 09 kg/hm2,0. 45-1. 84 kg/hm2. Heavy metals mainly existed in the root and trunk.C. equisetifolia had the capability of accumulating heavy metals during growth,and the potential to reduce heavy metal pollution.国家自然科学基金(41176090);; 国家科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302

Absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by Casuarina equisetifolia of different stand ages in a coastal zone

为研究不同林龄木麻黄对重金属的吸收与富集作用,用ICP-MS测定了福建东山县国有防护林场10、16、20、30年生木麻黄小枝、细根、凋落物及林地土壤中的5种重金属(Cr、Cu、zn、Cd和Pb)含量。结果表明,木麻黄对不同重金属的吸收能力不同,从高到低为zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd;木麻黄细根中Cr和Cu、Pb,fE和Cu,zn和Cd具有明显的协同作用;各林龄木麻黄对重金属均具有一定的耐性,对Cu、zn、Cd、Pb有很好的富集作用;20年生木麻黄的重金属年积累量最高;说明木麻黄对重金属的净化作用具有极大的潜力,20年生木麻黄作用最为明显。To assess the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by Casuarina equisetifolia,the concentrations of heavy metals including Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in branchlet,fine root,litter and soil of C.equisetifolia forests at four ages( 10,16,20,30) were determined.The results showed that the enrichment degree of the heavy metals in C.equisetifolia ranked as Zn > Cr> Pb > Cu > Cd.Correlation analysis showed that Cr and Cu,Pb,Fe and Cu,Zn and Cd had significant synergies in the fine roots of C.equisetifolia.C.equisetifolia had a higher capability of absorbing and accumulating heavy metals.Annual accumulation of heavy metals was highest in20 years old C.equisetifolia.Our results indicate that C.equisetifolia has a great potential for reducing the pollution of heavy metals,especially for the 20 years old forest.国家自然科学基金项目(41176090); 国家科技支撑项目(2009BADB2B0302)资

XPS Analysis of the HgCdTe Surface Etched by ICP

文章将ICP刻蚀技术应用于刻蚀HgCdTe,使用微区X射线光电子光谱学(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表面分析技术研究了ICP各工艺参数,包括ICP功率、气体成分与配比、腔体压力等对刻蚀表面形貌、刻蚀后表面成分、聚合物形成的影响。XPS分析结果发现,使用光刻胶作掩模时,刻蚀气体CH4会与光刻胶发生反应,生成物可能为C6H5(CH3)。如果腔体压力较高,生成物不能及时被带走,就会附着在样品表面上,使样品表面发黑;当腔体压力较低时,生成物被及时带走,则样品表面光亮,无聚合物残留。光刻胶也会与H2发生反应,生成多种含C有机物。SiO2作掩模时,在一定的条件下,CH4会与SiO2或者真空硅脂发生反应,生成聚脂薄膜。ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma) etching technique has been applied to HgCdTe providing significant benefits such as high uniformity, low damage and anisotropic profile,etc.We have studied the dependence of surface profile,post-etch composition,formation of polymer on the effect of ICP parameters(ICP power,gas ratio,chamber pressure) by using micro regional XPS and SEM(scanning electron microscopy).We have found that methane can react with photoresist(PR) which is used as mask,the product may be C_6H_5(CH_3).The product can't be pumped out if the chamber pressure is high,then it will be left on the sample surface forming so-called polymer.Otherwise if the chamber pressure is low,the product is pumped away the chamber in time,and there is no polymer on the surface.H_2 can react with PR,and the products are several organic compounds with carbon.Under certain condition,methane can reacts with SiO_2 or high vacuum grease,generating Mylar Polyster

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Callistemon rigidus

以茎段、芽和叶片为材料,探讨了红千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的方法.结果表明:红千层的茎段、芽和叶片均可诱导出愈伤组织,通过继代培养可发育成绿色和粉红色2种类型的愈伤组织,其中绿色、致密的愈伤组织可以分化出不定芽;培养基1/2M S+6-BA 1.0 m g/L+NAA 0.1 m g/L适宜愈伤组织不定芽的诱导,在培养基1/2M S+IBA 0.25 m g/L上试管苗的生根率可达95%.Taking stem segment,bud and leaf as materials,this paper made a study of callus induction and plant regeneration in Callistemon rigidus R.Br.The results show that callus can be induced from all types of materials and after being sub-cultured,the callus will develop to two kinds of colors that are pink and green;that the pink callus will be degenerated while the compact green one will induce adventitious buds.The optimal medium for adventitious bud inducing is 1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L and the optimal for the rooting of test-tube plantlets is 1/2MS+IBA0.25 mg/L on which its rate can reach 95 % after being cultured for 40 days.广东省科技计划项目(2004B60302006);; 广州市科技计划项目(004Z3-E0361)的部分研究内

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Callistemon rigidus

以茎段、芽和叶片为材料,研究了红千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的方法。结果表明:红千层的茎段、芽和叶片均可诱导出愈伤组织,通过继代培养愈伤组织可发育成绿色和粉红色2种类型,其中绿色、致密的愈伤组织可以分化出不定芽。培养基1/2M S+6-BA 1.0 m g/L+NAA 0.1 m g/L适宜愈伤组织不定芽的诱导,在培养基1/2M S+IBA 0.25 m g/L上试管苗的生根率可达95%。Taken stem segment,bud and leaf as materials,the means of callus induction and plant regeneration in Callistemon rigidus R.Br.were studied.The results showed that callus could be induced from all types of the materials,pink and green callus could be gain through subculture,and adventitious buds could be induced from the compacted greens.The optimal medium for inducing adventitious bud was 1/2MS supplemented with 6-BA1.0 mg/L and NAA0.1 mg/L,and the optimal one for test-tube plantlets rooting was 1/2MS supplemented with IBA0.25 mg/L,in which the rooting rate could be up to 95%.广东省科技计划项目(2004B60302006);; 广州市科技计划项目(004Z3-E0361

Stem Culture and Rapid Propagation of Melastoma malabathricum Linn.

广州市科技计划项目(2002Z3-E0291

漳江流域沿岸植物叶片中Si元素含量的变化

该文研究了漳江流域沿岸48种植物成熟叶片中Si元素含量及其随环境因子和在不同植物类群中的变化.结果表明,这些植物叶片平均Si含量为1.23%;不同植物叶片Si含量差异显著,含量最高的是笔管草,达5.88%;最低的是桃金娘,仅0.02%.48种植物中的17种是Si积累者,叶片Si平均含量为2.53%;31种是非积累者,叶片中Si平均含量为0.28%.从植物所属科来看,含Si量较高的主要有禾本科、木贼科、紫萁科、凤尾蕨科、鸭跖草科和桑科植物.研究还发现从上游到下游,土壤Si含量随土壤粘粒含量和含水量的升高而增加.马缨丹和鸭跖草叶片Si含量与对应土壤的有效Si含量呈正相关,桐花树和秋茄叶片Si含量与对应土壤的盐度呈正相关

Seeds Culture of Anoectochilus roxburghii

金线莲种子在培养基1/2MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA1.0 mg/L上萌发后形成原球茎,原球茎可以直接发育成幼苗,也可以由原球茎产生愈伤组织,再由愈伤组织发育成类原球茎而分化成幼苗。通过类原球茎可以实现大量增殖,在MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L上培养60 d的增殖倍数达到6.7倍。在培养基MS+IBA0.3mg/L上,金线莲的生根率可达到96.0%。Seeds of Anoectochilus roxburghii would germinate and develop to protocorms on the medium of 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA1.0 mg/L.The protocorms may develop to seedlings immediately or induce callous and then induce protocorm-liked-bodies which would develop to seedlings also.Anoectochilus roxburghii be rapidly propagated by the later method and 6.7 folds of propagation would get on the medium of MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L +NAA0.1 mg/L after subcultured 60 days.Seedling′s rooting rate was 96.0% on the medium of MS+IBA0.3 mg/L.广东省科技计划项目(2004B60302006);; 广州市科技计划项目(2004Z3-E0361);; 广州市建委项目[(2003)06

Rh/SiO_2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的核磁共振研究

利用1HMASNMR技术 ,在甲烷部分氧化 (POM)制合成气反应条件下研究了Rh/SiO2 催化剂上氢与金属的相互作用及反应机理 .结果发现 ,氢气在Rh/SiO2 上解离吸附后可能有四种存在形式 :化学位移为δ =- 10 0～ - 12 0的可逆 (αM)和不可逆 (αI)吸附氢物种 ,δ =0～ - 10 0的“氢云”或“氢雾”形式的氢物种和δ =3 0的溢流氢物种 .溢流氢物种是由可逆吸附的氢物种和“氢云”或“氢雾”状态的氢物种溢流到SiO2 上并弱吸附在桥式氧 (Si-O-Si)附近而形成的 .溢流氢物种活化晶格氧 ,形成一种POM反应的活性氧物种OH-.活性氧物种OH-反溢流到Rh上 ,并与CH4解离吸附在Rh上的CHx 物种反应生成含氧中间物种CHxO .CHxO物种的化学位移为 5～ 7.O2 参与CHxO物种的进一步氧化 ,或补充溢流氢夺取桥式氧后形成的缺陷位上的晶格氧 ,在高温 (973K)反应条件下 ,O2 可能优先补充缺陷位上的晶格氧 ,使CHx 的氧化按表面反应机理进行

Rh/SiO_2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的核磁共振研究

利用1HMASNMR技术 ,在甲烷部分氧化 (POM)制合成气反应条件下研究了Rh/SiO2 催化剂上氢与金属的相互作用及反应机理 .结果发现 ,氢气在Rh/SiO2 上解离吸附后可能有四种存在形式 :化学位移为δ =- 10 0～ - 12 0的可逆 (αM)和不可逆 (αI)吸附氢物种 ,δ =0～ - 10 0的“氢云”或“氢雾”形式的氢物种和δ =3 0的溢流氢物种 .溢流氢物种是由可逆吸附的氢物种和“氢云”或“氢雾”状态的氢物种溢流到SiO2 上并弱吸附在桥式氧 (Si-O-Si)附近而形成的 .溢流氢物种活化晶格氧 ,形成一种POM反应的活性氧物种OH-.活性氧物种OH-反溢流到Rh上 ,并与CH4解离吸附在Rh上的CHx 物种反应生成含氧中间物种CHxO .CHxO物种的化学位移为 5～ 7.O2 参与CHxO物种的进一步氧化 ,或补充溢流氢夺取桥式氧后形成的缺陷位上的晶格氧 ,在高温 (973K)反应条件下 ,O2 可能优先补充缺陷位上的晶格氧 ,使CHx 的氧化按表面反应机理进行